2007 October Grand Format Rare Books & Manuscripts Auction

(American Revolution: Boston Tea Party) Important Manuscript Document Signed. Two pages, 8"x 13", Truro, Massachusetts, January 24, 1774 addressed on integral address leaf to "The committee of correspondence of Boston" to affirm the solidarity of Cape Cod town with Boston and other Massachusetts communities in their opposition to the importation of East India Tea. This company dumped cheap tea upon the American market, effectively undercutting both smuggler and legitimate merchant alike. In addition to this infuriation, the tea was still subject to a tax, considered illegal by the Whigs who were in control of Massachusetts politics. The Boston Tea party on December 16, 1773 enjoyed widespread support in the countryside, including Truro, who resolved: "In compliance with the Desires of our bretheren [sic] in Several parts of the Province; as well as from a Sense of it's being our indispensable Duty, We in the publick [sic] manner offer our sentiments respecting the late dangerous and detestable scheme of Administration in the introduction of Tea from Great Britain subject to the unrighteous American Duty: Which Scheme as we consider it designed to take in the inconsiderate and continue and establish the tribute they so unjustly extort from us we would manifest our utter abhorrence and detestation...And we are determined never to relinquish[sic] our dear-bought rights & privileges for the paltry satisfaction that a little warm sipping can afford. Therefore resolved That we will not by any way or means knowingly promote or encourage the sale of consumption of any Tea whatsoever while subject to an American Duty: but all persons whoever they may be that shall be concerned in a transaction so dangerous to the well being of this Country: shall be treated by us as the meanness and baseness of enemies to their country deserves...The late wise spirited & manly resolutions of our much respected bretheren[sic] of Boston, and other Towns, are fully approved of by us--afford us much pleasure and satisfaction--and they are desired to accept the hearty thanks of this Town therefore. They may rest assured that we will ever afford them our best assistance in every prudent measure, in defence[sic], or for the recovery of our rights & privileges and shall think not our lives & properties too much to be spent in so glorious a cause." The demonstration in Boston galvanized the countryside into action, violators of the boycott were harassed, "warned out" of town, and occasionally tarred and feathered. One such troublemaker was John Greenough, a Wellfleet schoolmaster, who collaborated with an associate to recover two chests of the East India tea from a wreck off Provincetown. The wrecked ship, the William, was one of four ships laden with tea that sailed for Boston -- the other three continued on towards Boston where they were attacked and their contents thrown overboard by the Sons of Liberty on the night of December 16, 1773. Greenough and his partner made an imprudent attempt to sell the tea from the wrecked boat. This attempt was greeted by a rather negative response. After the town's pledge of solidarity with Boston, the inhabitants singled out "some few persons in this Town have had the good of their country so little at heart, as to be guilty of so base an action as the purchasing some small quantities of the East India Company's detested Tea lately ashore at Province Town and thereby greatly incurred the displeasure of this Town not only as they have implicitly declared themselves enemies to America: but their superlative meanness endangers the bringing an odium on this Town in general...and be treated by us and enemies to American freedom and held in everlasting contempt..." This piece abounds with fine content and is truly remarkable piece that documents the popular reaction to the Boston Tea Party and the manner in which political opponents were regarded in this increasingly volatile political environment erupted into open warfare fifteen months later. Weak at folds (some repaired) with partial separation, light foxing, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection

Jeffrey Amherst Manuscript Letter Signed "Jeff Amherst," one page, 8" x 12.5". Albany, August 20, 1761. To Thomas Hancock, Esq. In full, "I have this day your letter of the 10th Instant, as also one from the Owner of the True Britain, in Answer to which I have desired Mr. Wheelwright, who is authorized to act for him upon this occasion to send me the Charter party, which is necessary before I can grant the Certificates. The hundred wheelbarrows you are providing for Major General Bastide are sufficient; You need not bespeak any more, and you will do well to send them off by every opportunity that shall offer as fast as they are made otherwise they will be of no use; I approve much of the manner in which you sent the 40 you mention, by which they would go free of charge. The enclosed packets for Halifax & Louisbourg I recommend to your usual care." Thomas Hancock was a wealthy Boston merchant and a major supplier of the British army. When he died in 1764, his estate was inherited by his nephew, patriot John Hancock. General Jeffrey Amherst was Commander in Chief and General John Henry Bastide was Chief Engineer of the British Army in North America. In 1758, Amherst helped the British seize most French territory in Canada. In 1760, he captured Montreal, ending French rule in North America. From 1760-1763, Amherst was the military governor of Canada. Bastide was in charge of supervising the construction of the fortifications at Halifax. Both Nova Scotia port cities, Louisbourg is about 250 miles from Halifax. With light folds, the letter is in very fine condition.

Benedict Arnold Manuscript Letter Signed, Written During the Revolutionary War. One page, 7" x 9", Montreal, April 24, 1776. In this letter to Colonel Timothy Bedel, Commander of Fort Cedars, located west of Montreal on the St. Lawrence River, Benedict Arnold (1741-1801), still loyal to the Continental cause, relays confidential information about an imminent attack on the garrison. Arnold had recently left the battlefields of Quebec following the unsuccessful invasion of Canada. The letter reads in part: "This Intelligence is Just come to hand, I so far depend on it that I have thought proper to send an expert to acquaint you with it. ...Two Hundred Men from St. Johns [sic] are ordered to Join you immediately. Write me as fully as you can by return of the Bearer who has orders to hurry on the Amunition [sic] to you." The text is followed by the signature "B Arnold B Gen'l". The letter is one half of a folded-over sheet; the other half includes the name of the recipient, "Colonel Bedel / Commanding the Cedars." The letter has been double matted with an illustration, map, nameplate, and plaque describing the context of the letter, custom framed to an overall size of 17" x 49". Very good condition with folds, creases, and some staining from the original seal; the verso has had some professional restoration along the folds.

Abraham Baldwin Autograph Letter Signed "Abr Baldwin," one page, 8" x 10". Washington, March 9, 1801. To Seaborn Jones Esq. In part, "Agreeably to your desire I have called on the Secy of State and done the needful to obtain the certified copy of the papers, he tells me they shall be much out in manner and form and enclosed to me at Augusta as soon as possible. The district attorneys are also the attorneys of the circuit courts. Should any thing occur in which your recommendation of Mr Anderson could be used, it would give me pleasure to reinforce it by any thing in my power, all the opportunity of acquaintance which I have had has led me to entertain respectful opinions of him. That my friend Jones may in future be as correct as usual on this subject, I inclose a copy of the new Judiciary law..." Seaborn Jones (1759-1815) was a Revolutionary soldier, clerk of the executive council of Georgia in 1782, and Speaker of the Georgia House in 1789. Abraham Baldwin (1754-1807), a signer of the Constitution, was a member of the Continental Congress in 1785, 1787, and 1788. Author of the charter of the University of Georgia and its first president from 1786-1801, Baldwin represented Georgia is the U.S. House (1789-1799) and Senate (1799-1807). A portion torn out at the top blank edge has been repaired on verso. A mounting strip has been affixed along the edge of the blank integral leaf. Baldwin is extremely scarce in any form and is one of the rarest of the signers of the Constitution. This letter is in very fine condition.

Declaration of Independence Signer Josiah Bartlett DS, two pages, 6.75" x 8", Kingstown, New Hampshire, November 4, 1769. This partially printed court judgment against a debtor is signed prominently by Bartlett, who would a few years hence represent New Hampshire in the Continental Congress. Professional archival repairs to splits along folds, even brown toning. Overall very good condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Early Delaware Politician Richard Bassett Document Signed, one page, 8.25" x 12.75", Kent County, Delaware, August 10, 1772. A legal paper regarding a financial claim and signed by Bassett on behalf of the defendant, Peter Bussom. Richard Bassett (1745 - 1815) is largely responsible for Delaware's claim to being the "First State". A delegate to the Constitutional Convention, Basset pushed hard for ratification. He also served Delaware as a U.S. Senator and Governor. Chipped edges, splits along folds, some having old archival repairs. Good condition.

Gunning Bedford, Jr. Autograph Document Signed "G. Bedford Junr.," one page, 6.5" x 2.75". [Dover, Delaware], August 2, 1791. In the case of "Hugh Thompson/ v/ Hezekiah Davidson," As federal judge, Bedford orders to "Issue Fi Fa upon the Judg[men]t obt[aine]d in the cause, if it has not been done & if it has - issue..." Fi Fa, or Fieri Facias, is a directive by a High Court to a sheriff to seize sufficient goods of a debtor to satisfy judgment debt. Bedford has addressed this to his cousin, lawyer Gunning Bedford (1742-1797), who, at the time, was also a councilman in the Delaware State Legislature. Bedford later served as Governor of Delaware (1796-1797). Gunning Bedford, Jr. (1747-1812), a signer of the Constitution, was appointed by President Washington on September 24, 1789, as the first federal Judge for the District of Delaware, in the same message in which he named the first six members to the Supreme Court. He served until his death in 1812. This is a particularly attractive document completely handwritten by Bedford who has signed once as Judge and then almost again with all but the "Junr." of his signature in his cousin's name. The autograph of Gunning Bedford, Jr., is one of the rarest of all the signers of the Constitution. Tiny hole in blank area, with light folds, else fine condition.

William Blount Manuscript Document Signed "Wm Blount" as "Governor in and over the Territory of the United States south of the river Ohio," one page, 8" x 12.75". Knoxville, July 10, 1795. Order to David Henley, Agent for the Department of War, to "Pay William Rickard, Pay-Master pro tem to the troops in the Territory aforesaid seven hundred and four dollars eighty cents out of the money in your hands appropriated for the defensive protection of the frontiers for the pay of a Detachment of Mounted Infantry of Miro District Col. James Ford's Regiment under the command of Julius Sanders (Lieut.)..." Also signed "Chas. McClung/Pres. Secretary" (twice) and, on verso, "Wm Rickard" beneath a manuscript receipt for $704.80. Charles McClung (1761-1835) was the surveyor who laid out the city of Knoxville in 1791. He also ran several mercantile businesses and worked as a lawyer. David Henley (1749-1823) fought in the American Revolution and was the agent for the War Department in charge of Indian affairs based in Knoxville from 1793-1801. William Rickard was commanding officer of the 12th Company, 3rd Sub-Legion, stationed at Knoxville. William Blount (1749-1800), a signer of the Constitution, was appointed Governor of the Territory of the United States South of the river Ohio by President George Washington in 1790. He selected the site of White's fort as the capital in 1791 and gave it the name Knoxville in honor of Revolutionary War hero General Henry Knox. When the territory was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1796, as the State of Tennessee, Blount was elected one of its first two U.S. Senators. Paper seal affixed at upper left. Lightly browned folds nicked at edges expertly strengthened on verso with tissue. An attractive document in fine condition.

Declaration of Independence Signer Carter Braxton DS, one page with verso endorsement "C. Braxton", 7.25" x 9.75", n.p., April 13, 1778. Braxton, one of Virginia's representatives in the Continental Congress, was heavily engaged in financing the Patriot cause and lost his fortune in the process. This document details business arrangements with a Captain Ball. Heavily stained with archival repairs. Good condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

David Brearley Partly Printed Document Signed "David Brearley" and "Joseph Brearley," "M. Furman" as witness, one page, 7.75" x 13.25". Hunterdon County, New Jersey, December 6, 1785. In part, "Know all Men by these Presents, That we Joseph Brearley and David Brearley Esqrs of the County of Hunterdon are held and firmly bound unto William Livingston Esqr Governor of New Jersey in the Sum of Eight hundred Pounds Proclamation Money...The Condition of the above Obligation is such, That if the above-bound Joseph Brearley Administrator of all and singular of the Goods, Chattels and Credits of David Brearley Late of Maidenhead in the County of Hunterdon deceased, do make, or cause to be made, a true and perfect Inventory, of all and singular the Goods, Chattels and Credits of the said Deceased...do well and truly administer according to Law...pursuant to the true Intent and Meaning of an Act of Parliament, made in the 22d and 23d Years of the Reign of King Charles II, entitled, An Act for settling Intestate Estates, shall limit and appoint. And if it shall hereafter appear, that any Last Will and Testament was made by the said Deceased, and the Executor or Executors therein named, do exhibit the same into the said Prerogative Court, making Request to have it allowed and aproved [sic] accordingly...then the above Obligation to be void..." Docketed on verso with additional Manuscript Document Signed "Joseph Brearley," a sworn affidavit saying "that David Brearley within named died without a Will as far as he knows and as he verily belives [sic]." Born in Maidenhead, New Jersey, in 1703, David Brearley died in Trenton on October 4, 1785. His sons David and Joseph signed this document.

David Brearley, First Grand Master of Masons of New Jersey and one of only four signers of the Constitution never to have served in Congress. His autograph is rare in any form. This attractive document has been expertly silked on verso at edges and folds. Lightly stained, it is in fine condition.

Jacob Broom Autograph Letter Signed "Jaco: Broom," one page, 8" x 10.75". Wilmington, August 1, 1808. Integral leaf addressed by Broom to his son "James M. Broom Esquire/ Atty at Law/ Baltimore," clear "Wilmn De Aug 1" postmark. In full, "Your letter of the 30th ulto I did not receive until this morning - the acct of yr Ann's case, is deeply afflicting to us all - She has our united prayers for her recovery, we may as well bring ourselves to that standard of submitting to the will of God - if we can with the assistance of this giver, but then there must be a great giving up - I trust the Lord will support you in this trying dispensation of his providence - I would set off immediately for Balt - but the man whom I have engaged to drive my Carriage cannot be ready before tomorrow, & I find I cannot get any other - the man has not cloaths [sic] fit to go, he is getting some made, which will not be done before night. I intend getting over the ferry tomorrow for as to be in Balt by 4 or 5 oClock in the afternoon of Wednesday - I hope in God the letter which I shall probably receive my tomorrow morning's mail, will convey us a now favorable account of Ann's situation; in the mean time, we must naturally have an anxious solicitude for her. We are in usual health, & join in our affectionate love to you all."

Jacob Broom (1752-1810) is one of only four signers of the Constitution to have never served in Congress. Broom's only recorded national service was the preparation of maps for George Washington before the Battle of Brandywine. In 1776, at the age of 24, Broom became assistant burgess of Wilmington, Delaware. Over the next several decades, he held that office six times and chief burgess (mayor) four times; he served in the Delaware legislature from 1784-1786 and in 1788. This letter was written to his eldest son, James Madison Broom (1776-1850), a lawyer who had represented Delaware in Congress from 1805 until resigning in early 1807, even though he had been reelected in 1806. James had married Ann Driver in Baltimore on September 3, 1803. Their son, Jacob Broom (1808-1864), was born in Baltimore on July 25, 1808, so it is probable that there were complications in the delivery. Ann Driver Broom died 15 days later on August 9, 1808, just eight days after her father-in-law wrote this letter. He most probably reached Baltimore before her death. Jacob Broom, a religious man as is evident in this letter, was a lay leader at Old Swedes Church. He was only 58 when he died and was buried in Philadelphia's Christ Church Burial Ground. The integral address leaf is stained and the seal tear is repaired on verso. Broom's autograph is rare in any form, one of the rarest of all signers of the Constitution. This excellent family letter, in very fine condition, is in its most desirable form, a one page ALS.

Aaron Burr Autograph Letter Signed twice "A. Burr" and a scarce full signature, "Aaron Burr". Two pages, 7" x 7.75", Albany, February 28, 1825 to T. H. Flandrau concerning legal matters. He writes, in part: "Your two letters of the 25th have been recd-the first containing the original will of M.E. Zorn - the other, a list of V. Berk case - I regret the trouble you have had; but I see no ground for a move to set aside the Inquests. If you should see Graham, tell him that I hope to give him a better cause when I shall gain ask his services. Do not immediately enter a plea for Jost. I may, no doubt be done any time during the sitting of the Court; but draw the costs and give notice of taxn. Before Howe for some day not earlier than the 8th Mar. If you should have no objections, you may be atty of record in this suit. 10 p.m.-have just come from the Stat house-no news of Hossak. Send up my power of atty form Mrs. Bolton-Desire young Thurman to send to his father who is now here, copies of the Wills of his G. Grandfather Francis & of his G. Grandmother Susannah - desire him to copy them both on one large sheet, noting when they were proved & at whose request & whether John T. qualified as Exr- also to send at the same time an Extract from a Book which he has, of the houses belonging to them F. & S. in London." Following his trial for treason and subsequent self-imposed European exile, Aaron Burr returned to New York City in 1812 where he began his final career as a successful, albeit obscure, attorney. He died in New York in 1834. Small loss from seal tear repaired, usual folds, light toning, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection

Pierce Butler Autograph Letter Signed "P. Butler," two pages, 8" x 9.75", front and verso. [Philadelphia], April 21, 1819. Integral leaf addressed by Butler to "Robert E. Griffith Esqr." The integral leaf is inlaid to an 8" x 13.25" sheet. In part, "I demanded payment as my right.; if any objection had been raised to it, I would have considerd it as an insult; and have known how to resent it. I never once Sir, viewed you as my agent - our joint signatures to the various papers and to most of the letters are evidence of it...You incurred no expence. I was put to the expence of going two hundred miles to Charlotte, to bring the cause to a hearing; during the whole of the trial I attended the Court from nine o'clock in the morning 'till five in the evening - I had not one comfortable dinner but on Sundays during the trial...I needed no agent - I was equal to, and fully attended to my interest in the joint concern. I am ready to pay half of the expence for copying any documents." Pierce Butler, delegate to the Continental Congress, signed the U.S. Constitution in 1787 and, two years later, was elected one of South Carolina's first two U.S. Senators (1789-1796, 1802-1804). He was 74 years old when he made his 200 mile trip from Charleston to Charlotte and then wrote this letter. Fine condition.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton Autograph Letter Signed "Charles Carroll of Carrollton," 2.5 pages, 6.25" x 7.5", front and verso. [Maryland], May 16-17, 1823. Addressed by Carroll on verso of third page to William Gibbons. In full, "When Mr. Dean was last in town he told me the fly was in my wheat confined to the particular sports, but did not think the crop would be materially injured by it. I saw yesterday Mr. George Howard, who told me he heard the fly was generally in all the wheat in that neighbourhood. Mr. Patterson's manager writes that he shall not make more than half a crop of wheat and that the crops of wheat on Carrollton are much worse than his. I wish to know if my wheat is more injured than Mr. Dean supposed when he was with me by this time, I believe, he may be able to ascertain the extent of the damage done to my wheat by the fly; does he think the crop will be reduced by it one third? By the federal gazette of this evening it appears that the fly is destroying the growing crop of wheat in Virginia & that it is committing extensive damages among the wheat crops on the eastern shore, whole fields, it is said, have been devastated. I begin to fear from all these accounts that my crop of wheat has suffered more than Mr Dean was aware of when he was in Baltimore 17th May The fruit at my son's place near this city Mr Caton's farm has not been injured by the frost except the cherries, so that I suspect Harry's account of the injury done to the fruit at the manor is exaggerated. I have just received your letter of yesterday; my fears I perceived are verified respecting my wheat. I have just sent to the Seminary (11 o clock) the horse which Tom brought from the manor for the priest, who I expect will be at the manor this evening Mrs. McTavish is busy in packing up articles for the manor to be ready to load the wagon on tuesday, if it comes to Baltimore on that day; she has yr letter that to Mrs. Caton who is at Broomlandwood, & will return to town this evening. I believe Mrs. McTavish will go to the manor on wednesday, if Clem's wagon gets to town on Tuesday & I hope to follow her on the 23d or 24th instant. I am with regard." Seven months later, on December 17, 1823, former President James Madison wrote to Judge Richard Peters, president of the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture, about the fly destroying wheat in Virginia, mentioned by Carroll in this letter, thanking him "for the Agricultural Almanac for the coming year...You take a refuting notice of the opinion that the grains of wheat are the nidus of the Hessian fly. This error commenced with the appearance of the insect among us and threatened to injure the foreign market for that great staple." He mentions receiving "a sample of wheat from Algiers" when he was President and that "like other wheats in the following spring, was ruined by the Hessian fly." A native of Asia, the Hessian fly was transported into Europe and later into North America, supposedly in the straw bedding of Hessian troops during the American Revolution (1775-1783).

Charles Carroll of Carrollton was the only Catholic to sign the Declaration of Independence. In this letter he also writes that he has just sent a horse to the Seminary for the priest. After Adams and Jefferson died in 1826, Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737-1832) became the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence. His executors were John and Emily McTavish and Richard Caton, mentioned in this letter. Carroll was one of the richest men in America, owning 70,000 to 80,000 acres of land. In the 1760s, he had decided to sow his land with wheat instead of tobacco which was rapidly exhausting the Maryland soil. He lent money to his neighbors to enable them to change to wheat. By 1780, wheat was the main crop of the area and mills were built. By 1790, Maryland farmers were exporting flour to Europe, importing goods useful to American farmers. In 1823, at age 85, Charles Carroll of Carrollton was still actively running his farm. It's ironic that the Hessians fighting on the side of the British against the Americans were unsuccessful in the Revolutionary War, but the tiny insects that came with them from Germany were threatening the livelihood of American farmers and, over 200 years later, still attack wheat, their favorite food. This letter has been encapsulated in acid-free Mylar. There are light folds and a seal tear in a blank area, with a faint circular stain from the seal. The letter is in fine condition.

Declaration of Independence Signer Charles Carroll of Carrollton DS, "Ch. Carroll of Carrollton," one page, partially printed, Maryland (probably Annapolis), October 18, 1805. Carrollton here accepts $72.02 received from United States bonds. Very fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection

Daniel Carroll Autograph Letter Signed "D. Carroll," one page, 7" x 8.75". Baltimore, July 7, 1779. Addressed on verso by Carroll to "Messrs Fitzgerald/ Mercht/ Alexandria." Other writing including ciphers are on verso. In part, "I this moment met with a vessel bout to Alexa by whereon I send you the Chares (9) I have not time to send you anything else..." Daniel Carroll, a signer of the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution, was appointed by President Washington in 1791 as one of the commissioners to locate the District of Columbia and the Federal City and served until 1795. His Maryland farm was the site of the present city of Washington, D.C. There is show-through from the writing on both sides with light stains. A small slit in the center of the letter is from the seal tear on verso. Daniel Carroll's autograph is scarce in any form. This ALS is in fine condition.

George Clinton Important Autograph Letter Signed "Geo Clinton," two pages, 8.25" x 12.75", front and verso. Poughkeepsie, April 17, 1779. To Col. Stephen Lush. In part, "I waited till the 13th Inst for Genl Ten Broeck's return but on conceiving no consideration could justify a further delay in raising the men for the Defense of the Frontier I ventured to fix the quotas the different Corps are to furnish from such returns as I was possessed of & my orders are accordingly passed. I have therefore on this subject only to desire that while you continue in Albany you will afford Gen'l Ten Broeck such assistance as your leisure will admit in expediting these levies from his brigade. It is impossible for me to give any directions more particular than those contained in the law as is the distribution of the money granted for the relief of the Frontier inhabitants whose property has been destroyed by the enemy. It is clear that those who are supplied with provisions by the public (if this is to be confirmed to them) are not objects of the law. The sum granted, I have, is very inadequate. It must therefore be well husbanded and no part given to any person who can by any means subsist without it. This is the best rule to be observed by the persons appointed to this business." Governor Clinton then writes about "the high price of wheat and corn" and says that if the people knew the reasons behind the fixing the prices, "they would applaud instead of condemning the measure." He notes the lower prices of wheat and flour in Connecticut and New Jersey and that "this afforded so strong a temptation to smuggle" but it is "not worth landing the Embargo Law & Guards stationed at the overt common Passes to prevent it..." George Clinton served as a Member of the Continental Congress from May 15, 1775, to July 8, 1776, when he was ordered to take the field as Briga

dier General of Militia, voting for but never signing the Declaration of Independence. He was the first Governor of New York (1777-1795, 1801-1804) and Jefferson and Madison's Vice President from 1805 until his death in 1812. Colonel Stephen Lush (c. 1753-1835) became aide-de-camp (secretary) to General George Clinton during the Revolutionary War, continuing in this position when Clinton became Governor. Brigadier General Abraham Ten Broeck was Mayor of Albany (1779-1783, 1796-1798). Thin mounting strips strengthen the left edge of each page. Lightly soiled. Fine condition.

Revolutionary War Letter From James Van Wagenen to General Sir Henry Clinton. Three pages, 8" x 13.25", Catskill (NY), April 12, 1781; Van Wagenen writes to inform Clinton, the Commander in Chief of English forces in North America, of four "Hessians" deserters in Albany "and from circumstances it is believed that those people harbour them with no other view than with them to join the fire party of the enemies rangers who make their appearance". He writes further that he found guns, ammunition, hatchet and a pack with three or four days provisions in the home of a local man who claimed he "was going bear hunting". Van Wagenen speaks many references to Torries and is obviously not a fan of the revolution. Heavily toned and in four integral pieces with minor tears, and some paper loss to the pieces, but apparently complete. A great content letter worthy of professional restoration.

George Clymer Manuscript Document Signed "Geo Clymer" and "Robert Whyte," one page, 8" x 3.75". [Philadelphia], June 5, 1776. "To John Nixon Esqr. & others/ Committee of Accounts." In full, "Be pleased to pay to Mr. Arthur Donaldson the Sum of Five hundred Pounds on Account of his Engagements with a Sub-Committee of Committee of Safety." Docketed on verso. Committees of Safety were formed in individual colonies before the American Revolution to keep watch of events affecting the welfare of the people. Some had the authority to call out the local militia. George Clymer, Robert Whyte, and John Nixon were members of the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety. Nixon was a member of the Committee of Accounts. He was the first person to publicly read the Declaration of Independence, which he did from the steps of the Pennsylvania State House on July 8, 1776. Robert Whyte was a member of the Committee for Importing Powder, Arms, &c. Four weeks later, on July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress first "Resolved, That an application be made to the Committee of Safety of Pennsylvania for a supply of flints for the troops at New York," as requested by General Washington, then agreed to the Declaration of Independence which Clymer later signed. The document is fragile, stained, and bears two diagonal cuts at the upper corners. The writing is clear and, overall, it is in good condition. American documents bearing the date of "1776" are always in demand, especially those bearing a signature of a signer of the Declaration of Independence.

George Clymer Autograph Letter Signed "Geo Clymer," one page, 6.25" x 7.5". No place, Wednesday (no date). Integral leaf addressed by Clymer to "William Rawle Esqr." In full: "General Hand is arrived in town with one of his officers who has been greatly abused in the execution of his duty. The district judge being out of town I called on Mr. Wilson to take the examination of the Officer - but doubting whether he could properly do it, he referred me to you for your opinion as being better acquainted than himself with some late instances - should you think the case lies before him, he will attend to it in the morning - if not, I will endeavour to get Mr. Peters." Docketed on address leaf: "Mr Clymer/ relative to assault/ on Major Humphreys." Address leaf is inlaid to 7" x 8.5". When the British evacuated Philadelphia in 1778, William Rawle (1759-1836) moved with his family to New York; his stepfather Samuel Shoemaker, was a Loyalist and Mayor of Philadelphia. Rawle went to London in 1781 but returned to Philadelphia in 1783 where he was admitted to the bar. Appointed U.S. Attorney by President Washington in 1791, Rawle served until 1800. George Clymer, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, represented Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress (1776-1777, 1780-1782). Edward Hand (1744-1802) served in the Continental Army (1775-1778), commanding troops in the battles of Long Island and Trenton. He was brevetted major general in 1783. Lightly stained in the left margin. Fine condition.

Philip Van Cortlandt Autograph Letter Signed "Philip Cortlandt L Col," one page, 8.5" x 6". Ticonderoga, July 23, 1776. Unidentified recipient. In full, "I herewith send you a coppy (sic) of a letter from Ph. V. Rensselaer Esqr to Major General Gates the purpose of which you will please to observe. As the articles therein mentioned are much wanting and I know not anything of their being sent to this place as Capt. Dow informs me he knows nothing about them and must inform you it is the Generals Express Orders that they be forwarded which you will please to do immediately." In the Revolutionary War, Lieutenant Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt was present at the surrender of Gen. Burgoyne in 1777 and, in 1779, he was with Gen. Sullivan in the Indian Campaign in western New York. He was mustered out of the service with the rank of Brigadier General for gallant conduct at the siege of Yorktown under Gen. Lafayette. In May 1776, Philip Van Rensselaer was appointed storekeeper by General Philip Schuyler and placed in charge of ordnance and other important military supplies. On May 16, 1776, Horatio Gates was commissioned Major General. Congress had put Gates in command of the American troops in Canada, but when Maj. Gen. John Sullivan withdrew the troops to New York, Gates was reassigned as second in command to Gen. Schuyler. Written just 19 days after independence was declared in Philadelphia, this letter reveals the need for supplies for the American troops at Fort Ticonderoga, captured by Colonels Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold a year earlier, less than a month after Lexington and Concord. Some mat burn is apparent from prior framing, chipped at corners, lightly foxed, and uneven margins. Letter remains very legible and in very good condition.

Elias Dayton Manuscript Letter Signed "Elias Dayton," one page, 7.75" x 12.75". Elizabeth Town, March 1, 1805. To his son, U. S. Senator Jonathan Dayton. Integral leaf addressed by another son, Elias B. Dayton, to "The Hon. Jonathan Dayton/in Senate of the United States/City of Washington." Elias B. Dayton has handwritten the letter his father signed and has penned a letter to his brother beneath his father's, concluding it on top verso, signing "E. B. Dayton." Elias, veteran of the Revolutionary War and a retired Major General of Militia, tells his son that "We have made sale of the D'anterroches place to Robinson Thomas for seventy dollars the acre & it is necessary before making the Deed that I have from you a transfer of D'anterroches's Mortgage to you, for which purpose I now enclose an instrument for your Signature..." Elias B. Dalton then writes to his brother, "It did not occur to my mind until today that it would be necessary for my father to have an assignment of D'anterroches's Mortgage before we made the title to Mr. Thomas. My father tells me that he has written you on the subject of Aaron's going to the westward - I am at a loss how to advise him, but am fully of the opinion with you that he may have fairer prospects in the Western Country than he could have to the northward." "Aaron" may be Aaron Ogden of Elizabeth Town, former U.S. Senator (1801-1803), and a speculator in Western lands. There was good reason for Jonathan Dayton to have good prospects in the Western Country. Senator Dayton, who has docketed this letter on the address leaf "From/Genl E. Dayton March 1805," and Vice President Aaron Burr were good friends. Two days after this letter was written, Burr's term as Vice President, and Dayton's term as U.S. Senator ended. In 1806, Burr led an expedition to the Southwest to conquer Spanish lands and create an empire,

possibly including some southern U.S. territory; it failed. Only illness prevented Dayton from accompanying him. In 1807, Burr and Dayton were indicted for treason. Burr was found not guilty; Dayton was never brought to trial. Jonathan Dayton, who, at 26, was the youngest signer of the U.S. Constitution, owned 250,000 acres of land in Ohio and when it incorporated in 1805, the city of Dayton was named in his honor. Slightly worn at folds with a seal tear on the address leaf. Fine condition

Baron De Kalb Autograph Letter Signed "The Baron de Kalb" in English, 1.25 pages, 8" x 12", front and verso. Philadelphia, August 28, 1777. Integral leaf addressed by him "To/The Honorable The/Delegates in Congress for the/State of South-Carolina." In full, "Wm McCafferty an inhabitant of Charlotte Township in South-Carolina, on the back or upper-road to the Northern, of whom Messrs Chrips & May will be able to give yet a clearer account. They having recommended said McCafferty to me, to Messrs de Lesser, de Valfort & Chevalier Dubuysson for carrying our Baggage from Charlestown to Philadelphia, the whole of 2500 Weight, or there about, for the Sum of nine hundred pounds, South-Carolina Currency, to be paid in Philadelphia at his arrival. The agreement was made by Messrs Chrips & May themselves, and MacCafferty promised to deliver the whole in a six week time. He loaded his wagon and left Charlestown on 26th June last, in Company of three other Waggons belonging to the Marq delafayette and others of our officers. He went with them as far as Charlotte, but then staid at home, would on no account go forth with them, and nothing was heard of him since. As all th'other Waggons are arrived, it seems this man has a manifest design of defrauding us of our goods, as well as to keep to himself forty Louis d'ors in Gold belonging to Mr. Le chevalier deFayolle, which said MacCafferty promises to return for three hundred Dollars in Paper-money. To have said MacCafferty do us justice, I beseech the Honorables, the Delegates in Congress, for the State of South-Carolina, to cause such orders to be issued, as will be most effectual to the purpose." A collector has penciled a lengthy addition in the blank area of the second page beginning, "Whether the honorable delegates of SC in Congress were ever able to bring Mr Wm McCafferty to an exhibition of his freight, we have no means of determining. The application, by the way, should have been made to the delegates of North & not South Carolina as the latter could have no sort of control over the good people of Charlotte..." Another incident which occurred in the same area during the Revolutionary War may give an insight into Mr. McCafferty. From Sketches of Western North Carolina, Historical and Biographical by C. L. Hunter, published in 1877: "William McCafferty, resident Scotchman, and a man of considerable wealth, was employed as the guide to lead the British army by the nearest road to Winnsboro, S.C. Tradition says, that after so bewildering the army in the swamps that much of their baggage was lost, he contrived to escape, and left them to find their way out, as best they could, by the returning light of day." In 1777, when Lafayette decided to come to America, he persuaded Baron Johan DeKalb to accompany him. German-born, DeKalb was serving in the French Quartermaster Generals' department. They arrived in Charleston and, together, traveled to Philadelphia and were welcomed by the Continental Congress. The French officers mentioned in this letter, Lesser, deValfort, DuBuysson, and deFayolle, accompanied them. This letter was written on August 28, 1777. On September 15, 1777, eighteen days later, Baron DeKalb was commissioned a Major General. He was at Valley Forge for most of the 1777-1778 winter and served in New Jersey and Maryland until April 1780. DeKalb was fatally shot while leading the Continental troops in the Battle of Camden, S.C., and died three days later, on October 19, 1780. The letter is in very fine condition.

Silas Deane Autograph Letter Signed "Silas Deane," one page, 7.25" x9". Philadelphia, November 23, 1778. Integral leaf addressed by Deane to "The Honorble/ John Hancock Esq/ Boston." In full, "I have wrote you repeatedly but have not been honored with any reply, which I impute to the uncommon hurry in which you must have been, since you left us. I have long since been impatient to see you in this City for many, very many Reasons as well public, as private. I shall hope for that pleasure, before I leave America, meantime you will oblige me by sending me a Bill for the Amount of the Goods sent you if agreeable to you, as I am remitting whatever I can to France against my return for which am extremely impatient. I pray of you to make inquiry if a passage can be procured from Boston soon in a good Vessel for France or Spain I care not which - the port waits & I cannot add any thing but my Compliments to Mrs. Hancock & that I am as ever with the most sincere attachment."

Silas Deane (1737-1789) represented Connecticut in the Continental Congress (1774-1776). Early in 1776, he was sent to France by Congress to induce the French government to lend its financial aid to the colonies. Deane, Benjamin Franklin, and Arthur Lee became U.S. commissioners to France. Deane's carelessness in keeping accounts of his receipts and expenditures and the differences between himself and Arthur Lee led to his recall to face charges, of which Lee's complaints formed the basis. Before Deane left Paris, he, Franklin, and Lee signed the treaty of alliance on February 6, 1778. Deane arrived in Philadelphia on July 11, 1778. He had the support of John Adams and John Jay and, in this letter, seems anxious to get Hancock's support as well, wishing to see him "for many, very many Reasons as well public, as private." For months, Congress ignored Deane's efforts to meet, make his report, and present his accounts for payment. Congress had finally scheduled him to speak in person on Monday evening, December 7, 1778, just 17 days after he wrote this letter, but the publication of his address "To the Free and Virtuous Citizens of America" in the Pennsylvania Packet newspaper on December 5th changed the mood in Congress. Deane was informed instead that they were not prepared to hear him and that he was to submit his case in writing.

On March 24, 1779, the Committee on Foreign Affairs reported to the Continental Congress ten charges against Silas Deane, with evidence of impropriety supplied by Arthur Lee. There were also seven charges against Arthur Lee with evidence supplied by Deane, three charges against Benjamin Franklin with evidence supplied by Lee and Ralph Izard, Commissioner for the Court of Tuscany ("That Mr Franklin is not a proper person to be trusted with the management of the affairs of America, that he is haughty and self sufficient, and not guided by principles of virtue or honor."). There was no trial and Deane was never found guilty of the charges. In 1780 he returned to Paris, as a private citizen, to settle his affairs. Deane would be vindicated on August 11, 1842 when President John Tyler signed "An act for the settlement of the accounts of Silas Deane," a payment of $37,000. Congress characterized Arthur Lee's evidence against Deane as "a gross injustice." Show-through from seal remnants on verso. Tears from seal on integral address leaf. A truly historic letter in fine condition.

Henry Dearborn Manuscript Letter Signed "H. Dearborn" as Secretary of War, one page, 8" x 9.5". War Department, July 9, 1802. To General William Irvine. In full, "I agree with you in opinion that it would be advisable to sell the Billingsport property, and vest the proceeds as you propose; but without Authority granted by law we cannot make a conveyance - In the mean time it may be well to convey what Iron and other moveable property there is at the place to Fort Mifflin or Philadelphia - I can conceive no advantage that can be derived from leasing it." Col. William Irvine was captured in Canada in 1776, remaining a prisoner of war until he was exchanged in 1778. He was appointed Brigadier General in 1779. Gen. Irvine had written to Dearborn from Philadelphia in his position as Superintendent of Military Stores (1801-1804). Captain Henry Dearborn had fought at Bunker Hill and was also captured in Canada, at the Battle of Quebec (December 31, 1775); he was exchanged in 1777. A colleague of Irvine's in the 3rd Congress (1793-1795), Dearborn served as Jefferson's Secretary of War from 1801-1809. A fort had been erected at Billingsport, New Jersey, in 1777 in accordance with plans prepared by General Kosciuszko. Its main purpose was to prevent the entrance of the British to Philadelphia. It was not sold, as suggested by Irvine, and was again occupied by U.S. troops in the War of 1812 during which time Major General Dearborn was in command of the northeast sector of the United States from the Niagara River to the New England coast. Although both Generals Dearborn and Irvine are best remembered for their military and government service, each was a physician by profession. Narrow mounting strip at edge on verso, slight separation at fold at right edge. Fine condition.

John Dickinson Partly Printed Document Signed "John Dickinson P." as President of Pennsylvania, one page, 8.25" x 6". In Council, Philadelphia, July 20, 1784. To David Rittenhouse, Esquire, Treasurer. In part, "Pay to Thomas Armstrong late Lieutenant of Pennsylvania Militia or his order, the sum of twenty pounds eight shillings & five pence being one year's interest on his depreciation certificate, due the tenth day of April 1782, agreeably to an act of The General Assembly, intitled, 'An Act to appropriate certain monies arising from the excise, for the payment of the annual interest due on unalienated certificates therein mentioned'..." Signed along the upper left edge, "Entd/ Jno. Nicholson." Signed along the bottom, "Received the Contents Thos Armstrong." John Dickinson, a signer of the Constitution, represented Pennsylvania (1774-1776) and Delaware (1779) in the Continental Congress. He was President of Pennsylvania from 1782-1785. John Nicholson was Comptroller General of Pennsylvania from 1782-1794. In 1795, he became partners with Robert Morris in ill-fated western land deals that sent Morris to debtors prison in 1798. Nicholson went to debtors prison in late 1799, dying there a year later. Thomas Armstrong was First Lieutenant in the Fourth Company of the Pennsylvania Militia during the American Revolution. Tanned at folds, one passing through the "h" of "John." There is light wrinkling at Nicholson's signature. Fine condition.

Early Pennsylvania Power of Attorney Manuscript Document Signed, "Hannah Harris," two pages with docketing, 9" x 15", Philadelphia, March 15, 1784. A widow, Hannah Harris, gives Bucks County attorney John Hunter power of attorney and, in the event of his death, names James Wilkinson of Kentucky "in the State of Virginia" to the position. Signed and witnessed by John Morton, John Dunlap and William Webb. Large split along top, chipping, stains and general browning. Good condition.

South Carolina's William Henry Drayton Autograph Letter Signed, "Wm Hy Drayton", 1.25 pages with verso address panel and docketing likely by the recipient, 8" x 12.5", Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 12, 1777, to Major General Lord Stirling (William Alexander), New York. Drayton, a delegate to the Continental Congress, writes in part: "...I am very much indebted to your Lordship, for your favor relative to the events at Monmouth. They are interesting & valuable, & such marks of your condescension will always be thankfully received...We have not yet got upon the proceedings of the Court Martial - they are still in the press. There is no doubt the sentence will be confirmed...many think it is time Gen. Lee was out of the Service...". Light toning, gentle separations at folds. Very good condition.

An altogether fascinating letter speculating on Charles Lee's court martial for defying George Washington's orders and retreating at the Battle of Monmouth. Drayton writes to the self-styled Lord Stirling, the Continental general in charge of the proceedings. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection

Declaration of Independence Signer William Ellery ALS, "W Ellery", three pages, 6.25" x 8", Princeton, New Jersey, November 6, 1783, to an unknown recipient regarding free trade with European nations. In very small part: "Congress will embrace every opportunity for entering into commercial treaties with all trading nations; and have actually some treaties in contemplation. -- the illiberal conduct of Britain, unless altered, will force a retaliation, and our trade into other channels. -- The wisest way for us is to have as many strings to our bow as possible... Congress have lately received a letter from the Burgomaster & Senate of the Imperial free city of the Empire Hamburgh, urging congress to suffer their merchants to enjoy all such rights & liberties as Congress allow to merchants of nations in amity... A treaty, as you have seen, is entered into with Sweden. One is proposed with Denmark, and another with Germany, and as the definitivetreaty is signed, as it is said & confidently believed, perhaps we shall enter into a commercial treaty with Russia... The Dutch Minister Mr. Van Berchal was last Friday received in his public character. He appears to be a good republican and a sensible man. -- Perhaps the United States may derive some commercial benefits from this embassy..." Much more excellent content. This letter was penned while Ellery, representing Rhode Island, served on a Congressional committee governing maritime affairs. Evenly toned with bold ink, the letter has been tipped and presents in very fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

William Ellery Autograph Letter Signed "Wm Ellery," 1.5 pages, 6.5" x 8", front and verso. Newport, January 16, 1810. Integral leaf addressed by Ellery to "The Honble/William Stedman/in Congress/City of Washington," franked "Free" in upper right. In part, "A letter I rec'd yesterday from my good friend Danl. E. Updike induces me to follow my letter to you of the 14th sooner than I expected. In that letter he informs me that his Son Richard whom he had placed five years ago in the store & competing house of Messrs Blodget & Powers of Providence and who has been almost four years their principal Clerk, is desirous of being a Purser in and of our ships of War...they had expressed a strong desire for his establishment at New Orleans as a Commission Merchant and promised that they would aid him all in their powers...He informs me that his son has had from his childhood a strong propensity for the Seas, and that he was not disposed to thwart his inclination, but has requested me to write to Washington in favor of his Son. I have not the least acquaintance with the Secretary of the Navy [Paul Hamilton of South Carolina] nor do I know that you have; but I cannot refuse anything to a man who in the most trying times performed his official duties with fidelity and fir whom I entertain the highest esteem...I have but little personal knowledge of my friends son Richard. He was at the Wickford Academy with my son G.W. and was a promising lad. I am well informed that he writes a good hand, is well acquainted with arithmetic, an accurate accomptant, and of pure morals. I think he is abundantly qualified for the Office of a Purser on board any Ship of War...You are at liberty to show this letter to the Secretary of the Navy, to the Secretary of the Treasury [Albert Gallatin], or to any other person whom you may think disposed and inclined to promote the application of Mr. U

pdike, and his deserving Son." As Massachusetts Congressman William Stedman had married Ellery's daughter Almy in 1790, Ellery ends this letter, "Yrs affect[ionatel]y." William Ellery, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, was collector of the port of Newport, Rhode Island, from 1790 until his death in 1820. It is not known if Richard Updike was ever appointed, but in 1790, a "Daniel E.Updike" had been appointed by President Washington to be surveyor of the port of North Kingstown, Rhode Island. There are two seal tears on the integral address leaf, one extending into the blank left margin of the letter which is tipped to an 8.5" x 10.5" sheet. Lightly stained, the letter is in fine condition.

Consitution Drafter Oliver Ellsworth 1777 Document Signed "O Ellsworth" as a member of the Connecticut Committee of the Pay Table. One page manuscript with docketing and endorsement on verso, 8.25" x 6", Hartford, October 24,1777. Treasurer John Lawrence is instructed to "Pay Capt. Amasa Loomis One Hundred & Thirty five Pounds Eighteen Shillings & Two Pence & charge the State." Loomis served the state well in the Revolutionary War and his company was at the "Lexington Alarm." He has endorsed the verso. Ellsworth is often credited with coining the term "United States of America" as a member of the five person committee to draft the Constitution. He was our nation's third Chief Justice and, as a senator, helped draft the bill that set up the federal judicial system. Very fine condition with original folds.

Founding Father Oliver Ellsworth 1775 Document Signed "Olvr Ellsworth" as a member of the Connecticut Committee of the Pay Table. One page manuscript with docketing and endorsement on verso, 7.5" x 4.75", September 27,1775. Treasurer John Lawrence is instructed to "Pay Capt Saml Gale (by the hand of Lt Baldwin) the Sum of One hundred pounds money in Bills for the use of his Company now in the Service of this Colony..." It is in the hand of and signed also by Thomas Seymour, another member of the pay committee. It is endorsed on the verso as having been received by Josiah Baldwin, the named recipient. Dr. Samuel Gale and Baldwin are both well-known Revolutionary War figures. Gale was captain and Baldwin was first lieutenant of a company that marched to Ticonderoga to take the British posts there. Baldwin was later promoted to captain and raised a company of his own. Gale also commanded a company that marched to Boston in the "Lexington Alarm." Oliver Ellsworth, of course, was a drafter of the United States Constitution as a representative of Connecticut at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787. Very fine condition with light folds.

William Few Partly Printed Document Signed "W Few" as Commissioner of Loans, one page, 7.75" x 9.5". New York, July 2, 1807. In full, "I hereby certify That Wynant Van Zandt Junr Proprietor of Eight per Cent Stock, standing on my books, has transferred to Thomas Tudor Tucker, Treasurer of the United States, in trust for said States, Nine hundred Dollars, of said Eight per Cent Stock, and that the Original Certificates have been duly surrendered and deposited in my Office." William Few, a signer of the Constitution, represented Georgia in the Continental Congress (1780-1782, 1786-1788) and in the U.S. Senate (1789-1793). Wynant Van Zandt, Jr. (1767-1831) was a New York City merchant and alderman. He founded the Zion Episcopal Church in Little Neck (now Douglaston), N.Y. Light show-through in blank areas from three mounting remnants on verso. Fine condition.

Thomas Fitzsimons Autographed Letter Signed, "Thos Fitzsimons". Two pages, 8" x 8.75", Philadelphia, July 2, 1790 to Dr. Benjamin Rush announcing the final passage of the Residence Act of 1790 that fixed the permanent seat of the federal government on the banks of the Potomac River -- present-day Washington D.C. Reporting from his seat in the House of Representatives, he informs Dr. Rush about the historic passage: "...My time at present will only permit me to tell you that the bill for fixing the temporary residence of Congress for 10 years at Philad [sic] and after that time on Potomack [sic] passed the Senate yesterday..." Fitzsimmons, a staunch Federalist, compliments Vice President John Adams on his ability to facilitate the bill's passage: "...it is proper to say that this Gent. has Conducted himself on this trying business with great prosperity the decision in several instances has been left to his vote..." The Senate approved version of the Residence Act was presented to the House the same and became the subject of intense debate until its final passage on July 16 as Fitzsimmons clearly anticipated: "...We shall have the same battle to fight over again in our house Yet I have full confidence we shall carry it..." Indeed, in the end it was not John Adams' political acumen that pushed through the passage, but the grand bargain between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton, in which Jefferson pledged southern support for Hamilton's Assumption bill in exchange for locating the federal capital in the south. Usual folds, else fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Thomas Fitzsimons Autograph Letter Signed, "Thos FitzSimons". Three pages 7.75" x 8. 9", New York, August 1, 1790, to Dr. Benjamin Rush in which the Pennsylvania Congressman commends the recently-passed Assumption Act in which the federal government assumed the debts of the several states. Passage of this act was part of a significant compromise between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton wanted the federal government to assume all debts incurred by the states during the Revolutionary War. However, as most of the debt was held by northern states, southerners bristled at the imposition. To quell this southern unease, a compromise was made to locate the federal capital in the south. Due to this compromise, Hamilton was able to secure key southern votes to enable the passage of the Assumption Act. Fitzsimmons writes, in part: "You have seen before now-our plan for funding the debt, which the upon the face of it a little Whimsical - Comes upon the whole to something like what you seemed to wish - I expect the execrations of some of our Avaricious public Creditors - but, the good Effects of our System already appears - Public Securitys [sic] are now Selling here at 13/4 in the L - and before the End of the Year I have no doubt [it] will be at 16/6 while Real Estates will increase in the same proportion the whole sum to be raised annually is less than 3.400.000 dollars-which...will be done by adding a few pence 1b to tea- & something more to Spirits & Wine - Not a shilling on lands or Houses- on the Contrary we have rendered it unnecessary for the States to lay any such taxes, as we have taken the burthen of debt off their shoulders...Add to this the benefits that will accrue from the Residence of Congress- & the Negotiations of all the Revenue - & You must admit that our time here however uselessly spent as to ourselves has not been so as it respects our State [Pennsylvania] - if this will not cover a multitude of our Political Sins - I wonder at it..." Fitzsimons (1741-1811) served as president of Philadelphia's Chamber of Commerce, trustee of the University of Pennsylvania, and a founder and director of the Bank of North America. Mounting strip along left margin wit a few minor chips, light folds, else fine. This piece contains rather important historical content dating to our early Founders. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Thomas Fitzsimons Autograph Letter Signed, "Thos Fitzsimons". Two pages, 8.25" x 9.75", Philadelphia, September, 2, 1789, to Dr. Benjamin Rush concerning a congressional bill that would have situated the permanent seat of government just north of Philadelphia. The Pennsylvania congressman writes, in part: "When the winds blow worship the Echo was the advice of some of the Antient[sic] Philosophers apply it to present circumstances and suspend your opinion of present measures till you are informed of the reasons on which they are founded[.] I venture to assure you if any blame is to be the consequence it will not fall where you seem to apprehend--the bill for establishing the seat of Governm[ent] came down abt. 2 oclock[sic] on Saturday totally changed- a district of 10 miles square including Germantown and Northern Libertys[sic] has taken place of the banks of the Susq[uehanna] and a proviso that 100,000 dollars be supply[e]d by the State of Pennsylv[ania] or its citizens made a condition on a motion to postpone till next session it was lost 29 to 25 but an adjournment till today was obtained contrary to our wishes. All that I apprehend from the delay is further intrigue, yet I have a considerable degree of confidence in our associates. I confess to you however I am not without apprehension-the aggrandizement of Philad[elphia] and the certainty of the business being carryd[sic] into speedy effect are strong temptations to desertion--it is scarcely possible for you to conceive the motives which could influence the New Yorkers to this measure and yet we have such hold of them that they cannot decide? I think there is scarce a possibility of our delaying our adjournment beyond tomorrow so that I shall soon have the pleasure of assuring you in person how much I am..." The proposal for Philadelphia was one of many efforts between 1789 and 1790 to reach a consensus on defining the permanent seat of the federal government. The argument dragged on until the summer of 1790 and only came to an end as the result of a compromise between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton needed a southern support for his Assumption Bill in which the national government would assume the Revolutionary War debts of the several states. The bill was resisted by southerners because most of that debt was held by the northern states. The offer to locate the federal capital in the south was an effective compromise which allowed the passage of both the Residence and Assumption Acts. As a bow to the Pennsylvania delegation, Congress designated Philadelphia as the temporary capital from 1791 until 1800 when the government would relocate to its permanent home in the District of Columbia. Some toning, usual folds, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection

Thomas Fitzsimons and George Meade Manuscript Letter Signed "Thos FitzSimons" and "Geo Meade," two pages, 8" x 9.5", front and verso. Philadelphia, September 20, 1782. With leaf addressed "To/Mr. John Fitzgerald/Alexandria/Virginia" with seal tear and small holes in blank areas. In part, "We wrote you yesterday by post but as we find he goes no further than Baltimore & meeting with Mr Pagan who goes thru your place we think it necessary to advise you that Mr Trinian upon being called upon to explain the nature of Mr Willis demand...Mr Willis has made the demand upon the Vessell & you possibly been obliged to enter into Engagement for it we have thot it better to hold that Sum & Mr Willis may draw upon us at his pleasure or on advice from you or him it shall be remitted in any way that is most agreeable. It is very painful to us that you should have had so many disagreeable contacts about this Vessell. The transactions are entirely foreign to our intention from the first purchase...We hope before this can get to Land she will be sailed..." Born in Ireland, Thomas Fitzsimons came to America and pursued a mercantile career in Philadelphia. He married Catherine Meade and went into business with one of his brothers-in-law. The firm of George Meade and Co. soon became one of the leading commercial houses in the city, specializing in the West India trade. Capt. Fitzsimons provided supplies, ships, and money in support of Pennsylvania's forces in the Revolutionary War. He served in both the Continental Congress (1782-1783) and the U.S. House of Representatives (1789-1795) and was one of the signers of the U.S. Constitution. John Fitzgerald, also born in Ireland, settled in Alexandria and also pursued a mercantile career. During the Revolutionary War, he served as Aide-de-Camp to General Washington. Three years after Fitzgerald received this letter, he and George Gilpin (also a aide to Gen. Washington) became co-directors of the Potomac Company, organized by Gen. Washington to improve navigation of the Potomac River. On the second page, there are two small tape repairs of holes, one in blank area, the other just nicking the lower loop of "G" in "Geo." Fine condition.

Declaration of Independence Signer William Floyd DS, "Wm Floyd", two pages, 4.5" x 7.25", New York City, October 3, 1787. Floyd, a Continental Congressman from New York and, later, a Major-General, is but one of several signatories found here with records of monies they received from various individuals. Browning, fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection

Benjamin Franklin Autograph Document Signed Three Times "B Franklin". One page, 7.75" x 6.25", attractively framed to an overall size of 15" x 17.75", 1744, [Philadelphia], to The Reverend M. Clapp, ink. The document reads, in full: "To Rev M Clapp to B Franklin / For Printing and Binding 500 of Dr Mathers' Soul-saving Gospel Truths ([per] Agreemt) £100..0..0 Rhode Island Money ________________ / B Franklin / Sir / Please to pay the above to my Brother Peter / Franklin, and his Receipt shall discharge you from / Your obliged hum Sev / B Franklin". At the bottom of the document, there is additional handwriting, presumably in Rev. Clapp's hand or one of his associates. The handwriting appears to be a form of shorthand that begins "Rd [Received] 10.3.1744" and continues in an unidentified script. The document is in near fine condition, with one vertical fold down the middle, which also shows minor creasing, and one horizontal fold. The edges display minor wear, and mild toning. The handwriting at the bottom of the document overlaps a minimal part of Franklin's script, at the bottom of the "Y" in "Your obliged hum Sev" and the paraph under the third Franklin signature. The document presented here is a unique American historical artifact considering its content. Three Franklin signatures from his days as a printer in Philadelphia in a document where he mentions Increase Mathers, and Mathers' Soul-saving Gospel Truths, originally published in 1703. A wonderful document, and a great display piece.

Benjamin Franklin Signed Land Grant. 15.5" x 12.5", vellum, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, July 13, 1787. This certificate granting a parcel of land to Joseph McGuffin is signed "B. Franklin" at left center. Above the signature is the official Seal of the State of Pennsylvania. One of the most legendary figures in U.S. history, "founding father" Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was an author, political theorist, politician, abolitionist, printer, scientist, inventor, musician, civic activist, and diplomat. Often referred to as "The First American," he served as Postmaster General, Speaker of the House of Representatives, Commissioner to France, and President of the Society for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage. When he signed this document, Franklin's official title was President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania (analogous to the modern position of Governor). The verso includes two seals and handwritten information pertaining to Joseph McGuffin. The document is in good condition with folds, soiling, minor creases and staining, and warping from previous exposure to moisture.

Thomas Gage Autograph Letter Signed "Thos. Gage," 2.5 pages, 7.25" x 9", front and verso. New York, June 3, 1771. To an unnamed officer in England. In part, "I am much concerned at the contents of your last Letter of the fifth of March, as I find repeated disappointments have at length conquered your patience, and brought you to the resolution of selling your commission. I most sincerely wish it otherwise and that I had received news of a promotion you have so long expected and deserved. I am often chagrined at the situation of many of my old friends, Dunbar and Disney are both old Captains." After sending news of his family, Gage continues, "From what you mention of poor Lee it's likely that he is dead. We had reports of the kind here some months ago but I never could learn from what foundation they arose, and hoped they were propagated by many, who would not have been much concerned at the event..." During General Braddock's campaigns in the French and Indian War in 1755, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Gage was one of Braddock's field officers, Ensign Daniel Disney of the 8th Company was regimental adjutant, and Colonel Thomas Dunbar commanded the 48th Regiment. Lee was Charles Lee who had also fought in Braddock's regiment. In 1765, with Britain at peace, Lee went to Warsaw, gaining the confidence of Poland's King Stanislaus, and then to Turkey before returning to England. When civil war broke out in Poland in 1768, Lee returned to Warsaw and was commissioned a General in the Polish army. During a campaign in Turkey in late 1769, Lee became ill and was sent to the Mediterranean to recover. This may have been the news Gage had received, theorizing that it was likely that Lee was dead. Lee survived and fought for America in the Revolutionary War. General Thomas Gage was commander in chief of the North American forces from 1763 to 1775. On October 10, 1775, he was recalled to England. Slight show-through. There are tiny holes in the mid-horizontal fold touching a few letters on the first and second pages and mostly in the blank area of the third page. The letter is in fine condition.

Henry Gardner 1780 Partly Printed Document Signed "H. Gardner" as Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts, one page, 13" x 16". Boston, November 25, 1780. Ordering "Timothy Hartshorn, Constable or Collector of Reading...to collect all and every the Sums of Money mentioned in the List or Lists of the Tax or assessment of your Town...and committed to you to collect amounting in the Whole to the Sum of Eight thousand five hundred & Eleven pounds 3/11..." On May 31, 1780, the Assembly of the State of Massachusetts-Bay passed "An Act for apportioning and assessing a Tax of Five Millions Six Hundred and One Thousand and Twenty-Six Pounds Thirteen Shillings and Four Pence, upon the several towns and other Places in this State...for defraying the public Charges and for carrying into Execution the resolves of Congress of the Eighteenth of March 1780." On March 18, 1780, Congress resolved, in part, that "These United States having been driven into this just and necessary war, at a time when no regular civil governments were established, of sufficient energy to enforce the collection of taxes, or to provide funds for the redemption of such bills of credit as their necessities obliged them to issue...That the several states continue to bring into the continental treasury, by taxes or otherwise, their full quotas of fifteen million dollars monthly, as assigned them by the resolution of the 7th of October, 1779..." Tape affixed on verso to strengthen folds, light soiling. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection

Rare Horatio Gates French and Indian War Autograph Letter Signed, one page with verso address panel, 7" x 11.75", Herkemers, New York (?), August 8, 1756, to Sir William Johnson, Fort Johnson. The letter reads: "I can no longer avoid acquainting you, of the extream Ill behavior of Justice Herkemer, his Family, & Relations who are not only perpetually making the Indians Drunk with Rum, which they Sell in most unreasonable Quantities, but are taking all opportunities to create an animosity between the officers, Soldiers, & the Indians, of this I have most authentic proofs, as this scandalous perverse conduct of these people may, & will, if persisted in, produce the worst of consequences, I thought it my Duty to acquaint you of it, & desire you will exert your Magisterial authority to stop this Growing Ill, which will save me the disagreeable office of doing that by Force of Arms, which ought to be Done by the powers of Government, as there is at this time Quantitys of Rum in the Houses of Herkemer, & his Daughter. To prevent future mischief, I think it should be seized which, I did not care to do, without first having your Opinion thereon. When Herkemer meets with any thing he does not like, he threatens to complain to Broadstreet, but this does not deterr any One for doing everything consistent with Honor, & reason." With 6.5" x 9.25" 19th century engraved portrait of Gates. Minor papers loss from seal breakage, browning along edges. Altogether well preserved and in fine condition.
Horatio Gates (1726 - 1806) is best known as the English-born Continental General who won the American victory at Saratoga during the Revolution. Like many other high ranking Revolutionary officers, Gates cut his soldier's teeth on the French and Indian War. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection

Lord George Germaine Autograph Letter Signed, 1 page, 7.25" x 9.25", Pall Mall, Oct. 15, 1779, to Lady Macartney, in response to her request that he promote her husband's interests "before his Majesty". He writes: "Nobody can be more sensible than I am of Lord Macartneys merit... Your Ladyships anxiety must be great... you hear more of Lord Macartneys situation, whatever intelligence I receive shall be immediately sent to you." Lord George Macartney had in recent years been governor of the Caribbean Islands and had been created Baron Macartney in the Peerage of Ireland in 1776. It is likely that Lady Macartney was actively promoting her husband's interest for another appointment as he would be come governor of Madras the following year after this letter was written in 1780. The document is very lightly and evenly toned, with dark ink that has feathered in a few places. Near fine condition, save a few tiny tears along left margin.

Lord George Germaine (1737-1806) served as Secretary of State under Lord North's cabinet during the Revolutionary War, and was burdened with much of the blame for Britain's loss of the American colonies.

Declaration of Independence Signer Elbridge Gerry ADS, one page, 6.25" x 2.75", Marblehead, Massachusetts, February 14, 1765. A receipt indicating that Gerry was paid "four pounds ten shillings" on behalf of his father by one W. Thomas Pedrick. Fine condition. Elbridge Gerry would represent Massachusetts in the Continental Congress and go on to spend a lifetime in politics. His attempts to manipulate voting districts in 1812 led to the creation of the verb "to gerrymander". Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection

Nicholas Gilman Partly Printed Check Signed "Ns. Gilman" and "N.G.,"one page, 6.25" x 2". Bank of the United States, April 22, 1800. Filled out by the signer of the Constitution, payable to himself ("N.G.") for $1840.67. Ciphering on verso relating to the check. Hole cancellation in the center of the check. Gilman represented New Hampshire in the Continental Congress (1787-1789), the House of Representatives (1789-1797) and the U.S. Senate (1805-1814). In 1802, when he was defeated for the U.S. Senate as a Democratic-Republican, President Jefferson appointed him as a bankruptcy commissioner. The charter of the First Bank of the United States, located in Philadelphia, was signed by President Washington in 1791. Uniformly tanned, in very fine condition.

Mordecai Gist Autograph Letter Signed "M. Gist," two pages, 7.5" x 12.25", front and verso, with integral leaf addressed by Gist to "The Honorable/General Greene." Address leaf is inlaid to 8.5" x 13". James Island, February 10, 1783. In part, "I have the pleasure to inform you that Captain McPherson arrived here last night with 15,000 D Salted Beef from Fenwick Island wch will serve the Troops at this place six days. In the interim I hope such measures will be adopted as will answer our demands after that is expended..." In 1779, Modecai Gist was appointed Brigadier General in the Continental Army and took command of the 2nd Maryland Brigade and, in 1780, saw action at the Battle of Camden, South Carolina. Joining the southern army under General Nathaniel Greene, Gen. Gist recruited and supplied Greene's army in the Carolinas, retiring in November 1783. Uniformly soiled, with ink marks in the lower left margin. Partial separation of the letter and address leaf at top. Overall, fine condition.

General John Glover Signed Muster Roll of Captain Rufus Lincoln's 7th Massachusetts Regiment, September 1781 16.5" x 13", two pages (front and verso), October 6, 1781, [West Point]. Some tearing at the folds, else fine.
John Glover (1732-1797) was an American fisherman, merchant, and military leader who served as a brigadier general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Initially he was the second in command of the Marblehead militia but after the death of Col. Jeremiah Lee Jeremiah Lee House in April 1775, he was given command.
Rufus Lincoln was born at Taunton, Massachusetts 10 November 1751; died at Wareham, Massachusetts, 4 February 1838, aged 86 yrs. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant, then raised and equipped a company of volunteers at his own expense. They marched to defend Fort Ticonderoga. In 1780, he was transferred to 7th Massachusetts Regiment and continued to serve therein faithfully until the army was disbanded in June 1783, when he was honorably discharged. After the war he returned to Taunton, where he was a farmer; served as Selectman, 1792-96. In 1799 he moved to Wareham, where he also farmed and established a residence at 'Lincoln Hill.' Lincoln was never reimbursed by the government for the company he raised and equipped in 1777. He was required to sell his farm to pay the men and keep his word. Rufus was an Original Member of the Massachusetts Society of the Cincinnati from 1783 until 1838.

Nathaniel Gorham Autograph Letter Signed "Nathaniel Gorham," one page, 7.5" x 10.5". Charlestown, February 21, 1775. Addressed by Gorham on verso "To/ Messrs Reynell & Coates/ Merchts in/ Philadelphia." In part, "Sometime last Fall, I inclosed to you an Order on Mr. Mackiness of your place for the Value of 53 pair Shoes - which I hope you have recd. I also paid to Mr Logan £10 your Currency since which I have not had the pleasure of hearing from you...if I have still any shoes on hand please to sell them at Auction...Please to ship me to Capt Hinckley 25 Barrells good Common Flour..." Nathaniel Gorham, a signer of the Constitution, represented Massachusetts in the Continental Congress in 1782, 1783, 1786, 1787, and 1789, and was its president from June 6, 1786, to February 2, 1787. Repaired at the mid-horizontal fold on verso with glassine, the letter has a small piece missing at the upper edge, one fold partially separated at the right edge, and a seal tear hole in the blank left margin. Darkly penned, the letter is in fine condition.

Christopher Greene Autograph Letter Signed "C Greene," two pages, 5.75" x 7", front and verso. East Greenwich, December 6, 1780. Integral leaf addressed by Greene to "Benjamin Bourne Esqr/AD QMG/Providence," "Public Service" above addressee, franked "C Greene" to the lower left. In part, "One of the Waggons you sent here can't go forward for want of Suitable Horses. I ask will to detain the others till they cou'd be Exchanged as they will be more than sufficient to carry on the cloathing for Angells Regt who are suffering for want of them. I wish you to give some directions about the Horses that are left...I expect my Regt will march for W Point very soon. It will take three Waggons to move us...I go to Newport this afternoon and shall probably be in Providence on Saturday next when I expect I shall be able to fix the time four our marching." Ensign Benjamin Bourne became Quarter Master of the 2nd Rhode Island Regiment in 1776. He was Rhode Island's first Congressman (1790-1796), later serving as a federal judge. Christopher Greene, a cousin of General Nathaniel Greene, had been captured in Quebec in 1775 and exchanged in 1777. In the Battle of Newport (1778), he commanded a regiment of former slaves freed to serve in the Army. On May 14, 1781, Col. Christopher Greene was killed at the Battle of Croton River. The integral address leaf is torn at the seal and two small printed letters to the colonel from Nathaniel Greene have been affixed on its blank verso. The letter itself has folds and is in fine condition. Christopher Greene is scarce in any form. This is a particularly good letter with Revolutionary War content.

Richard Gridley Autograph Document Signed "Richd Gridley," one page, 5" x 4". Boston, December 1, 1733. In full, "Receiv'd of Mrs. Elizabeth Prentice Seven Pounds ten Shillings & 8 in full of all acctts to this day." For his engineering service in the French and Indian War, Richard Gridley (1710-1781) was awarded a commission in the British army, a grant of the Magdalen Islands with an extensive seal and cod fishery, 3,000 acres of New Hampshire land, and a life annuity. He was made Chief Engineer in the New England Provincial Army in 1775 and, in that post, laid out the defenses on Breed's Hill where the Battle of Bunker Hill was fought on June 17, 1775. On the night of June 16th, Col. William Prescott and his men, using Gridley's outline, had dug a fortification 160 feet long and 80 feet wide with ditches and earthen walls. After Washington assumed his duties as Commander in Chief of the newly created army in July, Gridley, wounded at Bunker Hill while working the cannons, was appointed the first Chief Engineer of the Continental Army (1775-1776). At his furnace in Stoughton, he made the first cannon and mortars ever cast in America. He also directed the construction of the fortifications which forced the British to evacuate Boston in March 1776. When Washington moved his Army south, Gridley remained as Chief Engineer of the New England Department. Irregular edges at top and right. Fine condition.

Alexander Hamilton Manuscript Letter Signed "A Hamilton," one page, 7.25" x 9". Treasury Department, May 17, 1790. A "circular" letter sent by Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton most probably to collectors, relative to violation of the Revenue Laws. In full, "It appears probable that the public interests would be promoted by my receiving the earliest information, when breaches of the Revenue Laws take place. I therefore request that whenever a seizure shall be made within the sphere of your duty, you will transmit me by the first opportunity an account of the transaction containing such particulars as will enable me fully to understand the case." Smuggling was rampant and Hamilton urged Congress to pass legislation relating to enforcing revenue laws. On August 9, 1790, less than three months later, Congress approved "An Act to provide more effectually for the collection of the duties imposed by law on goods, wares and merchandise imported into the United States, and on the tonnage of ships or vessels." Alexander Hamilton, New York's only signer of the Constitution and secretary and aide-de-camp to General Washington in the American Revolution, served as his first secretary of the treasury from 1789-1795. Hamilton was mortally wounded in a duel with Vice President Aaron Burr in 1804. A, 1.5" x 5" rectangular card mounted on verso shows through on front. Tape repairs on verso strengthen the two horizontal folds. There is chipping at the blank left edge. Overall, the letter is in fine condition.

[Alexander Hamilton] Printed Document signed "Gouv Morris," "R King," "Egbt. Benson," "Oliv Wolcott," and "Chas Wilkes," one page, 6.75" x 6". New York, November 29, 1804. In full, "Certificate to Rufus King for a Share in the Trust intended in a certain Writing of this date, relative to the Estate of Alexander Hamilton, deceased; and this Certificate to be assignable, and to be receivable on Sales of the Estate by the Trustees, as a payment of Two Hundred Dollars: the Dividends, however, if any, which may have been paid on the Share, being first deducted." In 1804, a New York newspaper reported that Alexander Hamilton "looked upon Mr. Burr to be a dangerous man, and one who ought not to be trusted with the reins of government." The article also said that there were occasions when Hamilton had expressed an even "more despicable opinion of Burr." Burr demanded an apology. Hamilton refused. Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel and on July 11, 1804, in Weehawken, N.J. (dueling was illegal in N.Y.), Hamilton fired over Burr's head and Burr hit Hamilton in the abdomen. The bullet lodged in his spine and Hamilton died the next day. The forced sale of Alexander Hamilton's estate, mostly land, was not enough to satisfy his creditors, so a group of New Yorkers formed a Trust in order to pay his debts and provide for his family. The proposed amount to be raised was $100,000. This certificate was issued to Rufus King, one of the Trustees who signed this certificate. King and Gouverneur Morris signed the Constitution, as did Alexander Hamilton. Rufus King was the unsuccessful Federalist candidate for vice president in 1804 and 1808 and for president in 1816. Gouverneur Morris was Minister to France (1792-1794) and U.S. Senator (1800-1803); he delivered the eulogy at Hamilton's funeral. Egbert Benson was New York State's first attorney gen

eral (1777-1789) and a member of the Continental (1784, 1787, 1788) and U.S. Congress (1789-1793, 1813). Oliver Wolcott was Washington and Adams' secretary of the treasury (1795-1800) and Governor of Connecticut (1817-1827). Charles Wilkes was president of the Bank of New York for which Hamilton had acted as counsel. Anything relating to the Hamilton-Burr duel is extremely desirable and this document is in very fine condition.

James Hamilton Letter Signed as Lt. Governor of Pennsylvania, one page, 7.75" x 12.5", Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March 12, 1761, "to the Assembly". As Lt. Governor of Pennsylvania, Hamilton (ca. 1710-1783) here writes in part: "As I look upon His Majesty's Service, as well as the security of the Province to be nearly concern'd in your complying with General Amherst's requisition...I was in hopes, before this time, to have received an answer signifying your willingness to accede to the measure therein recommended. Which not having been the case: I am under the necessity of...urging to you a speedy compliance with the General's request of 'Three Hundred Men properly officer'd to serve as Garrisons at the several Forts & posts within the communication to Pittsburgh'...". Mild toning as expected, very fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

John Hancock Document Signed as Massachusetts Governor. One page, 16" x 12.5", partly printed, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, July 2, 1792. A military commission appointing Adolphus Spring "...Ensign of a Company in the fifth Regiment first Brigade of Seventh Division of this Commonwealth, comprehending the County of Worcester..." Signed beneath the paper seal (still present and complete) by Hancock and at the bottom by John Avery, Jr. as Secretary. Docketing on verso states that Spring "...subscribed the oath & declaration necessary to qualify him for the within office..." and is signed by Silvanus Town. Hancock was the first and third governor of Massachusetts and this document was signed near the end of his last term. Augustus Spring would have a famous descendant; his son, Marcus Spring, founded the Raritan Bay Union, a utopian community, in 1853 and then the Eagleswood Military Academy in 1861. The document is in fair condition with several folds and rough edges. The main vertical and horizontal folds are weak and mostly split (with minor glassine tape repairs on verso) affecting the clear bold signature. A document very well suited for the talents of a professional restorer. Estimated accordingly for condition.

Revolutionary War General Edward Hand War-Dated Autograph Document Signed Three Times Mentioning Declaration Signer Benjamin Harrison "E Hand" twice and "Edw Hand". Two pages, 6.5" x 8", February 1778, to Sgt. J. Baynton, Paymaster, requesting funds for officer pay and a detachment, ink. The first page begins with the last portion of a longer document written and signed by Hand. This first part reads "...and two days to return home agreeable to the within abstract for which. Given at Fort Pitt 10. Feby. 1778 E Hand". Just below this text, General Hand continues with another request to the paymaster, which reads: "Sir, Please to pay to Lt. Col. John Gibson of the 13th Virga. Regt. £226:1716 Pennsa. Currency it being for his pay as Lt. Col. of the above Regt. from the 15th Nov. 1776 to the 12. Feby. 1778 inclusive agreeable to the above account for which this shall be your Warrt. Given at Fort Pitt 12. Feby. 1778 E Hand". The reverse of the document reads, in full: "Sir, Please to pay to Capt Benj[ami]n Harrison £1001:17:2 Pennsa. Currency it being for the pay of a Detachment of the 13th Virga. Regt. Under the Comd. Of Lt. Col. Gibson stationed at Fort Pitt from the time of their Inlistment [sic] unto the 31st of May 1777 following inclusive agreeable to the above abstract for which this shall be your Warrt. Given at Fort Pitt 12. Feb. 1778 Edw Hand". General Hand was a farmer, physician, and Revolutionary War officer. As adjutant general of the Continental Army, he assisted General George Washington in the siege of Yorktown. Interestingly, the Captain Benjamin Harrison for whom General Hand requests pay in this document is the same Benjamin Harrison who signed the Declaration of Independence, served in the Continental Congress & as governor of Virginia, and fathered President William Henry Harrison (also the grandfather of President Benjamin Harrison). Capt. Harrison served in the 13th Virginia Regiment, also known as "The West Augusta Volunteers", and was commissioned a captain on December 16, 1776. Later, most of the 13th Virginia was with Washington's army at Valley Forge. Capt. Harrison's company, however, was serving with General Hand at Pittsburgh that difficult winter, when this very document was written. The document is in fine condition, with toning around the edges, but bold and clear ink remaining. An excellent ALS signed three times by a Revolutionary War general with content concerning a Declaration signer who was the progenitor of TWO American presidents!

Thomas Hartley Autograph Letter Signed "Thos Hartley," one page, 6" x 7.5". York Town, December 2, 1785. Integral leaf addressed by Hartley to "Stephen Chambers Esq/at/Lancaster/By Major/Clark." In part, "I am under the necessity of drawing upon you for the sum of thirty three Pounds to be paid by you to the Bearer Major John Clark who is to take it to Philadelphia to perform an Engagement of a most delicate nature..." At the bottom: Major John Clark Manuscript Receipt Signed "Jno Clark." In full, "3d Decr 1785 I acknowledge to have recd on the above order Twenty three pounds." Lightly soiled. Thomas Hartley was Colonel of the 6th Pennsylvania Regiment during the Revolutionary War in 1776 and commanded an expedition against the Indians in 1778. He represented Pennsylvania in the first six Congresses from 1789 until his death in 1800. Major John Clark was aide-de-camp to General Nathaniel Greene and Auditor of the Continental Army. He also supervised a spy network for General Washington during the war. Integral leaf has been reinforced at folds and inlaid to 7.5" x 9.75". Penciled notes by collector on letter. Fine condition.

Moses Hazen Autograph Letter Signed "Moses Hazen," two pages, 7.5" x 12". Manchester, [N.H.], October 16, 1783. With 12" x 7.5" leaf addressed by Hazen to "Colonel Timothy Bidle/at Haverhill on Connecticut/River at/Coos" In part, "I made a journey myself to New York. I found Mr. Apthrop to be well inclined to what we could wish at the same time he was diffident of his own judgement of the real value of the premises...he consult with his friend Mr Kelley the great land jobber on the matter...Mrs. Hazen is gone into Canada..." An officer in the French and Indian War, Moses Hazen was living in Canada at the start of the Revolutionary War and, in 1775, was arrested by both the Americans and the British as a spy. In 1776, he received a colonel's commission in the Continental Army and fought at Brandywine and Germantown. Promoted to Brigadier General in 1781, Hazen commanded a brigade under Lafayette during the Battle of Yorktown. Both the letter and the address leaf are lightly soiled with uneven toning folds, with slight separation at one fold on the address leaf. Fine condition.

Revolutionary War Date American Manuscript Document, "Pay & Subsistence Abstract for the Commissioned, Non-Commissioned Officers and Soldiers in the Regt of Guards Now in the Service of the United States Commanded by Colo. Jacob Gerrish for the Month of September 1778", four pages total, 8" x 12.75", with Autograph Endorsements Signed "W Heath", "Ebenr Hancock", "Jacob Gerrish" on a third page and docketing on the fourth page, Boston, Massachusetts, October 23, 1778. Fine condition. This fine manuscript details the men and costs associated with guarding British prisoners taken at Saratoga in 1777. The signatory Ebenezer Hancock was John Hancock's brother. Typically irregular edges, however a clean and sound military document.

Patrick Henry Autograph Letter Signed "P. Henry," three pages, 5.75" x 7", front and verso. [Richmond, Va.], June 19, 1788. In part, "Upon reading the Will of Israel Christian decd & the Notes or State accompanying it respecting Mrs. Christian's Claim to her annuity I am of opinion that she the Widow may qualify & act as Executriss of her late Husband if she chuses to do so, unless she has renounced...But the great Difficulty is how the annuity of 100£ is to be raised if the Money due from WC's Estate is insufficient as well as the remaining Estate of I.S. for that purpose because I consider the power of selling Land given by I.C. to W.C. as extinct by the Death of W.C. I believe the powers of the Chancery Courts over this Subject are not so far settled in this Country, either by any Law or by Precedents as to fix the Matter in Certainty. I incline to think that the Legislature alone are competent to the Appointment of a Trustee with the power of selling the Lands for the purpose of raising the annuity...The County Court may on motion direct 2 or 3 Gentn to make this settlement and altho' no regular ansr may appear yet by taking what in fact appears to be the Truth of the case, old Mrs. C's application to the Legislature or the Chancery will be justify'd from the apparent deficiency of Assets to satisfy her claim..."

Patrick Henry's term as Governor of Virginia had ended in 1786 and he returned to his law practice full-time. He was elected a member of the convention held in Richmond, June 2-27, 1788, to ratify the U.S. Constitution approved on September 17, 1787 in Philadelphia. The day Patrick Henry wrote this letter giving his legal opinion on a will, the members of the convention were discussing Article II of the proposed Constitution and the powers of the President. After the second clause of the second section was read to the delegates ("He shall have P

ower, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur."), Patrick Henry rose to speak. In part, from Debates in the Several State Conventions on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution compiled by Jonathan Elliot: "Mr. Henry begged gentlemen to consider the condition this country would be in if two thirds of a quorum should be empowered to make a treaty: they might relinquish and alienate territorial rights, and our most valuable commercial advantages...The power of making treaties, by this Constitution, ill-guarded as it is, extended farther than it did in any country in the world. Treaties were to have more force here than in any part of Christendom; for he defied any gentleman to show any thing so extensive in any strong, energetic government in Europe. Treaties rest, says [Henry], on the laws and usages of nations...To make them paramount to the Constitution and laws of the states, is unprecedented. I would give them the same force and obligation they have in Great Britain, or any other country in Europe. Gentlemen are going on in a fatal career; but I hope they will stop before they concede this power unguarded and unaltered." Henry was an outspoken critic of the Constitution and urged against its adoption, arguing it gave the federal government too much power. On June 25, 1788, Virginia ratified the U. S. Constitution. Patrick Henry voted "No." Folds, tiny holes where folds cross. Fine condition

Nicholas Herkimer Partly Printed Document Signed "Nicolas Herchhimer" and "Adam Klock," one page, 7.75" x 6". New York, February 23, 1773. In part, "This bill bindeth me Adam Clock [sic] of Canajoham in Tryon County & Province of New York unto John V. Donn of Albany and Province of New York in the Sum of thirty one Pounds two Shilling and five pence lawful Money of the Province aforesaid..." The bill was "Sealed and Delivered in Presence of" Nicholas Herkimer. Born in a German area of what is today Herkimer County, New York, circa 1728, Nicholas Herkimer was a militia captain in the French and Indian War. In 1775, he headed the Tryon County Committee of Safety and became Colonel of the county militia, later becoming Brigadier General in the State militia. Adam Klock, born in 1738, was also a member of the Tryon County Committee of Safety and the county militia. In July 1777, upon learning of the siege of Fort Stanwix, Herkimer assembled the county militia at Fort Dayton, 28 miles east, and began his march to Fort Stanwix. On August 6, 1777, near present day Oriskany, his militia of about 700 soldiers and about 60 Oneida Indians was ambushed by a force of British troops and mostly Mohawk and Seneca Indians. His horse was shot from under him and Herkimer was seriously wounded. Adam Klock was killed. Resting against a tree, Herkimer continued to direct his troops. After the battle, he was carried home and his right leg was amputated. On August 16, 1777, General Herkimer died from complications resulting from the surgery. There were many variants of the way Herkimer signed his name; his parents spelled it Herchheimer. His autograph is extremely rare in any form. The document has a small paper repair on verso and there is minor chipping at the side edges. There is a diagonal fold in the upper left corner. Darkly signed by both Herkimer and Klock, the docu

ment is in fine condition.

Joseph Hewes Exceedingly Rare Autograph Document Signed "Joseph Hewes" three times. One page, 9" x 13.75". [Edenton, North Carolina], July 3, 1779. Headed: "A Schedule of the Taxable Property of Joseph Hewes exclusive/ of what he has in Co. with Robt Smith & Nathl. Allen." In full, "120 Acres of Land adjoining The Town, House & Kitchen thereon/ 2 Lots opposite to No. 190 & 191 in the New plan of the Town with Ware Houses Wharf &c./ 1 Lott No. 13 - Stores Kitchen Stable &c. thereon/ 50 acres of Land & House thereon adjoining McGraths Land./ Negroes Viz,/ Frank, a Cripple has not done a days work for 12 months past/ Cuff, a Cripple has not done a days work for 12 months past/ Gun about 45 years old/ Will upwards of 50 years old/ Sam about 35 years old/ Tancy a wench about 25 years old/ Peter a child 6 months old/ Flora a wench about 40 years old/ Peg a Girl 12 years old/ Mourning a Girl 7 years old/ Joan a Girl 4 years old/ Mirtilla a Girl 3 [years old]/ Rachel a wench 25 years old/ Sam a Child 4 years old/ Hannah a Girl 2 years old/ Betty a wench about 40 years old/ a Plantation in Tynel containing 225 acres no House on it/ delivered to William Bennett Esqr." On verso, Hewes has penned, "Joseph Hewes's/ Taxable property 1779." A few days before his wedding, Joseph Hewes' fiancée died suddenly. He remained a bachelor for the rest of his life. At the start of the American Revolution, Hewes, a successful ship owner and merchant, put his entire fleet at the disposal of the Continental Navy. As Secretary of the Naval Affairs committee of the Continental Congress, he was, in effect, America's first Secretary of the Navy. A member of the Continental Congress (1774-1776) and a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Hewes accepted reelection to Congress in 1779 despite health problems. Just four months before his death in Philadelphia at age 49, Hewes handwrote and signed this schedule of his estate. Lightly stained, the entire document has been expertly strengthened with crepeline for preservation and is in fine condition. According to Charles Hamilton in Collecting Autographs and Manuscripts, "Hewes' autograph is of great scarcity. Of the fifty-six immortals who signed the Declaration of Independence, only a few are harder to obtain." This remarkable document bears three signatures of Joseph Hewes!

Revolutionary War: Roswell Hopkins Autograph Letter Signed "Roswell Hopkins," one page, 7.25" x 6". Amenia, March 25, 1780. To George Clinton, Commander in Chief of all the Militia (and Governor of New York). In full, "I Roswell Hopkins Colonel of a Regiment of Militia in Dutchess County State of New York, Do Complain off, and Charge Lieutenant William Chamberlain of Capt. Colbe Chamberlains Company my Regiment under arrest with Refusing to do his Duty in October last when ordered by General Orders to march to the Fifth Mills with the Detachment of Militia. Also for abusing me in an Infamous false and Scandelous manner beneath the Character of an Officer and a Gentleman." Col. Roswell Hopkins (1757-1829) fought in the Battles of Saratoga and Bennington. Settling in Vermont after the war, he served as Clerk of the General Assembly (1779-1787), and Secretary of State (1788-1802). Lieut. William Chamberlain (1745-1810) was one of the Committee of Safety of Amenia and a signer of the Association Pledge. He also fought at Saratoga and Bennington in his brother Colbe Chamberlain's Company in Col. Roswell Hopkins' Regiment. Small hole in blank left margin. Lightly soiled. Fine condition.

Declaration of Independence Signer Francis Hopkinson DS, "F Hopkinson", partially printed document, one page, 8.5" x 4", New Hampshire, November 1, 1779, a bill of exchange signed by Hopkinson as Treasurer of Loans. Uneven margins, very mildly toned and in near fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Declaration Signer Francis Hopkinson Autograph Letter Signed "Fras Hopkinson/ Treas. of Loans,". One page, 8" x 9.25". Philadelphia, January16, 1779. Portion of integral leaf is present, addressed by Hopkinson to "Nathaniel Appleton Esquire/Commissioner of Loans for the/State of Massachusetts Bay/at Boston." In full, "I transmit you pr Mr. James Brewer the following Loan Office Bills of Exchange 200 Setts for 120 Dollr each No. 447 to 646 = 24,000 Dollars for the Use of the Continental Loan Office in the State of Massachusetts Bay. For which please to send me duplicate Receipts." From time to time, Hopkinson would send Appleton funds for use in financing the war effort. On January 16, 1779, the very day Hopkinson wrote this letter, the Continental Congress ordered "That a warrant issue on the treasurer, in favour of Nathaniel Eustis, upon the application of Doctor Isaac Forster, deputy director general of the eastern district, agreeable to his letter of the 28 December last, for twenty five thousand dollars; and That another warrant issue on Nathaniel Appleton, Esq. commissioner of the continental loan office, in the State of Massachusetts bay, in favour of the said Doctor Isaac Forster, for fifty thousand dollars; for which two sums, amounting to seventy five thousand dollars, the said deputy director general is to be accountable; it being for the use of his department." Francis Hopkinson served as Treasurer of the Continental Loan Office from 1778-1781. Nathaniel Appleton was the Commissioner of the U.S. Loan Office from 1778-1791 and a founder of the Massachusetts Medical Society. The left portion of the letter is lightly toned and there is slight chipping at the right edge. A thin strip of white paper attaches the left edge of the letter to the address panel of the integral leaf. Overall, the letter is in very good condition.

Francis Hopkinson Document Signed, "Fr. Hopkinson". One page, 8" x 4.25", (np), September, 13, 1779, a bill of exchange signed by Hopkinson while he was Treasurer of Loans for the Continental Congress. Francis Hopkinson was a signer of the Declaration of Independence as a delegate from New Jersey and played a key role in the design of the first American flag. Irregular margins, light toning, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection

Robert Howe Manuscript Letter Signed "Robt Howe" with important 12 word handwritten postscript, one page, 6.5" x 8". [To Brigadier General George Clinton, Governor of New York.] West Point, June 20, 1781. In full, "I send you under Guard John Hennesey [sic] of your Line who has been sentenced to Death by a Court Martial - The enclos'd Extract from his Excellency Genl Washington's Letter to me, I transmit for your Government." Howe adds in his handwriting: "I should be glad if you can spare the life of Henesey." On June 8, 1780, General Washington had written to Major General Howe from his Head Quarters in New Windsor, in part, "John Henesey a Soldier of the 2d N York Regiment, you will be pleased to send under a proper Guard to Albany, to the Direction of Brigr Genl Clinton, by him to be brot to Execution, or pardoned, as the Genl on Consideration of Circumstances, shall think proper. Inclosed is the Proceedings of the Court Martial of the 5th. June instant. " Howe was Commander of the Southern Department (1777-1778) and served with General Washington in 1779. He commanded Fort West Point in 1780 and 1781. Blank portion missing at top left. Fine condition.

David Humphreys: 1786 Autograph Letter Signed Regarding Shay's Rebellion "C. D. Humphreys". Two pages, 7.75" x 12.5", December 18, 1786, Hartford, Connecticut, to Governor Samuel Huntington of Connecticut reporting on difficulties recruiting militia to suppress Shay's Rebellion. David Humphreys (1752 - 1818) was a Revolutionary War colonel and aide de camp to George Washington, American ambassador to Portugal and then to Spain, entrepreneur who brought Merino sheep to America and member of the Connecticut state legislature. This ALS is an important communication from the Connecticut officer who would lead the only Congressionally-mandated expedition against Shay's Rebellion. The small force assembled under his command constituted the only troops (besides Massachusetts) mobilized in response to Congress' call. Here, Humphries reports on officer resignations underscoring the difficulties even Connecticut had in assembling a body of soldiers: "It has not been in my power, before the present moment, to inform your Excellency of all the resignations which have taken place together with the names of such persons as might be proper to fill their vacancies. Captains Clift & Robinson, Lieut. Hart & Ensign Keller have declined accepting their appointments. After making unsuccessful overtures to Captn. Rodgers, M. Benjamins & Mr. Mix to know whether they would accept of Captaincies, in case of appointment: - I beg leave to recommend, to your Excellency, the following Gentlemen to supply the following vacancies, viz.-- Captain Moses Cleveland (of Canterbury) to be Captain... Lieut. Joseph Wilcox (now in Serving at West Point) to be Captn... Mr. Russel Bissel (of Windsor, formerly a Lt. in the State Service recommended by Capt. Buell to whom Compy be may be annexed) to be Lieutenant... Tho' no public money has been advanced, several Officers have made considerable progress in inlisting men. About twenty Recruits have arrived in this Town, where I have made arrangements with Colo. Wadsworth to furnish them will all necessary supplies. Being desirous of forwarding as much as possible the recruiting Service; and in hopes that Your Excellency (agreeably to your polite intimation) may be pleased to signify to me, at this place, your approbation of the foregoing nomination; I shall not delay to forward recruiting Instructions to those Gentlemen, to be made use of as soon as they shall be duly authorised thereto..."

Shay's rebellion threatened not only Massachusetts but the neighboring states of New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Connecticut. The possibility of a seizure of the federal arsenal at Springfield by Daniel Shays and his followers could have undermined the entire Union. The Continental Congress, fearful of a general agrarian revolt, requested the states to contribute to a force to suppress the rebellion authorizing the raising of 1800 troops to march into Western Massachusetts. The states were slow to comply, and most did not bother at all, starkly illustrating the weakness of the Articles of Confederation and bolstered the position of those who advocated a stronger central government. Located directly to the South, Connecticut was more immediately threatened than most. Nevertheless, although the state authorized raising it's share of the 2040 requested by Congress (which was a mere 180 men), it did not provide for funds to pay them. Hence, recruitment was frustratingly slow as noted here by Colonel Humphreys. Not finding adequate funds from the state, Humphries applied directly to Congress for financial support. Without a national treasury, Congress was unable to comply. And the small force assembled in Hartford quickly withered. Similarly challenged, Massachusetts began raising its own militia of 4400 soldiers under the command of Benjamin Lincoln on January 4, 1787. In the end it was a tiny force of 124 men under Humphreys' command that constituted the only outside help given to Massachusetts to suppress the rebellion. He arrived on February 14 in Springfield to relieve the local militia stationed at the federal arsenal. By that point, Shays and his followers had been scattered, but many continued to conduct minor raids in the countryside. The arrival of Connecticut troops allowed Massachusetts forces to further secure the countryside. Reinforced along left margin with tissue, light creases, portrait toned into first page, else fine. A most interesting and unusual piece of manuscript Americana related to Shays' rebellion. Material like this is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain in the market today.

Revolutionary War Colonel David Humphreys Letter Signed. Two pages, 7.5" x 9", marked copy, Madrid, Spain, July 11, 1800, to William Eaton, Consul General of the United States of America, Tunis. In this great content letter Humphreys, a former colonel in the Revolutionary War and General George Washington's aide de camp, writes the consul general in Tunis and transmits information from the Secretary of State regarding the "Barbary affairs". The letter addresses certain preparations for supplying and fortifying Algiers "...instead of a common ship intended for Algiers this spring, with merchandise for reestablishing our funds there, one of our frigates is getting ready to take in timber and natural and military stores, as well as merchandise...she will of course leave on shore some of her guns & men: but she will remain well armed & manned". Humphreys also informs Consul Eaton that "...Mr. Pickering was dismissed from the office of Sec. of State the 9th of May about which time our Sec. of War McHenry resigned his office; the former has been superseded by General Marshall, late one of our envoys to France; and the latter by Samuel Dexter, Esq. of Massachusetts." As a side note of historical interest it was during his time in Spain that Humphreys bought a herd of merino sheep and exported them back to the United States. Humphreys considered the wool to be superior and products made from their wool became something of a status symbol and as such Humphreys is considered the founder of the woolen industry in America. The paper has toned, with some fading, the usual fold creases, and a paper loss from removal of the wax seal, else a historical letter in near fine condition.

Jared Ingersoll Autograph Letter Signed "J. Ingersoll," half-page, 7.75" x 9.75". [Philadelphia], June 12, 1804. Addressed on verso by Ingersoll to "Jon Smith Esqr/ Cashier of the Bank of/ Penna." In full, "Be good enough to take charge of the inclosed. I pay $200." Ingersoll has added, "Mr Smith...please to lay the inclosed and before the Board - I believe it is correct..." Jared Ingersoll, a signer of the Constitution, was the first Attorney General of Pennsylvania (1790-1799, 1811-1817) and the unsuccessful Federalist candidate for Vice President in 1812. In 1798, $162,821 was taken from the vaults of the Bank of Pennsylvania. Blacksmith Patrick Lyon had recently changed fittings and locks on two iron vault doors at the bank and he was arrested and imprisoned for three months. Someone else then confessed and returned all but $2000, but Lyon remained in jail for several weeks. In 1805, Lyon sued officers of the bank, including chief bank cashier Jonathan Smith who was sure of Lyon's guilt, and that he had made an extra key. Smith had vowed to keep him in jail. Jared Ingersoll was one of Smith's lawyers. The jury returned with a verdict awarding $12,000 to the blacksmith for false imprisonment. To avoid an appeal and retrial, Lyon accepted $9,000. There is light show-through of Ingersoll's writing and a portion of the paper was removed at the right edge when it was opened at the seal. Overall, in fine condition.

William Johnson Autograph Letter Signed" "W Johnson," one page, 8.25" x 11.5". Johnson Hall, January 22, 1770. Addressed on verso by Johnson "To/Major Jeles Fonda/Coghnawage." In full, "I should be glad you would with the first Snow or good riding send the best Battoe of mine to Sacondaga, with all the Tools belonging to her, and three paddling paddles more, w[hic]h you can buy, let her be delivered to Jacob Harris with the Tools. - please to send me a pair of Womens leather shoes larger than the last, but not of the very largest size." After Johnson addressed and sealed his letter, he added and initialed a postscript beneath the red wax seal: "have you got the Turkeys you were pleased to say you would get for me. W.J." Johnson Hall, built in 1763 and located northwest of the present city of Johnstown, N.Y., was Sir William Johnson's home until his death in 1774. Caughnawaga was the principal village of the Mohawk nation and Sir William Johnson was the Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Northern Colonies of British America from 1755 until his death. He had served as Major General in the British forces during the French and Indian War. His estate in the Mohawk River Valley covered over 400,000 acres. Molly Brant, sister of Mohawk leader Joseph Brant, was Johnson's common law wife and aided the Loyalist cause during the Revolutionary War; they had eight children. The "Womens leather shoes" were most probably for her. Penciled notations by collector in lower blank area. Minor tears at right edge. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection

William Samuel Johnson Autograph Letter Signed "Wm Saml Johnson," one page, 7.5" x 6". [Connecticut], April 12, 1754, to Thomas Seymour, Hartford. In full, "Mr. Olmsted tells me there are some hopes that his affairs with Mr. Holland & Messrs Ludlow may be settled. You will therefore consider whether it be not best to suffer a continuance in the two Cases on Bond & one on Note." William Samuel Johnson, a signer of the Constitution, served as a delegate to the Stamp Act Congress held in New York City in October 1765. From 1785-1787, he represented Connecticut in the Continental Congress and in the U.S. Senate from 1789-1791. A graduate of Yale (1744) and Harvard (1747), Johnson was the first President of Columbia College from 1787-1800. Mounting strip affixed to the left edge of the letter which is in very fine condition.

Rufus King Autograph Letter Signed "Rufus King," one page, 7.75" x 10". Senate Chamber, February 13, 1824. To Augustus Fleming Esqr. In full, "In reply to your letter of the 10th I request you to state to Mr Low, my wish that the money which he proposes to pay me, may be paid into the Bank of New York to my credit." Rufus King, a signer of the Constitution, represented Massachusetts in the Continental Congress (1784-1787) then moved to New York, and served as U.S. Senator (1789-1796, 1813-1825). King, Minister to Great Britain (1796-1803, 1825-1826), unsuccessfully ran as Federalist Charles C. Pinckney's running mate for vice president in 1804 and 1808 and against Monroe for President in 1816. Folds and slightly stained, the letter is in fine condition.

Henry Knox Manuscript Document Signed "H Knox/Secy of War," one page, 7.75" x 9.5". War Department, July 3, 1793. In full, "Lieutenant Staats Morris of the Artillery is hereby directed to repair to Georgia with all expedition by the way of New York and put himself under the orders of Major Gaither." Henry Knox served as Washington's first Secretary of War from 1789-1794 after serving in the same position under the Articles of Confederation from 1785-1789. Staats Morris had been appointed Lieutenant in the Battalion of Artillery by President Washington in 1791. In 1795, he was promoted to Captain. Partial separation at edges of horizontal folds. Fine condition.

Tadeusz Kosciuszko Partly Printed Document Signed "T Kosciuszko," one page, 6.5" x 8". Camp at Przybyszow, June 20, 1794. In Polish, translated. Filled out by Kosciuszko. In full, "With this letter I declare that I nominate Lieutenant Michal Narkiewicz from First King's Regiment as a captain, being in effect after resignation of Captain Szczakowski. I know that he is an excellent soldier and I would like to encourage him to continue his service to Poland. This letter authorizes him to all the benefits, for his entire lifetime. I order all generals and all the other higher officers to recognize citizen Michal Narkiewicz as a new captain in First King's Regiment and order all the others to respect his new title. I confirm this with my signature and the official seal of National Alliance." Official "Wolnosc/ Calosc i/ Niepodleglosc" ("Liberty/ Unity and/ Independence") seal stamped at bottom center. In 1772, weakened by a civil war, the Poland-Lithuania commonwealth agreed to a treaty signed by neighboring states Russia, Prussia, and Austria which resulted in the loss of about 25% of its territory and population. In 1793, Poland-Lithuania was forced to cede additional lands to Russia and Prussia. On March 24, 1794, in Krakow's Market Square, after being given total command of Polish forces, Tadeusz Kosciuszko called for a national uprising, promising to restore Poland's borders, sovereignty, and freedom. He quickly began to improve his army of 10,000 to 15,000, less than the number of Russian soldiers in Poland-Lithuania. Kosciuszko began a system of conscription with peasants added to existing regiments. The farmers straightened the angled blades of their scythes into straight points and formed the Kosinierzy (scythe-bearer) units. With 4,000 regular troops and 2,000 Kosinierzy, Kosciuszko marched towards Warsaw and, on April 4, 1794, at Raclawice, he met a larger Russian force led by General Tomasow. Using techniques he had learned in the American Revolution, Kosciuszko used his regular troops as a distraction while the Kosinierzy advanced unnoticed until they were a few hundred yards from Russian artillery. The Polish victory was swift. They captured the Russian cannons and pushed the enemy into retreat. Thousands of peasants throughout the commonwealth joined the Polish army. By the end of April, there were rebellions in Warsaw, Vilna, and other large towns. On May 7, 1794, Kosciuszko announced the Manifesto of Polaniec which reduced the number of serfs and the service time owed by peasants. In June, he led his army of 13,000 towards the Russian forces but, on June 6, 1794, opposed by the King of Prussia at the head of 40,000 men, he was defeated at Szczekociny. On June 15th, the Prussians took Krakow. This military appointment was personally filled out and signed by Kosciuszko just five days later. In September, Kosciuszko occupied Warsaw but he was defeated on October 10, 1794, in the Battle of Maciejowice and taken prisoner. In 1795, the Polish Republic experienced its third and final division and disappeared from the map of Europe. Almost 20 years earlier, while in France, Kosciuszko had been recruited by Silas Deane and Benjamin Franklin to come to America. He arrived in August 1776 and joined the Continental Army as a volunteer. On October 18, 1776, the Continental Congress "Resolved, That Thaddeus Kosciuszko, Esq., be appointed an engineer in the service of the United States, with the pay of sixty dollars a month, and the rank of colonel." In 1783, in recognition of his dedicated and faithful service, recommended by Secretary at War Benjamin Lincoln, he was brevetted by the Continental Congress to the rank of brigadier general. There is a minor tear at the bottom repaired on verso. In America, Kosciuszko fought in a revolution; in 1794, he led one. This document was penned during the Kosciuszko Uprising. It would make a superb addition to any military collection. With light folds, it is in very fine condition.

Marquis de Lafayette Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 6.5" x 8", in French, Lagrange, March 23 (no year included). Sent to a "Monsieur de Pougins" in Paris, this letter was written after Lafayette's return to France following his participation in the American Revolution (1777-79 and 1781). In 1787, Lafayette again would become involved in revolutionary activities, this time in his native country. The letter has been elaborately matted with a 4" x 6.5" etching of Lafayette and the cut address, 3.75" x 2.5", of the recipient, and framed to a size of 31" x 27". The letter is in good condition with minor tearing along the right margin.

John Langdon Autograph Letter Signed "John Langdon," one page, 8" x 9.75". Portsmouth, N.H., February 11, 1807. Integral leaf addressed by Langdon to "His Excellency/ Christor. Greenup/ Governor of the State of/ Kentucky/ Frankfort" with faint Portsmouth postmark. Signer of the Constitution John Langdon, as governor of New Hampshire, acknowledges receipt of Kentucky Governor Christopher Greenup's letter enclosing "a copy of several resolutions agreed to by the Legislature of the State of Kentucky which I shall with pleasure lay before the Legislature of this State...The late conduct of our Sister Western States must have given general satisfaction throughout the Union." Christopher Greenup served as Governor of Kentucky from 1804-1808. Langdon was Governor of New Hampshire from 1785-1786, 1788-1789, 1805-1809, and 1810-1812. On April 6, 1789, John Langdon was elected the first President pro tempore of the Senate in order that the Senate might organize to count the electoral vote for president and vice president of the United States. John Adams wasn't sworn in as Vice President and President of the Senate until April 21, 1789. Tipped to an 8.75" x 11" sheet. Fine condition.

Charles Lee Manuscript Document Signed "Charles Lee," one page, 8" x 4.75". Philadelphia, April 12, 1779. In full, "I have this Day sold to Messr Jeremiah Warden & Comy a Sett of Exchange for one hundred Pounds Sterlg drawn by me on Mr. Jonathan Gaston London at thirty Days sight for which I promise in Case of a Protest to repay them with Interest and Charges of Protest by a good and sufficient Bill on London when demanded and not otherwise." On verso is an endorsement by Jeremiah Warden & Company dated October 19, 1779. This financial document was signed by Lee exactly eight months after being court-martialed in August 1778 for disobeying General Washington's orders to attack during the the Battle of Monmouth. Lee continued to openly criticize Washington and was dismissed from the army on January 10, 1780. The document bears folds and is slightly nicked at edges. Overall, it's in fine condition.

Henry Lee Partly Printed Document Signed "Henry Lee" as Governor of Virginia, one page, 7.25" x 12.5". Richmond, May 9, 1793. Appointment of Andrew Ervin as Lieutenant in the first Battalion of the 32nd Regiment of Militia "upon the Recommendation of the Court of the County of Augusta." Embossed paper seal affixed to left of Lee's bold signature. Autograph Document Signed "J Kinney C AC" on verso attesting that Ervin was sworn in as lieutenant in September 1793. Jacob Kinney served as Clerk of Augusta County from 1792-1809. Known as "Light Horse Harry" because of his achievements in the Revolutionary War, Henry Lee, father of Robert E. Lee, was Governor of Virginia from 1791-1794. He was commissioned Major General in 1798 and served in Congress from 1799-1801. At the request of Congress, Lee delivered President Washington's eulogy in which he characterized Washington as "First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." Repaired at mid-horizontal fold on verso. Fine condition.

Richard Henry Lee Autograph Letter Signed "Richard Henry Lee" as President of the United States in Congress Assembled, with postscript signed "R.H.L.," four pages, 7.25" x 9", front and verso. New York, February 7, 1785. Recipient isn't named, but by content, it is most probably William Whipple, Signer of the Declaration of Independence. In part, "It is a long time now since I have had the pleasure to hear from you yet there is no man living whom I wish more to hear from. When I am at home, my situation being removed both from the Post and from such places as Vessels usually stop at has in great degree discouraged me from writing because I reflect on the uncertainty of my letters ever reaching their destination. But you my friend are placed more fortunately, from your place Vessels come to Potomac & Rappahanock rivers every now & then, and they would bring Letters safely so that they would reach me. I shall always receive them with much thankfulness, and I shall always answer them when it is in my power...Since I came to Congress, the circumstances of ill health, and excessive overcharge of business, have concerned to delay the execution of my determined purpose of beginning a correspondence with you upon my arrival at Congress. Remembering that you were fond of chewing Tob. I did very early in the last year pack up a Band of my best Tobacco made up into Twists for chewing...As I was on my way to Congress, at Alexandria I met with a Capt. James Barr of Salem just ready to sail for Salem, and upon his informing me that frequent opportunities offerd from Salem to Portsmouth, and promising to call as he went down the river for the Band of Tobacco and convey it safely to you, I gave him an order for it and have heard nothing since upon the subject. Pray have you received it or heard anything about it?...

"We have little news here -that which is foreign is entirely confined to the quarrel between the Emperor and Holland - Blows had certainly been exchanged, but the winter intervening the better opinion is, that the negotiations in that season of inactivity in the field, will terminate the dispute amicably. For the sake of humanity it is to be wished. A variety of other business has hitherto prevented us from going into the consideration of revenue matters - indeed there being no Treasury Officers since the resignation of Mr. Morris has been one cause of delay in this most important of all our concerns - Mr. Osgood of Boston, Mr. Garvais of Charlestown, & Mr. Walter Livingston of this City are the present chosen Commissioners of the Treasury, and we wait their answers whether they accept or not. The Trade between us & Great Britain & their W. Indies - the territorial dispute about St. Croix, the detention of the Western Posts, and some other subjects of doubt will render it indispensable that we should send soon an Able, Honest, Conciliating Minister to the Court of London. Both that Court and the Nation are so beset with American Refugees & Tories, who are constantly calumniating these States that they will keep the two Countries in perpetual hot water and prevent any amicable settlement between us. The presence of such a Minister as I have described will banish a Myriad of those Miscreants. [On February 24, 1785, 17 days later, Congress elected John Adams as the first U.S. Minister plenipotentiary, to represent the United States of America at the Court of Great Britain.] When the Commissioners who are now treating with the Western Indians shall have finished that business, I expect that we shall proceed in Congress to take measures for benefiting the United States by the Sale of some part of that moist fertile and extensive region that has been yielded to the U.S. by Virginia. I am much concerned to hear that you are afflicted with a disorder in your breast - suppose you were to take a Voyage to Virginia next Fall and pass your next winter there - We shall be very happy in your company, and your health will probably be much benefitted by the voyage..." In a postscript signed with initials Lee asks "What is the price pr. pound of Spermacate Candles at Portsmouth, is it the best place of getting them?"

William Whipple (1730-1785) represented New Hampshire in the Continental Congress from 1775-1779 and, with Richard Henry Lee and 54 others, signed the Declaration of Independence. Whipple had declined reelection to Congress and returned to New Hampshire where he served as financial receiver for New Hampshire from 1782-1784 and Associate Judge of the Superior Court of N.H. from 1782 until his death. After what was then described as "a painful and lingering illness," William Whipple died on November 28, 1785. It was his wish that an autopsy be performed to see what had caused his pain and the results showed hardening of the arteries leading to his heart. In this letter, Lee writes he is "concerned to hear that you are afflicted with a disorder in your breast." Richard Henry Lee (1732-1794) served in the Continental Congress from 1774-1779 and again from 1784-1785 and in 1787. From November 30, 1784 to November 22, 1785, the period during which he sent this letter, he was President of the United States in Congress Assembled. There are nicks where the horizontal folds meet the edges and miniscule holes at the folds of the first sheet. It is enclosed in acid-free Mylar. This magnificent letter in fine condition, from one Signer to another, about the problems facing the Continental Congress, would be a superb addition to any collection of American autographs.

Richard Henry Lee Autograph Letter Signed "Richd Heny Lee". Two pages, 8" x 9.25", Chantilly, Virginia, December 6th and 8th, 1773 to Robert Carter. A fine content letter from the Pennsylvania Signer concerning the Gaspée Affair and Virginia's response to the incident. In 1772, the HMS Gaspee ran aground while chasing a suspected smuggler, the Hannah. After the British ship ran aground, a mob attacked the vessel, stripping it of its valuables and then burned it to the waterline. The government in London reacted by commissioning a special court, outside of colonial jurisdiction, to try the ringleaders. The prospect of an outside court so alarmed the Virginia House of Burgesses, that the body formed an inter-colonial committee of correspondence to consult on the crisis and organize a response with other colonial assemblies. Lee writes, "...There has been no meeting of our Assembly since the Session that appointed a committee for corresponding with the other colonies. The effect of that Correspondence I am yet a Stranger to, living at a great distance from Williamsburg and no meeting of the Committee having yet been called... I am happy in agreeing perfectly with yourself and Mr. Dickinson concerning the Rhode Island business, and I suppose, when the collected information from the several Colonies, and their opinions on this subject are made known to our Assembly, it will produce such resolutions as are fitted to show their detestation of, and opposition to such Tyranious [sic] proceedings..." These committees of correspondence formed the organizational fabric critical to the success of the revolutionary movement. Lee continues his discussion two days later explaining the logic of convening the Virginia assembly in the late spring as opposed to the winter citing greater costs to the pubic as well as the planting schedule: "Besides these reasons, it is absolutely certain that more business is done in one May day, than in two Winger ones. The shortness of the days...the badness of the weather, and sickliness of the Members...make the public affairs to go slowly and badly on..." As a delegate to the Continental Congress, it was Lee (1732-94), who put forward the resolution "That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved" on June 7, 1776. Letter has been professionally restored including silking to mend separations. Tightly trimmed affecting the date at top and first line of writing on verso; lightly toned with bold ink and in very good condition. An important piece of history. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Thomas S. Lee Letter Signed "Tho. S. Lee" as Governor of Maryland. Two pages, 7.75" x 9.5", Annapolis, September 16, 1794 concerning the use of the Baltimore Artillery in suppressing the Whiskey Rebellion. He writes, in most part: "An unwillingness to occasion the great inconvenience and injury to private affairs, which flow from an unlimited acceptance of the Services of the two companies of Baltimore Artillery, and an equal disinclination to damp the Patriotic Spirit shown by these Corps, by declining any precise part of the number, or by making any discrimination between the companies, have hitherto prevented me from making arrangements on this subject. And want of time made me overlook it in answering your letter yesterday, upon full consideration I accept in the first place the offer of Service from both the companies, but shall be content with the immediate service of one half of them, to be relieved...by the remainder at some convenient season. The designation of those who are to take the first tour both officers and men I leave to your, but wish you to consult the officers and to arrange the whole affair with as little dissatisfaction as possible, to those public Spirited Citizens, whose behaviour [sic] entitles them to every indulgence and to the greatest praise..." It is unknown whether the Baltimore Artillery participated in the westward march to put down the 1794 Whiskey Rebellion. However, this letter is a testament to the popular reaction on the eastern seaboard to the news of the tax revolt in western Pennsylvania. This piece is laid into a lager sheet, light folds and toning, else fine. Ex-Walter Benjamin, 1950. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Declaration of Independence Signer Francis Lewis DS, "Fra Lewis", one page with verso docketing, 7.5" x 6", New York City, March 5, 1790. This document avers that a mortgage has been settled. Witnessing signatories are Robert Benson and Oliver Glean. Slightly uneven edges, fine condition. Francis Lewis represented New York in the Continental Congress. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Patriot Benjamin Lincoln Partly-Printed Document Signed, "B. Lincoln Collr", countersigned by James Lovell, one page with verso docketing, 7.5" x 12", Boston, Massachusetts, August 3, 1792. A legal statement regarding the ownership of the schooner Elsa. Imprinted with an early American eagle and bearing two paper seals. Toned with tiny splits on smoothed folds. Very good condition.
Benjamin Lincoln (1733-1810) was employed as port collector for Boston and Charleston after the American Revolution. He was formerly a general in the Continental Army and served as Secretary of War, 1781-1783.

Edward Livingston Autograph Letter Signed "Edward Livingston," one page, 7.25" x 9". New York, November 26, 1785. To "His Excellency Genl. Washington." In full, "I have the honor of introducing to your acquaintance the Count de Castiglioni an Italian Nobleman who has been well recommended to many Gentlemen in this City and and [sic] appears to be a man whose conversation will justify the liberty I take in bringing him acquainted with Your Excellency. My Mother and Sisters beg to be remembered to Your Excellency & Mrs. Washington." Docketed on verso by George Washington: "From/ Edwd Livingston Esq/ 26th Novr 1785." Edward Livingston was only 21-years-old when he wrote this letter of introduction to General Washington. He was the son of America's first Secretary of Foreign Affairs (1781-1783) Robert R. Livingston who, less than four years later, as Chancellor of the State of New York, would swear in Washington as the first president of the United States. Milanese nobleman and amateur botanist Count Luigi Castiglioni had sailed from London for America on April 13, 1785, "to make an abundant collection of seeds" as well as to see the new nation first hand because, as he said, it may "in time produce important consequences for Europe." He landed in Boston May 17, 1785 and left New York for home on May 16, 1787. In his Viaggio: Travels in the United States of North America, 1785-87, written in Milan in 1790, translated into English in 1983, the 29-year-old Count mentions meeting Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and other famous Americans. Representing New York in Congress from 1795-1801, Livingston was a vocal opponent of Jay's Treaty of 1794 and introduced the resolution calling upon President Washington for all papers relating to the treaty. He later served as mayor of New York City (1801-1803) and moved to New Orleans where he was elected to represent Louisiana in the House (1823-1829) and the Senate (1829-1831). He served as Jackson's Secretary of State from 1831-1833 and Minister to France (1833-1835). The letter is in very fine condition.

Robert R. Livingston Manuscript Letter Signed" "Robt R. Livingston," two pages, 7.5" x 12.25", front and verso. Philadelphia. The upper right portion which contained the date has been inexplicably cut off and crudely repaired with tape upon which a collector has written, in pencil, "Feby - 1782." By content, this letter was written in early February 1782 to His Excellency Geo: Clinton, Esqr, Governor of New York. In part, "I do myself the honor to transmit your Excellency several resolutions of Congress which having a reference to the department of foreign affairs, are in course to go thro' this Office...While we hold an intercourse with civilized nations, we must conform to laws which humanity has established, and custom consecrated among them - On this the rights which the United States or their citizens may claim in foreign countries must be founded - The resolution No. 2 passed Congress in consequence of a convention about to be concluded between His most Christian Majesty [King Louis XVI of France] and the United States of America, which affords an additional reason for paying it the earliest attention - Your Excellency if the legislature will see the propriety of rendering the Laws on these Subjects as simple and the execution of them as expeditious as possible, since foreigners who are the great object of them are easily disgusted at complex systems which they find a difficulty in understanding - and the honor of peace of a nation are frequently as much wounded by a delay as by a denial of justice. The resolution No. 3 relates to your boundaries & is designed as one means of ascertaining the territorial rights of the United States collectively which can only be accurately known by each State's exhibiting its claims & the evidence on which they found them...direct that authentic copies...of all grants, charters, maps, treaties with the natives...be transmitted to this office..." Robert R. Livingston was the first U. S. Secretary for Foreign Affairs, serving from October 20, 1781 to June 4, 1783. On January 25, 1782, Congress passed "resolution No. 2": "Resolved, That it be recommended to the several legislatures of these United States, to provide by law for the establishment of a speedy mode of administering justice between subjects of his Most Christian Majesty and citizens of the United States: and for vesting persons in the neighbourhood of the sea-coast, with power to secure shipwrecked property in the most effectual manner." On January 28, 1782, The Congress passed a resolution defining the boundary lines of "the district of territory commonly called by the name of the New Hampshire Grants," land also claimed by New York. It required that "the inhabitants residing in the district limits aforesaid shall within two months one month from the date hereof by an authenticated Act recognize the above described boundaries." Livingston refers to that resolution as "No. 3." Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

William Livingston Autograph Letter Signed "Wil Livingston" as Governor of New Jersey, 1.5 pages, 7.5" x 9", front and verso. Trenton, April 5, 1781. 8 o'clock P.M. To "His Excellency/the President of Congress" [Samuel Huntington]. In full, "I this moment received a letter from General Forman, accompanied with one for your Excellency which I presumed is upon the same subject with mine. He informs me that he has intelligence from New York that a large imbarkation [sic] is preparing-General Clinton to command in person - their destination for the Delaware and that Clinton is to take post at New Castle; he adds that he has seldom been disappointed in his intelligence thro the Channel by which he has received the present. I know that General Forman's intelligence has been generally found true and I thought his account of such importance as immediately to apply to Col. Neilson for an Express which he readily furnished." Inlaid integral leaf is blank except for docket. William Livingston, a signer of the Constitution, was Brigadier General of the New Jersey Militia until he became Governor of New Jersey in 1776, serving until his death in 1790. David Forman (1745-1797), a Brigadier General in the New Jersey militia, was known by the nickname of "Black David" among the New Jersey loyalists, because of his excessive cruelty towards not only the enemy but also towards those who did not favor the Revolution. General Forman, a friend of General Washington, headed a spy network in New Jersey which would report British movements along the coast to the Congress in Philadelphia. It is interesting to note that on April 10, 1781, Isaac Motte, member of the Continental Congress from South Carolina, wrote the following from Philadelphia in a letter to his father-in-law, Alexander Broughton: "'tis reported, that a strong embarkation...at New York...has sailed for Delaware

Bay & that Genl. Clinton is to command in Person. He will try to take Post at New Castle." Lightly creased in upper right, the letter is in very fine condition.

William Livingston Autograph Letter Signed "Wil: Livingston," one page, 6" x 7.75". Trenton, November 30, 1784. Integral leaf addressed by him to his wife, "Mrs. Susanna Livingston/Elizabeth Town," with a letter to their grandson, Peter Jay. In full, "I hope that you have received the letter that I sent you in answer to yours; & I long very much to have another one from you. I think it is time for Babcock to cover the Rhasberries [sic] & Strawberry beds with salt hay. The cabbages along the north west fence of the garden I would not have taken up, but to remain there all winter, as it is a warm place, & they will keep better there than in the cellar. I hope you keep close to your latin; & that is about a year hence, you will be able to write me a letter in that language. I am my dear little overseer, your affectionate grand father." William Livingston, a signer of the Constitution, was a member of the Continental Congress from July 23, 1774, to June 22, 1776, when he left to command the New Jersey Militia; he had been commissioned a brigadier general in 1775. Livingston was Governor of New Jersey from August 31, 1776 until his death in 1790. He married Susanna Franch in 1745. In 1774, their daughter Sarah married future Chief Justice John Jay. When John Jay left on his mission to Spain in 1779, his wife went with him, leaving their only child, three-year-old Peter Augustus Jay (1776-1843), in the care of her parents, Governor and Mrs. William Livingston. The Jays had returned from Europe in the summer of 1784, just a few months before this letter was written, with two sisters for Peter who was now eight-years-old. Folds with tanning along the lower edge. Seal tear hole on the integral leaf. In fine condition.

William Livingston Document Signed 13" x 8.25", four pages and paper sleeve, partially printed, February 20, 1787, Burlington, New Jersey. The probate record for Deliverance Randolph signed by Livingston as governor of New Jersey. Toned, chipping at edges, and some tears at folds, else very good.

William Livingston Partly Printed Document Signed "Wil. Livingston" as Governor of New Jersey, one page, 13" x 8". February 21, 1786. Upper left corner folded over and sealed with red wax and embossed seal. Governor Livingston grants "Henry Mershon of the County of Hunterdon Administrator of all and singular the Goods, Chattels and Credits of Abraham Anderson late of the County aforesaid Deceased...full Power, by the Tenor of these Presents, to administer all and singular the Goods, Chattels and Credits of the said Deceased, and faithfully to dispose of them..." Folds, chipped at upper and lower edges. A tiny hole appears at the connecting stroke in the signature in the "il" of "Wil." Light soiling. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Livingston Family Archive. A good collection of 20 documents signed by or concerning members of the noted Livingston family of New York and New Jersey -- one of the most influential and prominent political families in early America. The collection includes a wide variety of members of the family and many concern some of the more important names in early New York history, including John Livingston D.S., 1 page, 8" x 12.5", New York, June 4, 1772 endorsing an account from the estate of Abraham De Peyster. Livingston notes the receipt of £70 from Philip Livingston, Leonard Lispenard, Henry Holland and William Bayard; Maturin Livingston A.L.S., 2 pages, 7.5" x 13", [n.p.] March 17, 1801 to Robert Livingston informing the latter about the death of Mary Livingston, wife of Secretary of State, Edward Livingston. Mary's demise was "supposed the Scarlet Fever". Fold separations; Philip Livingston (1686-1749) A.D.S., 1 page, 13" x 8", [n.p.] July 10, 1725 to January 1726/7 approving an accounting between him and Abraham Truex for a variety of dry goods and luxury items. Weak at folds with partial separation. John Robert Livington A.L.S., 1page, 8" x 13", Red Hook, July 16, 1799 to Stephen Lusk explaining the difficulties in collecting notes due him and threats from his creditors. John R. Livingston A.L.S. 2 pages, 8" x 13", Boston, January 17, 1781 to Robert Livingston concerning accounts. Henry W. Livingston A.L.S., 2 pages, [n.p.] January 12, 1799 to William Tilghman in Philadelphia thanking him for the reports on rents collected on Livingston properties in Philadelphia and proposing that they sell jointly-held property in New Jersey. William Livingston Manuscript D.S., 2 pages, 8" x 13", Londonderry, New Hampshire, July 18, 1763, an indenture for saw mill and 2 acres of land. A rare autograph from the New Hampshire branch of the family. Weak folds repaired with tape. Robert Livingston, Jr. A.D.S., 1 page, 8" x 13", New York, [1718/9], an order of the Mayor's Court concerning a debt. Gilbert Livingston A.D.S., 1 page, 8" x 13", Poughkeepsie, New York, Aug. 8, 1804 a summons to appear at the surrogate's office concerning an estate matter. Peter Livingston A.L.S., 1 page, 8" x 13", "Manor Livingston", Dec. 21, 1774 concerning the estate of "Capt. Ogden". John Robert Livingston A.D.S., 2 pages, 12.5" x 8", [n.p.] 1779 concerning his account with Robert Livingston and directed to him on the integral address leaf at Clermont. Catherine Livingston, A.D.S., 1 page, [n.p.], March 1, 1810 an indenture for a farm laborer. Philip W. Livingston A.L.S., 1 page, 8" x 13", "Blue Store", August 22, 1792 to Leonard Gansevoort at Albany interceding for his brother Moncrid, who was to be sued for debt; Peter R. Livingston A.L.S., 1 page 8" x 13", New York, August 8, 1767 concerning a minister who had fallen out of favor.; Peter R. Livingston A.L.S., 1 page, 8" x 13" New York, Sept. 2, 1767 concerning finance, "...Our Markets very Dull for want of Cash..."; Robert Livingston A.D.S., 1 page, 8.5" x 13", New York, 1717, a court document concerning a suit for debt; William Smith Livingston A.L.S., 1 page, 8" x 12", [New York], August 15,1792 concerning a lawsuit; Margaret Livingston Tillotson A.L.S., 2 pages,7.5" x 12", [n.p.] January 2, [1785] to John R. Livingston concerning family matters; Gilbert Livingston A.L.S., 1 page, 8" x 13", Poughkeepsie, June 4, 1779 to "Fischer, Esq. commissary of Stores, at Claverac Landing, Albany" reporting that "Capt. Richee left the landing this morning...inadvertently took with him the baggage I had on board..." John R. Livingston A.L.S., 1 page, 7.5" x 13", Barry Town, July 13, 1835, concerning a charge of fraud. Together (20) twenty pieces. Henry E. Luhrs Collection

Declaration Signer Thomas Lynch Jr. (and Sr.) Holographic Wills. Autograph Documents, ten pages total, folio. Thomas Lynch, Jr. (1749-1779), was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of South Carolina.

He was born in Winyah, Prince George's County, South Carolina, the son of Thomas Lynch. He was schooled at the Indigo Society School in Georgetown before being sent to England, where he studied at Eton College and at Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge. He studied law in London, returning to America in 1772. He became a company commander in the 1st South Carolina regiment in 1775 and was elected to the Continental Congress, joining his father, Thomas Lynch, Sr., as a member of the South Carolina congressional delegation. It is thought that he was sent to Philadelphia to take care of his father who had suffered a stroke in January. In 1775, Captain Thomas Lynch, Jr. had contracted bilious fever while serving in North Carolina, and, although still ill himself, made the trip from South Carolina to Philadelphia to serve his father, his colony, and his country in the midst of the American Revolution. He attended meetings through the summer, voting for and signing the Declaration of Independence. Of the 56 Signers, only fellow South Carolinian Edward Rutledge was younger than Thomas Lynch, Jr., just three months younger. Both were 27-years-old. Thomas Lynch, Sr, was too ill to attend either the voting or the signing. By the end of the year, neither Lynch was well enough to remain in Philadelphia and they began their trip home. Lynch, Sr. suffered a stroke en route and died in Annapolis, Maryland. Lynch, Jr., did not seek reelection and retired to his home in South Carolina. Late in 1779, he and his wife embarked on a voyage to the south of France in an attempt to regain his health. They first sailed for St. Eustatius in the West

Indies, where they expected to take passage in a neutral ship for the south of France. Their ship never made it to the West Indies; it was lost at sea. Before he departed for his ill-fated voyage, he made a will. The will stipulated that heirs of his sister or female relatives must change their surname to Lynch in order to inherit the family estate.

At the age of 30, Thomas Lynch, Jr,. was the youngest Signer of the Declaration of Independence to die. Because of this, and the fact that he had served in Congress less than a year and was ill most of the time, his autograph is extremely rare. Dr. Joseph E. Fields, a founder and first President of the Manuscript Society, wrote in Manuscripts: The First Twenty Years (Greenwood Press: Westport, 1984) that examples of Lynch's handwriting "are among the rarest in the entire field of Americana...Disregarding signatures," Dr. Fields continues, "there are about four times as many [Button] Gwinnett autographs as there are Lynch autographs." In 1994, Dr. Fields sold collector William Hongach the original wills of Thomas Lynch, Sr. and Thomas Lynch, Jr. Hongach is a noted collector of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence and had assembled three complete sets of the Signers.

On October 5, 1994, Dr. Fields wrote Hongach, in part (copy of this letter included in lot), "The wills are enclosed...There are two wills - Lynch Sr. and Lynch Jr. The wills have much deteriorated since I have had them. I patched them with scotch tape in the days before we knew how harmful it was..." Dr. Fields told Hongach how he obtained the wills from the Lynch family. Sabina Lynch (1747-1812) was the elder sister of Thomas Lynch, Jr. Her second husband was John Bowman. Their daughter, Sabina Bowman, married Paul Desmukes of Nashville and had nine children. One of their daughters, Sarah Desmukes, married Col. John McCrady, Professor of M

athematics and Zoology at the University of the South. They had five children. One of their four daughters was Katherine DeBernier McCrady. Katherine McCrady, the great-granddaughter of Thomas Lynch, Jr.'s sister Sabina, never married. She was known as Aunt Katherine to the family. Dr. Fields continues, "'Aunt K' never married. When I knew her she was in her 80s. I am certain she has been deceased many years. I last saw her in 1947. She spent most of the time reading about the Lynches and all their progenitors. She had three books that once belonged to the Signer - all three autographed (Alexander Pope's works)... In addition she had two letters from T.L. Sr & T.L. Jr. while at Cambridge or Eton (can't remember which). Over the years the old lady had read & re-read them many times. They were folded over & over into a small packet. She would get them out several times a week. Consequently they were in about 20 pieces. She would get them together like a jig-saw puzzle in order to read them. She asked me to make her a copy of them so that she could read them easily. It took me an entire afternoon to do so - later I sent her a type-script. She then gave me the tattered remains of the wills for my effort. Apparently she or her mother (probably the latter) had cut signatures from the document. I tried to buy the books from her, but her nephew wouldn't allow her to sell them... Dr. McCrady had a national reputation as a spelunker... adamant in not selling his family heirlooms...."

The two wills were in many pieces from folding and unfolding as well as the result of cutting out Lynch's signatures (Sr. & Jr.) and the name "Lynch" wherever it appeared. Because of this, each is incomplete. The wills have been expertly restored. The will of Thomas Lynch, Sr. is on both sides of a 9.5" x 15" sheet and both sides of a 9" x 8" sheet, four pages in all. In part, "for the term of

her widowhood the use of the following Negroes Viz Betty, Dandy, Seylla, big Dinah, and her Daughter Juno, and I declare that I give these Legacies in Lieu of her Dower and of every other claim she has or may have to any part of my Estate, Real or Personal... I give and bequeath, all my personal Estate... to be equally divided between my Son [cut out] & my Daughters Sabina, Esther & Elizabeth...."

The will of Thomas Lynch, Jr. is on both sides of three sheets, six pages in all. Two measure 9" x 14.75"; the third sheet is 9.5" x 13.75". In part, "given & bequeathed to my Wife on the Contingency of my dying without a Child, the Use of one third of the Sum whi[ch] might arise from the Sale of my Negroes. ..during her Widowhood. And whereas I have given her on the contingency of my having a Son & of Negroes not averaging more than one thousand Pounds...And whereas I have given her on the Contingency of my not having a Son...the Use of seventy of my Negroes...." He continues, "for the first Son lawfully issuing, & for Default of such Issue then to the Use and Behoof of the second, third, fourth, fifth sixth & of all & every...of my said Daughter...Provided that each Son or Sons of my said Daughter take & use the Surname [cut out] & no other, & in Case the...who in Law would be entitled to the said Plantations...shall refuse or neglect [to] take the same or shall use any other then it is my [desire] that such Person be considered as dead & I desire that the Plantation shall go over to the Person next in Succession who shall take the said Surname & use no other...."

It is interesting to note that Thomas Lynch, Jr.'s sister Sabina had three daughters and one son. Her son John Bowman changed his surname to Lynch and had three sons; each was unmarried and killed in the Civil War. The witnesses to this will were Jacob Motte, Thomas Shubrick Jr., and William Page

tt Tonge. Motte (1729-1780) was the brother of Thomas Lynch, Jr.'s stepmother. Shubrick (1710-1779) was Lynch, Jr.'s father-in-law. Tonge was the son of the Rev. John Tonge. After Thomas Lynch, Jr. was lost at sea, his will was "Proved before Charles Lining Esq. O.C.T.D. June 5, 1783" and on "June 13 1783. Qualified Revd Robert Smith Esq." Each a legal term, "proved" meant that it was established as valid (probate) and "qualified" meant it was certified to be legal. It took years before it was known that Thomas Lynch, Jr. and his wife never made it to the West Indies or to France.

In Manuscripts: The First Twenty Years, Dr. Fields notes "from an examination of the Lynch autographs it is apparent that there are rather wide variations in the signatures." Even a cursory examination of the three known Thomas Lynch, Jr. Autograph Letters Signed: the September 7, 1775 letter in the Morgan Library in New York City, the March 1, 1776, letter owned by Thomas Lingenfelter (valued at $200,000), and the July 5, 1777, letter reproduced in Charles Hamilton's American Autographs, reveals there are wide variations in his handwriting as well.

After an exhaustive study of the known Lynch, Jr., handwritten letters and a comprehensive analysis of and comparison with the Thomas Lynch, Jr. document herewith presented, coupled with the knowledge that the will came from the Lynch family through Dr. Joseph E. Fields, one of the foremost expert on Signers of the Declaration of Independence (especially Thomas Lynch Jr.), and the collection of William Hongach, who had assembled a complete collection of the signatures of the Signers, and close to complete collections of Signer letter/documents and books signed by the Signers, it is clear that this will is indeed handwritten by Thomas Lynch, Jr., Signer of the Declaration of Independence. Each page expertly restored.

Bunker Hill: Capt. Henry Marr Manuscript Letter Signed "Henry Marr," 1.5 pages, 7.25" x 9.25". No place, circa 1785-1793. "To the Right Honorable Sir George Young [sic, Yonge], Secretary at War." Henry Marr of His Majesty's 47th (or Lancashire) Regiment of Foot states his case to be promoted to Major. Marr writes that he "entered a Volunteer in His Majesty's 44th Regiment in March 1755, then at Alexandria on their March to Fort Duquesne, under the Command of Major-General Braddock,...at the Engagement at the Monongahila, and there wounded...at Quebec under the Command of Major General Wolfe and the following Campaign in the Conquest of all Canada...at the Action and Storming the Redoubt on Bunkers Hill the 17th June 1775 and served during the course of two long Wars in America..." The troops defending Nassau were frequently changed, but at the time of the completion of Fort Charlotte, Nassau, Bahamas, in 1789, the town was garrisoned by ten companies of the 47th (Lancashire) Regiment of Foot. Inscribed on a tomb at Christ Church Cathedral in Nassau is "Major Sir Henry Marr of the 47th Regiment of Foot who died 29th November 1793 aged 58." Not only did he get promoted, but he was knighted as well! Lightly toned, the letter is in fine condition.

George Mason, Extremely Rare Autograph Letter Signed. "G. MASON" and "G.M." within the text. Eight pages, 7" x 8.25", "Fairfax County, Gunston-Hall", September 10, 1782 to his land surveyor. An incomplete but extremely detailed set of instructions to his surveyor in the process of surveying Mason's land titles south of the Ohio River. After an active political career beginning in 1758, Mason retired from the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1782 to attend to his private business. Mason was an early and experienced investor in western lands, becoming a partner in the Ohio Company in 1749 and served as its treasurer until his death in 1792. He spent a great deal of his time defending the company's claims. Here, Mason displays his astute business acumen in a set of incredibly detailed and exacting instructions for his surveyor who was documenting his western claims. He writes, in part: "The Bearer, my son William will deliver you fifty Portugal half Joe's, at 48s £120.0 in Virg.a Curr[enc]y...for the use of an Acct. & for the use of Capt. Hancock Lee, and £100 upon my own proper acct to defray the charges of surveying my lands in the western country...Thinking Silver would be a heavy & burthensom[e] Carriage for you, I have taken some pains to procure Gold. You misapprehended the proposal in my former letter; it would have been very unreasonable to expect you should advance such a sum of money for me; but as I knew nothing of your intention to settle in the back-country (until since informed of it by Capt. Lee) I thought you might probably receive a good deal of money there, for surveying for other people; which you would have to bring down with you, at your return; in which care it might be a Advantage (saving me the Risque of Carriage out, and you the Risque of Carriage in) if you paid the Carges of my surveys there, and received the same sum of money from me here, when you came home again; and it was in this View only, that I mentioned it to you. Upon the same principle of mutual convenience, and to save the trouble & risque of carrying money backwards & forwards, I am (according to an argument with Mr. John May, on behalf of his brother) to pay the amount of the principle surveyor's fees (in my surveys) to the masters of the college in Williamsburg, upon account of Mr. George May; it will therefore be proper that you adjust with him the amount of his part, and that he should give an order, on same direction in writing to me, to pay it to the college on his account, or a vouchers for my so doing, in Case of Death, or accidents thereafter. Capt. Hancock Lee has lately been here and upon an estimate He & I made (in which we made some allowance for accidents & disappointments) we both imagine that the sum of £100..0 of which I now send upon my own proper account ) will be sufficient to defray the expense of all my Surveys, vizt. chain Carryers...Hunters, & other charges, and the deputy-surveyor's fees, the principal surveyor's fees I am to pay to the college, are therefore mentioned: if we should move mistaken, and the charges should turn out higher, I will repay you the difference; and if on the contrary, it should not require so much , I make no doubt of your keeping exact accounts, & repaying me the over plus; and I thoroughly confide in your managing everything to the --advantage, & consulting my interest as your own: the good character you have acquired, and the Acquaintance I have with your Father, gives me the fullest assurance of this. Altho I wish frugality, & to avoid unnecessary disbursements, yet I would begrudge no Expence, that may be necessary to have the lands well bounded, & the lines plainly marked; and also to search & examine the grounds thoroughly so as to shape the Courses & extend the lines in such manner, as to avoid the indifferent, & & take in the best lands; and if this can't be done (on account of the legal restraint of making the one Breadth equal to at least one third the length ) in one survey upon each warrant, the number of surveys must be increased to do it; the Act of Assembly giving a right to execute a warrant in one or more Surveys; but particular care must be taken (in case of dividing the surveys under any warrant) to mention in the returns, or certificates of survey, the particular warrant by virtue of which each survey was made; and the amount of such different surveys must, in the whole, correspond exactly with the quantity of acres mentioned in the warrant, by virtue of which they were made; otherwise the Register will not be able to make up the records in his office, & issue the patents in the manner the same directs; but if I remember right, I explained this Subject fully in my last letter...spare no pains to get the best lands for me that the nature & situation of my locations will admit; as they are the first locations (of any considerable quantity) upon Panther Creek, & consequently have a preference, I hope you will be able to avoid yourself of this important circumstance to my advantage, it is an advantage that I have a legal & just right to; and was Capt. Lee's principal Inducement for making my locations at such a distance from the settlements. Where any survey bounds upon a creek a Creek or water-course, The courses of such Creek should not only be mentioned in the Certificate of Survey...the patents will be drawn verbatim according to the Certificates of Survey; and I have known many Law=Suits, thro' the neglect of Surveyors, for want of there necessary Insertions...the beginning Three or Trees of each Tract of each tract marked G. MASON the other corners all marked GM, & any remarkable object near any of them mentioned...I shall beg to have a copy of your field -notes to keep by me for my information... your opinion of the comparative quality of soil &c, of each tract; these things will be of great use to me; more specially if I should ever have occasion to sell any of the lands; and for any extraordinary trouble, which such remarks may occasion to you, I will thankfully make you such satisfaction (over & above your contract with Capt. Lee) as you may think just & reasonable In case you do not return yourself, soon after having made there surveys, they should be transmitted to me by some safe hand; that I may return them to the land-office in the time prescribed by Law; which (if I remember right) must be within a year after they are made; and I would therefore have them leas date, as late as you conveniently can , before bringing or sending them in ; that I may have the longer time for returning them to the land-office, in case of miscarriage, or accidents. Capt. Hancock Lee tells me you are well acquainted with the contract he had, on my acct. with Mr. John May, in exchanging one of my eight thousand acre warrants, which was located upon the Ohio River, for a warrant of Mr. May's located upon Panther Creek; He says it was first intended that both these locations should be withdrawn; that so Mr. May's warrant might be located in the place of mine upon the Ohio, and my warrant in the place of his upon Panther Creek; but as this was neglected to be done, as it ought to have been, immediately, it will be very unsafe to do it now, as it would be losing that priority of Title & location, which we both now have, and might be the means of giving same younger intervening location the preference; by which are as both of might lose our land; this circumstance I mentioned to Mr. John May when he came to see me about this time twelve month, and propose to him as the safest & least troublesome method of carrying this agreement into execution, that my warrant located upon the Ohio should be surveyed in my name, and his upon Panther Creek surveyed in his name, in order to retain & secure the priority of Title in both places, and that we would afterwards exchange the surveys, by reciprocal assignments to each other, upon the certificates of Survey before they were returned into the land-office; this method Mr. May approved of as much as I did, & very readily agreed to it, as the surest & safest mode of proceeding; and as the only remaining difficulty was...we agreed to settle the difference...ourselves, in such manner as should be just & reasonable in which neither of us was under any apprehension of disagreeing..." He would not remain in private business very long as he soon became involved in the Constitutional Convention of 1787. Mason, however, refused to sign and actively opposed its ratification by Virginia. His chief objection was that there was no "Declaration of Rights" in the document. The Bill of Rights was based upon his Virginia Declaration of Rights, authored in 1776. George Mason letters are rare in the marketplace, and seldom appear at auction. A few light dampstains, light chipping at margins, else very good.

George Mason and Slavery - John Mason Autograph Document Signed "J. Mason". One page, 8" x 13", Georgetown, July 9, 1832. John Mason (1766-1849) was the eighth surviving child of George Mason, signer of the Constitution, was a prominent Georgetown merchant, president of the Bank of Columbia as well as the Columbia Foundry and the Potowmack Canal Company. In this document, Mason executes a deed of gift to his daughter Anna Maria Mason "as her slave for life...a certain Negroe Girl named Sarah, now about fifteen years of age..." Offered together with a contemporary manuscript copy of John Mason's 1847 will. Usual folds, some with minor splits, else very good.

New York Patriot Alexander McDougall Partly-Printed Document Signed, "Alex McDougall", two pages, 7" x 11", New York City, July 24, 1760. McDougall here signs as witness to a £500 bond placed with the crown by the schooner Charming Polly prior to her voyage up the coast. Manuscript portions of the document somewhat faded, else fine condition.
Alexander McDougall (1732-1786) was a New York merchant who became increasingly angry over Britain's financial pressures on the colonists. A radical pamphleteer, he embraced the patriot cause and rose to become a Continental Major General during the American Revolution.

James McHenry Autograph Letter Signed "James McHenry," one page, 7.75" x 9.5". No place, no date. Integral leaf addressed by McHenry to "J Rutherford Esq." In full, "Yesterday I engaged with Col. Moore to accompany Majr Gen Hamilton & Govr Davis to Bristol to a review of his regiment on Wednesday. I regret that it will not be in my power in consequence of this arrangement to dine with you. Mrs. McHenry begs Mrs Rutherford to accept as her apology for refusing herself the pleasure of dining with her my necessary absence." James McHenry a surgeon in the Fifth Pennsylvania Battalion in the American Revolution, later served as secretary to General Washington (1778-1780) and on the staff of General Lafayette (1780-1781). A signer of the Constitution, he represented Maryland in the Continental Congress (1783-1785) and was Washington and Adams' Secretary of War from 1796-1800. Fort McHenry in Baltimore harbor is named in his honor. Mounted on a card, the letter is in fine condition.

James McHenry Manuscript Letter Signed "James McHenry" as Washington's Secretary of War, one page, 8" x 9.75". War Office, January 5, 1797, to Samuel Hodgdon, Esqr. In full, "As one wagon, from your representation of this morning, will not be sufficient to transport the baggage of the Indian Chiefs to Knoxville, I request that you will be pleased to provide another immediately, so that they may be enabled to commence their journey without further delay, The three horses you have received from the Indians you will also please to return to them." Samuel Hodgdon was Superintendent of Military Stores from 1794-1800. James McHenry, a signer of the Constitution, served as Washington and Adams' Secretary of War from 1796-1800. On December 1, 1796, in the Hall of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, President Washington spoke to 64 Indian Chiefs of eight to ten nations about peace. This letter concerns their trip home. Mounting strip at left edge. Small area of paper thinning in blank lower portion. Overall, in fine condition.

Thomas McKean Autograph Letter Signed "Tho M:Kean," one page, 8" x 10". Philadelphia, May 14, 1816. To "The Honorable Richard Cutts." In part: "Soon after Mrs. Cutts set out for Washington, the inclosed letter for her was delivered from the post-office, and is now returned... Kiss your amiable little daughter Dolly for me, present my devoirs to Mrs. Cutts and accept the best wishes of, dear Sir, Your most obedt. Servt." Former Massachusetts Congressman Richard Cutts (1771-1845) was Superintendent General of Military Supplies from 1813-1817. In 1804, he married Anna Payne (1779-1832), Dolley Madison's sister, and they had seven children including Dolley Payne Madison Cutts (1811-1838) who was five years old when 82-year-old Thomas McKean asked her father to kiss her for him. A member of the Continental Congress (1774-1776, 1778-1782) from Delaware, McKean signed the Declaration of Independence and served as President of Congress in 1781. This darkly penned and boldly signed letter has been affixed to a sheet of brown paper resulting in light wrinkles at the corners. It is in fine condition.

Thomas Mifflin Partly Printed Document Signed "Tho Mifflin" as Governor of Pennsylvania, one page, 21" x 11.5". [Pennsylvania], July 21, 1798. On vellum. Grant of land called "'Landsdown' situate on Loyalsock Creek in Lycoming County," to Robert E. Griffith. The land had been conveyed to Griffith by Henry Simpson on March 3, 1794. Signed by Mifflin in the upper left under an embossed paper seal affixed with red wax. Two points of the seal are folded over to see the entire signature. Thomas Mifflin, first Governor of Pennsylvania (1790-1799), was a Member of the Continental Congress (1774-1775, 1782-1784), serving as President of the United States in Congress Assembled from November 3, 1783 to October 31, 1784. In 1787, he signed the U.S. Constitution. Light soiling mostly in blank areas, not touching strong Mifflin signature. Folds. Fine condition.

Daniel Morgan Manuscript Document Signed "Dan Morgan," one page, 22.5" x 15". Frederick County, Virginia, February 26, 1784. Daniel Morgan signs as one of three witnesses to a release of 306 acres of land by Martin Ashby to Edward Snickers for £500. Daniel Morgan served with the colonial forces during the French and Indian War. During the Revolutionary War, he was commissioned captain of a company of Virginia riflemen in July 1775. Morgan was taken prisoner at Quebec on December 31, 1775 and was exchanged in the fall of 1776. He was later commissioned Brigadier General in the Continental Army (1780). On January 17, 1781, Gen. Morgan overcame a superior British force by his effective use of cavalry at the battle of Cowpens, South Carolina. In 1794, he commanded federal troops ordered out by President Washington to suppress the Whiskey Rebellion in Pennsylvania. The document is scalloped at the top edge, with wear and tiny holes along folds. There is light soiling throughout and a horizontal fold repair on verso, otherwise very good condition.

Declaration of Independence Signer Lewis Morris DS, one page with verso endorsement, 7.5" x 4", n.p. (likely New York), May 12, 1769. Morris signs an invoice on behalf of a certain Joshua Evans. Light browning, fine condition. Lewis Morris represented New York in the Continental Congress. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Robert Morris Autograph Letter Signed "Robt Morris," four full pages, 7.25" x 8.75". Richmond, December 15, 1787. To his business associates in Baltimore, Messrs Carey & Tilghman. Morris proposed "that you should purchase an additional quantity of Tobacco so as to make up a Cargo & that you should Charter & dispatch a ship as expeditiously as possible...the advices respecting Tobacco are very discouraging from Europe by the last Packet, it being an agreed point that there was enough there already for Two Years Consumption of all Europe..." Morris gives detailed instructions on a shipment abroad that can be delivered either to Dieppe or Havre, both French cities on the English Channel, "but I prefer very much sending to Dieppe." He advises that Whiteside in London and LeContaulx in Paris should be contacted to secure bills of lading and exchange. This letter was penned just three months after Robert Morris signed the U.S. Constitution; he had signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Morris, whose father had been a tobacco exporter in Maryland, had a three-year tobacco contract with France's Farmers-General which gave him, in effect, a monopoly on U.S. tobacco trade with France. It expired in late 1787, at the time he wrote this letter. Morris faced financial difficulty due to problems concerning the quality of his tobacco and the failure of London banking houses to honor his drafts. Two years later, he was elected to the first U.S. Senate, representing Pennsylvania. Morris tried to solve his financial difficulties by land speculation which eventually landed him in debtor's prison in 1798. Folds. In fine condition.

Declaration of Independence and Constitution Signer Robert Morris Letter Signed, "Robt Morris,", one page, n.p.(likely Philadelphia) December 3, 1782, to John Nicholson, Comptroller General of Pennsylvania. A brief letter regarding Pennsylvania's account with the comptroller of the United States. Browning, splits and some marginal chipping. Good condition.

Stephen Moylan Manuscript Document Signed "Stephen Moylan/Col.," one page, 14.25" x 9", Philadelphia, April 10, 1777, headed "A Return of the first Regiment of Light Dragoons Commanded by/Stephen Moylan Esqr." The troops of four captains, Charles Craig, Thomas Dorsey, Moore Fauntleroy, and David Hopkins are listed on a chart with the numbers, for each troop of field, staff, commissioned, and non-commissioned officers, number of horses, and number of officers and horses needed. Some interesting facts from this chart: All 91 soldiers in the four troops are "Present/fit for duty." Capt. Hopkins, with only one lieutenant and 7 "Rank & File" is in need of 2 sergeants, 2 corporals, 1 trumpeter, 27 privates, and 34 horses. Out of a total of 115 horses, only 11 are "unfit," Further research reveals that Capt. Craig was wounded at Brandywine on September 11, 1777 and did not return to the service. Capt. Dorsey departed the service due to mutiny within the year. Capt. Fauntleroy was taken prisoner at the Battle of Germantown on October 4, 1777. Capt. Hopkins had been a volunteer with Benedict Arnold's Quebec expedition in 1775 and in 1780 was promoted to major of the 1st Continental Dragoons. Stephen Moylan (1734-1811) was one of Gen. Washington's aides-de-camp from March to June, 1776, when Congress named him Commissary General of the Continental Army. In October 1776, Moylan raised this troop of Light Dragoons, the First Pennsylvania regiment of Cavalry, of which he was Colonel and signed this document in 1777. With these troops, Moylan served at Valley Forge, through the dismal winter of 1777-1778, at the Battle of Germantown, with Gen. Anthony Wayne in Pennsylvania, and with General Greene in his southern campaign. For his bravery, Moylan was brevetted Brigadier General in 1782. Soiled and spotted mostly in left and right areas, with soiling at top, not affecting legibility. Very good.

Declaration of Independence Signer Thomas Nelson, Jr. Autograph Letter Signed, "Thos Nelson Jr", two pages, 6" x 8", Williamsburg, Virginia, December 31, 1784, to unknown recipient. The letter reads, "I am requested by my intimate friend Capt. Singleton to give him a letter of introduction to your Excellency. Hearing that collectors are appointed to different districts, he intends to offer his services for the upper District of James River' and as I know, you wish on all occasions, to reward singular merit, I the more cheerfully comply with Capt. Singletons desire. His behavior as an officer during the War gain'd him the esteem of the Army, and his conduct as a citizen, since that period has deservedly made every man, who knows him his friend. I have the honor to be with great esteem..." Somewhat faded, although evenly toned and sound. Very good condition. Since Nelson is here seeking a political favor regarding a minor civil servant's position in Virginia, he is probably writing to Governor Patrick Henry. Thomas Nelson, Jr. had been an active patriot before and during the American Revolution. He sat in the Continental Congress, signed the Declaration of Independence and served as a general of Virginia Militia. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Samuel Osgood Autograph Letter Signed "Saml Osgood," one page, 5" x 7". Andover, July 11, 1774. In part, "I have just recd yours bearing even date herewith informing that the 25th Inst will be agreeable, & deferring a Copy of the Acct the Town of Andover...enclosed is Acct as well attested as could be in so short a space of time...It did not come into my mind about Dinning although you politely invited me. I should think Sir if agreeable to you that it would best to dine at the House appointed for the Court as there will be considerable Company: if it strikes you in the same Light. I must beg of you to order a Dinner upon our account & you will greatly oblige..." Born in Andover, Mass., Samuel Osgood was a delegate to the Essex County convention in 1774 and a member of the Provincial Congress. He entered the Revolutionary Army as captain and left the service as colonel and assistant quartermaster. Osgood served as a Member of the Continental Congress (1781-1784) and was Washington's first Postmaster General (1789-1791). Left edge trimmed and chipped, touching the beginning of five lower lines. Trimmed at top. Red wax seal remnant covers word at bottom. Lightly soiled. Very good condition.

Declaration of Independence Signer William Paca ADS, "Wm. Paca", one page with docketing, 8.25" x 7", n.p. (likely Maryland), February 5, 1798. A file copy of a document bestowing power of attorney upon a Thomas G. Wilson of Prince Georges County. William Paca represented Maryland in the Continental Congress. Moderate soiling, one turned corner, uneven right margin. Good condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Declaration Signer Robert Treat Paine Partially Printed Document Signed, "R T Paine,", one page, 7.5" x 5.5", n.p. (likely Boston), April 8, 1788. Here Paine files a suit against a certain James Sullivan for a sum of forty pounds. In near fine condition with two vertical folds and even toning. Robert T. Paine (1731-1814) sat in the Continental Congress during the American Revolution and later became Attorney General for Massachusetts.

Timothy Pickering Autograph Letter Signed "Timothy Pickering" to "The President of the U. States," one page, 7.75" x 9.75". Philadelphia, September 9, 1795. In full, "Agreeably to my intimation yesterday, I have the honor now to inclose the three addresses from Georgetown & Columbia in So. Carolina, & Warrenton in No. Carolina, being all that remain in my hands. Draughts for answers are inclosed in the addresses respectively, expressing ideas varied to correspond with the tenor of the three addresses. I hope you will not be teazed [sic, teased, meaning annoyed] with any more. With great & sincere respect." The "three addresses" concerned opposition to Jay's Treaty of 1794 with Great Britain. At the time, Timothy Pickering was Washington's Secretary of War. A scandal involving an intercepted French message led to Secretary of State Edmund Randolph's resignation on August 20, 1795. Pickering served as Secretary of War and acting Secretary of State from then until his appointment as Secretary of State on December 10, 1795.

President Washington had left Philadelphia on the morning of September 8th, shortly after speaking with Pickering, reaching Mount Vernon on September 13th. On September 14, 1795, the President wrote the following letter to William Falkener, chairman of a meeting of citizens at Warrenton, N.C.: "I received your letter of the 22d. of August, covering an address from the Inhabitants of Warren County who assembled to consider of the treaty lately negociated [sic] with Great Britain; and, expressing their disapprobation of it, desired that it might not receive my sanction. Previous to that meeting the treaty had received my assent. The principles which governed my determination have been made public. While I regret a difference of opinion on this subject, with perfect sincerity I assure my fellow Citizens 'that my attachment to the Constitution is unalterable, and my zeal to promote the happiness and welfare of my Constituents diminished.'" On the same day, Washington wrote similar replies to George Heriot, chairman of a meeting of the inhabitants of Georgetown, S.C., and to Thomas Taylor, known as the "Father of Columbia, S.C.," chairman of the meeting of the Camden and Orangeburg districts, South Carolina. Jay's Treaty included the following: "His Majesty consents that it shall and may be lawful, during the time hereinafter limited, for the citizens of the United States to carry to any of His Majesty's islands and ports in the West Indies from the United States, in their own vessels...it being expressly agreed and declared that, during the continuance of this article, the United States will prohibit and restrain the carrying any molasses, sugar, coffee, cocoa or cotton in American vessels, either from His Majesty's islands or from the United States to any part of the world except the United States." Jay may not have known that cotton had recently replaced indigo as a major crop in the Carolinas. This letter bears a notation at the upper edge handwritten by Jared Sparks: "(Fr. J. Sparks)" indicating it was from his collection. Sparks had access to Washington's correspondence and edited The Writings of George Washington (12 volumes, Boston: 1833-1837). Minor remnant at edge on verso from prior tipping. An historic letter in very fine condition.

Charles Pinckney Autograph Letter Signed "Charles Pinckney," one page, 7.75" x 9.5". Charleston, May 20, 1801. To Elbridge Gerry. In full, "I have the pleasure to introduce to you Doctor Blyth a gentleman of great respectability in this State now on a Jour through the United States - he is a member of our State Senate & was one of our republican Electors at our Election in Columbia. I feel much pleasure in introducing the Doctor to your acquaintance." Charles Pinckney, a signer of the Constitution, served in the Continental Congress (1785-1787) and the U.S. Senate (1798-1801) and House of Representatives (1819-1821). On June 6, 1801, just 17 days after Pinckney wrote this letter, President Jefferson appointed him U.S. Minister to Spain. He served until 1804. Elbridge Gerry, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, refused to sign the Constitution, but eventually supported it. Pinckney is scare in ALsS. Show-through at left margin from mounting remnants on verso. Fine condition.

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Autograph Letter Signed "Charles Cotesworth Pinckney," one page, 7.75" x 9.5". Pinckney Island, February 11, 1817. Integral leaf addressed by Pinckney to "Messrs Williamson & DeVillers/ Savannah." In full, "I embrace a chance opportunity to inform you that besides the 2000 feet of inch boards which I am in daily expectation of receiving from you, I shall be obliged to you to send me by the first opportunity 6000 Cypress Shingles, a cask of about 100th of sixpenny cut shingling nails, & 2000 feet more of such boards. I remain very respectfully." In the left margin, Pinckney adds "P.S. Captn Pierce left last night 200 feet of White Pine - But I am in the greatest want of the Lumber I have mentioned, & I have several kind Carpenters who will be idle." Charles Cotesworth Pinckney is one of only four signers of the Constitution never to have served in Congress. A Federalist from South Carolina, in 1800 he was the running mate of President John Adams, and was the presidential candidate in 1804 against Jefferson and 1808 against Madison, losing all three times. Incomplete red wax seal, with a slight separation at the upper horizontal fold, otherwise near fine condition.

Timothy Pickering Autograph Letter Signed, "T. Pickering" as Senator from Massachusetts, one page, 7.5" x 12.75", Washington, December 27, 1806 to Dr. Cutler. This letter contains significant content reporting upon Wilkinson's exposure of the Aaron Burr conspiracy and preparations to defend New Orleans. He writes, in part: "Genl. Wilkinson arrived at New Orleans the 24th...and writes on the 30th, that he is diligently employed in preparing defenses for the town against Colo. [Aaron] Burr's expedition. Capt. Shaw who commands the naval force there is doing the same. The latter writes the Secretary of the navy on the 29th ulto. to the like purpose, and says that General Wilkinson has laid before him such letters and information as leaves no room to doubt that Burr's first object is to possess himself of New Orleans. And it is there expected a naval force is to enter the river to cooperate with Burr. Colo. Cushing is coming down the Red River with the troops, to proceed to New-Orleans..." Wilkinson, Governor of Louisiana, disclosed Burr's plan to establish a southwestern empire and was later the chief witness at Burr's trial for treason in 1807. However he was also a central player in the conspiracy itself, and it was only when he realized the plot was destined to fail that he betrayed his long-time friend and comrade-in-arms. Wilkinson's involvement with the plot made him subject to a court martial in 1811, from which he was acquitted. Pickering was a Quartermaster-General during the American Revolution and also Secretary of War under Washington and Secretary of State under Washington and Adams. Ironically, Pickering was himself a proponent of the secession of the New England States, a movement, that when exposed at the end of the War of 1812, signaled the final demise of the Federalist Party. Weak folds and ink erosion expertly repaired with tissue on second page, very light toning, else very good condition with a nice dark holograph. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection

Augustine Prevost Manuscript Letter Signed "A Prevost," 1.5 pages, 8" x 12.75", front and verso. Head Quarters, Savannah, August 1, 1779. To General Benjamin Lincoln. In part, "I had the honour of yours of the 20th ulto by Major Hyrne, by whose arrival with powers to treat of and adjust all matters relative to exchange of Prisoners of War. I was in hopes so very desirable an Object in every respect, more particularly on the Score of Humanity, might be brought to a Conclusion, on a footing of equality, and consequently agreeable to both Parties. I had therefore sent Captain Shaw my Aid de Camp with the most ample Powers on our Part to treat with Major Hyrne. But finding Major Hyrne's Powers not full as not intending to a fair and general Exchange without distinction & without exception. I am sorry to say that very little has been concluded tho' I dare say the Gentleman employ'd had all the good intentions in the world to forward and finally to settle so good a business. Whilst distinctions are made between Prisoners to the State and Prisoners to the Army, and alleged Crimes against the State are made causes of the detention of others in the severest State of Captivity and deeming them uneligible to exchange, it will be impossible for us to treat on any footing of equality..." Major Edmund M. Hyrne was the Commissary of Prisoners. In the winter of 1778, British General Henry Clinton ordered Brigadier General Augustine Prevost to invade Georgia. In January 1779, the British captured Savannah. Major General Benjamin Lincoln, recently appointed Southern commander of the Continental Army, realized that the loss of Savannah was key and set out to regain the coastal Georgia port. A month after this letter was written, on September 16, 1779, British forces at Savannah under Prevost's command came under siege by a combined force of Americans led by General Lincoln and

Frenchmen led by naval commander Jean Baptiste Hector d'Estaing. On October 20th, the siege was abandoned and the British remained in Georgia until 1782. A tear at the upper left has been repaired with glassine and there are nicks and stains at the top edge. There is minor separation at two folds. Overall, the letter is in fine condition.

Casimir Pulaski Manuscript Letter Signed "C Pulaski B.G. of Cavalry." in English, one page, 8.5" x 7". Headquarters, Worcester Township, October 1, 1777. To Colonel Hand. Exactly as written, in full, "agreable to his excellencie's [Gen. Washington's] order, you would detach fiftyne good horse, very early in the morning, to attend general Reed and Cadwalader upon special business they will find general Reed at his quarters a mile or two to the right of Conner's house besides Major gimpson will select so many Light horses as he can, to be Ready to march with him tomorrow twelve of clock to the same hour all your Regiment shall joign at my quarter to the Regimens of my brigade." In 1776, Casimir Pulaski, who had fought against Russia for his native Poland (1768-1771), sought permission from America to fight for the new nation. In May 1777, with a letter of recommendation from Benjamin Franklin, the American commissioner in Paris, he left for the United States. Landing near Boston in July, in August, he reported to General Washington's headquarters near Philadelphia. On September 15, 1777, the Continental Congress "Resolved, That a commander of the horse be appointed with the rank of brigadier; the ballots being taken, the Count Pulaski was elected." Three days later, Congress left Philadelphia for Lancaster, Pa., then to York. On September 26th, British troops under General William Howe entered Philadelphia. On September 30, 1777, General Washington wrote "Comte Pulaski," in full, "Upon getting home [Headquarters, Skippack, Pa.], I found the inclosed from Genl. Reed. I therefore desire you will immediately form a Detachment of at least fifty Horse of which part are to be of Colo. Moylans, in their Red Uniforms, which will serve to deceive both the Enemy and Country people. I can give you no better directions than what are contained in Genl. Reed's letter, for the Route that the party is to take, I only recommend it to you, to put it under the command of a good Officer and to send them off immediately." According to Fitzpatrick, "Joseph Reed's letter is not found in the Washington Papers but it seems from Moylan's letter to Washington (October 1) that the purpose of the 50 dragoons was to surprise a small party of British light horse and foragers. Moylan's letter is in the Washington Papers." Ordered by General Washington "to immediately form a detachment of at least fifty Horse," Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski dictated this letter to Colonel Hand which clearly requests "fiftyne good horse," not fifty, due, perhaps, to a language problem. Pulaski's knowledge of cavalry warfare assisted Washington and his men at the Battles of Brandywine (September 11th) and Germantown on October 4, 1777, just three days after he signed this letter. Two years later, on October 9, 1779, at the Battle of Savannah, Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski was mortally wounded while riding his horse during a cavalry charge. Penned on thin brown paper, the letter has been expertly affixed to a green sheet. With folds, light stains, and minor paper loss affecting two letters. A vertical fold passes through the "l" of "Pulaski", otherwise very good condition. Pulaski's autograph is rare in any form. This military letter penned during a crucial period in the American Revolution, carrying out an order from George Washington, would be a magnificent addition to a military collection.

Francis Rawdon, 1st Marquess of Hastings, Lord Moira Autograph Letter Signed "Moira," 3.5 pages, 7" x 8.75", front and verso. Denington, September 20, 1811. To Lord Auckland. In part, "If I do not misconstrue your last letter it carries with it an implication as if I had some estrangement in regard to your friends. Be assured that nothing of the sort exists...If the allusion be not to me & only bears in others who have been in the habit of confidential attachment to the Prince, I am convinced that you equally are in the supposition. The persons to whom I referred never have been devoted to the Prince, & only avail themselves a temporary facility of intercourse to color matters as may best suit their private views. My statement to you was not with the most distant wish of annoying your friends: It was only to awaken your own sense of Candor in judging the Prince..." Francis Rawdon joined the British army in 1771 and served in the American Revolution, seeing action in the Battles of Bunker Hill, Brooklyn, White Plains, Monmouth, and Camden, at the attacks on Forts Washington and Clinton, and at the siege of Charleston. In 1789, his mother succeeded to the barony of Hastings, and he became Francis Rawdon-Hastings. In 1793, he succeeded his father as the Earl of Moira. Lord Moira was an intimate friend of the Prince of Wales and when King George III was incapacitated due to mental illness, on February 5, 1811, the Prince was created Prince-Regent. This letter to William Eden, 1st Baron Auckland, was written seven months later. In 1812, after the assassination of Prime Minister Percival, Lord Moira was asked by the Prince-Regent to form a Whig government but he was unsuccessful. This letter has folds, light stains, and small holes where the leaves join, otherwise very good.

George Read Autograph Document Signed "Geo: Read," two pages, 8" x 13", front and verso. Kent County, November 1773. George Read, Attorney General for the Lower Counties of Delaware, writes, in part, "If he the said Major Henderson should not appear at the these next General Quarter Sessions of the Peace and Gaol Delivery to be held at Dover aforersaid...and then and there abides and performs such order or orders as shou'd be made by the same Court for his assaulting Richard Millatt one of the Constables of the County aforesaid in the Execution of his office...the said George Read who sues...saith that the said Major Henderson did not appear at the these next General Quarter Sessions of the Peace and Gael Delivery held at Dover..." Read has signed twice in the text and once at the conclusion. George Read was Attorney General for Lower Delaware (1763-1774) and a Member of the Continental Congress (1774-1777), signing the Declaration of Independence. He later served as Delaware's first U. S. Senator (1789-1793) and Chief Justice of Delaware from 1793 until his death in 1800. Strengthened at mid-horizontal fold in second page. Fine condition.

Declaration of Independence Signer George Read Autograph Document Signed Twice, "Geo Read", with a second signature on the verso, two pages, 8" x 13.25", Newcastle, Delaware, July 3, 1792. A file copy of a judgment regarding a debtor. Penned on fine linen stock having professional archival repairs to splits on folds. Good condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Paul Revere Autograph Document Signed Twice as "Paul Revere & Son". One page with docketing on verso, 8" x 4.5", plain paper, np, September 21, 1814. A purchase order from the "Committee for Building United States Steam Vessel of War" for 18 copper boiler plates weighing 3,542 lbs. from the firm of Paul Revere & Son at 70 cents a pound, or a total of $2,479.40. Signed by Revere at the end: "Duplicate. Rec'ved the above in Treasury Bills, Paul Revere & Son". One horizontal and two vertical light folds, else fine condition. Enclosed in a custom quarter leather portfolio with historical background, an engraved portrait, and a photocopy of a 1992 authentication by Charles Hamilton.

A skilled silversmith and a vigorous patriot, Paul Revere decided in 1800, at the age of 65, to go into a new business. Encouraged by a liberal loan from the U.S. government, he converted a former gunpowder mill at Canton, Massachusetts into a copper rolling mill, the first successful venture of its kind in America. Among Revere's customers were the federal government for its navy vessels, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for its state house dome, and Robert Fulton for the boilers of his steamships. The "Vessel of War" mentioned in this document was the Demologos, the first warship to be propelled by a steam engine, built as a wooden floating battery to defend New York Harbor from the Royal Navy during the War of 1812. By the time the Robert Fulton-designed ship was finally completed, the war was over and Fulton was dead. The Demologos, or the Fulton as it was then called, saw only one day of active service- a tour of New York Harbor for President James Monroe. No other ship like her was ever built again.

Lovely Post-Revolutionary War Boston Ledger Listing Account Entries For Paul Revere. With entry dates from 1783 to 1795, 272 pages, bound in vellum, ledger format, folio (8.25" x 12.5"), spine absent, portion of vellum missing from rear board, boards worn and soiled and warped, internal contents tight and bright, good condition. A great bound manuscript account ledger, possibly from a private bank, in Boston, with numerous accounts including those of patriot, Paul Revere. During this time Revere was a merchant and silversmith and his entry contains a long list of credits to his account: "...proceeds of Goods rec'd of him and sold to Russell & Clap...for 2 pair Plated Candle Sticks...of Russell & Clap for a Clock...of T. Pons for plated Goods...". Revere is also mentioned in six other places in connection with debts and credits received indirectly through his business with the establishment keeping the ledger. Others mentioned are General Alexander Campbell, Connecticut patriot Ebenezer Huntington, and New England's prosperous Saltonstall family. There are also entries for Boston merchant Frederick William Geyer, who had been among the dozens of Tories named in the Massachusetts Banishment Act of 1778. By the time covered in this ledger, Geyer had returned to America after other former royalists met with success in suing to have their confiscated property returned to them.

Caesar Rodney Autograph Letter Signed "Caesar Rodney," one page, 7.5" x 12.25", Dover, December 17, 1780, to his brother, with portion of the integral leaf present, with seal tear, addressed by him to: "Col. Thomas Rodney/Wilmington." In full, "I was yesterday at Mr. William Brown's of this Town and he informed me that he was just then setting out for Philadelphia in John Brinckle's Shallop and upon enquiry this morning find he is gone. I set down to give you this information that you and Mrs Rumford may have an opportunity to call upon him in a place you would wish to answer for the non-performance of his solemn agreement with your House. I hope you and Betsey Rillen got safe to Wilmington and that you found the family well. I intend to set out tomorrow for New Castle and expect to go as far as the Crop-Roads." On July 1, 1776, Caesar Rodney set off on an 80-mile journey from Dover to Philadelphia, arriving just in time to vote for independence, later signing the document. He served in the Continental Congress from 1774-1776. Thomas, 16 years younger than his brother who raised him after their father died, also represented Delaware in the Continental Congress (1781-1782, 1786). The blank lower corners have been torn off and there are folds and a small stain between lines. Minor chipping at margins well away from text, and with the usual mail folds and a few foxing spots.

Caesar A. Rodney Autograph Note Signed, one page, 9" x 3.75", n.p., 1779, to Thomas Reed. In part: "...thus recd. Of Thomas Reed the sum of principal money and the Sum of Seven Pounds, and five pence Interest..." Trimmed and mounted, with a printed biography affixed to left margin affecting a few words, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Declaration of Independence Signer Benjamin Rush DS, "Benj Rush", partially printed, one page, 7.5" x 6.5", Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 7, 1786. The esteemed Dr. Rush here signs an affidavit stating that an insurance certificate dated 1784 is property of Dickinson College in Carlisle, of which he was a founder. Jonathan Bayard Smith of Philadelphia College countersigns as a witness. Very fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Edward Rutledge and John Rutledge Autograph Notes Signed "Edward Rutledge" and "J. Rutledge," one on each side of the same 3.25" x 5.75" sheet. On one side, Edward Rutledge has penned five cases noting "I appear for the Defts in these Actions/ Edward Rutledge July 14, 1773." On the other side, his older brother John Rutledge has penned "I appear for the/ Defts in these Actions/ J. Rutledge/ July 14th 1773." Edward Rutledge, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, represented South Carolina in the Continental Congress from 1774-1776. John Rutledge, a signer of the Constitution, represented S.C. in the Continental Congress from 1774-1775 and 1782-1783. An Associate Justice of the first Supreme Court (1789-1791), he was nominated in 1795 to be Chief Justice and presided at the August term, but the Senate, on December 15, 1795, did not confirm him, primarily due to his outspoken opposition to Jay's Treaty of 1794. There is a narrow strip of glassine affixed at the lower edge of the "John" side with light show-through on the "Edward" side. Anything signed by both Rutledge brothers are scarce and desirable.

Edward Rutledge Autograph Letter Signed "Ed Rutledge," one page, 6" x 7.25" inlaid, overall 10.5" x 13.25". Addressed by Rutledge on verso to "Jacob Read Esqre." [Charleston], June 4, 1788. Rutledge was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1788. In full, "I expect to see Mr Houstoun any moment & will communicate to him your obliging letter." Jacob Read represented South Carolina in the Continental Congress (1783-1788) and the U.S. Senate (1795-1801). Edward Rutledge also represented South Carolina in the Continental Congress (1774-1776) and signed the Declaration of Independence. Both Read and Rutledge were taken prisoner when the British captured Charleston in 1780 and were imprisoned in St. Augustine, Florida, until 1781 when they were exchanged. "Mr. Houstoun" is most likely John Houstoun, former Georgia Governor who, in 1787, had served on a commission to settle boundary disputes with South Carolina. Thinning of paper in lower blank areas and at "Sir" resulting in light stains. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs collection.

Alexander Scammell Autograph Letter Signed "Alexdr Scammell," two pages, 7.25" x 11.75", front and verso. West Point, July 23, 1779. To Naby Bishop. In part, "It gave me very sensible pain to hear of your misfortune last Winter whereby you was deprivd of partaking in the winter Amusements but am peculiarly happy in being informed that you have got well again. Tho far distant from you, I sympathize in your felicity or adversity...My dear Girl I have wrote you lately a Number of long Letters the last by Col. Carleton but fear neither of them have reached you as I havnt heard a syllable from you or any of my Mistic friends a number of months since...I have repeatedly urged you to consent to make me happy and that I should continue still in the Service. I have urged every thing a man could who was seeking after happiness...Generously write me your Consent and I will obtain His Excellency's Leave to come to Mistic this Fall..." Alexander Scammell, Adjutant General of the Continental Army since early 1778, was in love with Abigail "Naby" Bishop of Mistic (Medford), Massachusetts. She refused to marry him as long as he continued in the army. It has been said that Alexander Scammell was easy to get along with and that he could approach General Washington ("His Excellency") with a familiarity that no other officer could get away with, so he knew he could get permission to leave his post if Naby said yes. Scammell had fought at Bunker Hill and, as Washington's aide, in the battle for New York City in 1776. In 1777, Col. Scammell led his New Hampshire regiment at the Battle of Saratoga. Gen. Washington's increased dependency on Scammell's abilities is evidence by his order to Scammell to arrest Gen. Charles Lee at the Battle of Monmouth in June 1778, and to supervise the execution of Major John André in 1780. In January 1781, after resigning as Adjutant General, Scammell resumed his command of the First N.H. Regiment. On September 30, 1781, Col. Scammell was captured by British troops near Yorktown, Virginia. Whether or not he resisted is not known. According to various accounts, he was shot in the back after he surrendered. Scammell was rushed into Yorktown and treated by British General Cornwallis' surgeons. At Gen. Washington's request, he was paroled and sent to the hospital at Williamsburg where he died on October 6, 1781. He was 34-years-old. Scammell's grave has never been found. There are a few holes and folds in this letter and the edges are chipped. Overall, in fine condition.

Philip Schuyler Autograph Letter Signed "Ph: Schuyler," one page, 7.5" x 12.25". Albany, March 22, 1776. To Captain [Richard] Varick. In full, "Please to draw out an account of the Arms belonging to Capt. Watsons Company that have been delivered Into Store and Examine it with the Certificates. All that can be paid for by me I have marked in his Account A. Examine Mr. Converse's return to see if any Guns were delivered to the Company with which they must be Charged." Captain Richard Varick was military secretary to General Schuyler, serving as Mayor of New York City from 1791-1801. Docketed on verso by Varick "Albany March 22d 1776/From Genl. Schuyler" under which Varick has drawn his trademark paraph. A member of the Continental Congress (1775,1777, 1779-1780), Schuyler had been appointed one of the four Major Generals in the Continental Army in 1775. Arrow-shaped hole in blank area. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Roger Sherman and Richard Law Manuscript Document Signed "Roger Sherman £6 13 4" and "Richard Law 5.18..8," one page, 8.25" x 6.5". [Connecticut], May 1780. In full, "Recd of Treasurer Laurence the sums unto Each of our Names Annexed in L[awful]M[one]y for the Debenture of the Upper House of Assembly May 1780." Roger Sherman is the only American patriot to sign all four of America's most important documents: the Articles of Association (1774), the Declaration of Independence (1776), the Articles of Confederation (1777), and the U.S. Constitution (1787). Richard Law was a member of the Continental Congress in 1777 and 1781-1782. This document is in payment for money owed while serving in the Upper House of the General Assembly of Connecticut. In 1783, Sherman and Law, both of whom were at the time Judges of the Connecticut Superior Court, were appointed to revise the statutes of the state which they did, eliminating useless regulations and revising others, while simplifying and organizing the laws of their state. Docketed on verso, the document is inlaid and is separated at the lower blank fold which has been reinforced on verso with glassine and tape. There is a small hole in the lower blank area. Rubber stamping on verso indicates that this document was part of the autograph collection of world-renowned Chicago surgeon, Dr. Max Thorek. Overall, in near fine condition.

Roger Sherman Partly Printed Document Signed "Roger Sherman a Judge/ of the Supr Court," one page, 6.25" x 7.5", affixed to a 7.75" x 9.75" sheet. New Haven, December 1, 1788. An order "To the Sheriff of the County of Litchfield or his Deputy, or either of the Constables of the Town of Bethlehem within Said County" to which Sherman added in holograph: "to Peter Woodard an indifferent person there being no proper officer to be had without great cost & inconvenience," to summon Zachariah Thomson of Bethlehem to appear before the 2nd County Court to answer a charge that he failed to pay twenty pounds to David Dougal of New Haven for value received. Sherman has penned "Received two Shillings duty on this writ" above his signature. The clerk's writing is light but clear. Darkly penned by Sherman, and in fine condition.

Roger Sherman Autograph Document Signed "Roger Sherman Justice of Peace," one page, 7" x 5" inlaid, 10.5" x 13.5" overall. Also signed "Roger Sherman" in text. New Milford, Connecticut, March 8, 1756. Testimony of Joseph Steel of Dutchess County before Sherman, Paul Welch, and Bushnel Bostwick, Justices of the Peace for Litchfield County. In part, "This Exminant [sic] says he Received an £8 Bill of a Rhode Island man whose name (he thinks) was Shreeve and gave two Dollars for it and afterward put of the same Bill at Benjamin Gaylard in New Milford to P Gaylard's wife but he says that he did not know it to be a Counterfeit Bill when he Received and put it off but that he has been since informed that it was Counterfeit and has made satisfaction for the same. He says he never put off any money or Bills knowing them to be Counterfeit." Light toning in the center portion. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

James Smith Autograph Letter Signed "Ja Smith," one page, 8.5" x 13". York, February 12, 1784. Addressed by Smith on verso "To/The Honble/William Agust. Atlee Esqr./su. Judge of the Supreme Court/of/Pennsylvania" and "favour of/Col Smyzer." In full, "A melancholly accident has happened in this County about seven, or eight miles from the Town. Magdalena the Wife of Casper Carver, having been found perished in the Snow about one mile & a half from her own House & near her sons House where she was probably going. I have known the man upward of twenty years & he was allways deemed an Industrious honest man, he has three small Children to take care of & no housekeeper, since the Melancholly event. Mr. Hartly & myself were spoke to on the Occasion and we reccommended sending, as soon as possible, the Inquest and depositions to the Judges of the Supreme Court for their direction. Col. Smyzer waits upon you with the paper - he was on the Inquest & can inform you more particularly. I presume upon the facts everybody must think as the Inquest did and at another time and place, it might have rested on their findings without more: but as, alas, too many instances of unfortunate accidents have happened in this County, too much caution cannot be used, if possible to prevent the like in future, as far as human care can avert such evils." Tattered right margin does not affect the writing. Light soiling and creases. Remnant of wax seal on verso with resulting seal tear at blank lower edge. Born in Ireland, James Smith immigrated to the United States in 1727 with his father. Studying law, he was admitted to the bar in 1745. After organized the Pennsylvania Militia and the two regiments of the Flying Camp in Perth Amboy, N.J., in 1776, he served as a Member of the Continental Congress (1776-1778) and signed the Declaration of Independence. William Augustus Atlee served as Judge of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court from 1777-1791. Pennsylvania land records show that on March 17, 1783, Casper and Magdalena Carver purchased two tracts of land in Paradise Township, York County, from Jacob Miller. Autograph Letters Signed of James Smith are scarce and desirable.

Richard Dobbs Spaight, Signer of the Constitution, Document Signed as Governor of North Carolina "Richard Dobbs Spaight". Two pages, 16.5" x 11.5", Moore County, North Carolina, various dates with March 14, 1795 the last showing, printed documented, signed twice by Spaight, with survey attached, complete with North Carolina state wafer seal, toned, with some splits and the usual fold creases, else very good. The document is for 529 acres of land purchased in Moore County.

Arthur St. Clair Autograph Letter Signed "Ar St. Clair," one page, 7.75" x 12.5". Carlisle, December 2, 1773. Addressed by St. Clair on verso to John Lukens. In full, "I can now inform you that Mr. McCrea has left the Province near a Month ago, and is settled at Alexandria. I will therefore depend on your Promise that I shall succeed him. I could have wished this had been known before I left Town as the Maker of the Security could then have been finished however if you please to send up the Deputation, and the Office Bond, Doctor Smith will execute it as my security and I will likewise secure it and return it by the first opportunity. I know not whether this District will be of any Recount or not but be that as it will I am equally obliged to you and shall be glad of every opportunity to convince you how much I am sensible of it." Scottish-born Arthur St. Clair had become the King's magistrate of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, when it was founded on February 26, 1773. In 1777, Brigadier General St. Clair became the commander of Fort Ticonderoga in New York. As British General Burgoyne's army prepared to attack, St. Clair evacuated the fort. St. Clair was court martialed for his actions and exonerated. A Member of the Continental Congress from 1786-1787, under the Articles of Confederation, he served as seventh President of the United States in Congress Assembled from February 2, 1787 to October 29, 1787. From 1789-1802, St. Clair was the first Governor of the Northwest Territory. Three horizontal folds, including one through his signature. Light foxing and slight separation at the edges of the folds, otherwise near fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer Autograph Document Signed "Daniel of St. Thos Jenifer Intend," one page, 8" x 6.5". Intend. Office, December 13, 1784. In part, "Ordered That the Western Shore Treasurer pay the Subscribers for the Bills of Credit issued in 1781...The Principl & Interest due them unless they will take Certs for the principl...interest in which case you are to issue Certs to them as to other Creditors of the Public." The Western Shore refers to the part of Maryland west of Chesapeake Bay. Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, a signer of the Constitution, represented Maryland in the Continental Congress from 1779-1781. He served as Intendant of Revenue (financial agent) for Maryland from 1782-1785. In very fine condition.

Revolutionary War General John Stark Autograph Document Signed, "John Stark B G", 7.25" x 3.25", Newport, Rhode Island, November 31, 1779. A military pass, the document reads, "Mr. March has leave to pass with his boat to Providence & to carry a piece of linen some tea, Two cases & a half of knives & forks & a small trunk." Uneven right edge, old tape bleed-through in four corners from early mounting. professionally matted and framed. Good condition.
New Hampshire native John Stark (1728 - 1822) is credited with uttering what would one day be used for his state's motto - "Live Free or Die".

John Stark Manuscript Letter Signed to New York Governor George Clinton, two pages, 8" x 12", front and verso. Albany, September 4, 1781. As Northern (New York) Department Commander, General Stark begins his letter to Governor Clinton by informing him that "An instance that I think somewhat alarming has lately intervened in this departmt & which I think is a design of no less consequence than the dissolution of the Army. The plan seems to be to try the superior force of the Civil Government over the Military in seizing, imprisoning, and detaining a Soldier from his duty..." It seems that a man named "Haas a soldier in the Massachusetts line (but detained here on the usefull work of an Armourer), he was seized on a pretended dept [sic, debt] of about six pounds that it was said he owed a tavernkeeper as a Tavern bill, the tavernkeeper took the advice of a young fribble of a lawyer who willing to undertake anything that would make him popular in knavery, and perhaps possessed of some glimmering hopes of future favours from the Torys Sovereign, fir the bold & daring attempt, readily engaged in the design, granted a writ, by force of which he now lies in jail. I need not relate to your excellency the fatal consequences resulting from such a procedure...Pray Sir tell me what shall hinder a number of Enemies to this Country to either trust or pretend to trust Soldiers and then commence actions against them? The answer to it lies 'they are immediately laid in jail' And the same authority that puts one in can put a Brigade in & if a Brigade goes, I know nothing to prevent this Army from sharing the same fate - And further Sir, I am fully confident that George the third of Great Britain has many subjects in this City who would willingly lay down half nay even the whole of their fortunes in this Service, and trust to his Royal Clemency for the repayment of money laid out so much to his advantage..." Integral leaf, separated from the letter, is addressed to "His Excellency Governor Clinton/State of New York/at/Poughkeepsie." The letter is frayed at the edges with partial tears at the folds. Some letters at the end of lines on the second page are missing, not materially affecting the text. An important letter written by General Stark less than seven weeks before Cornwallis surrendered to Washington at Yorktown, ending the Revolutionary War. Stark, who fought at Bunker Hill, had defeated two detachments of General Burgoyne's army in the Battle of Bennington in 1777. The first major defeat of a British General, that battle is considered by many as the turning of the war, the action which convinced the French to send military aid. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Lord Stirling Manuscript Document Signed "Stirling," 1.5 pages, 7.75" x 12", front and verso. Perth Amboy, New Jersey, June 21, 1773. Lord Stirling signs as witness to a land survey made for James Drummond Lundin, Earl of Perth. The land is "situate in Newtown Sussex County and Eastern Division of the Province of New Jersey." William Alexander, Lord Stirling, was Surveyor-General of the Province of New Jersey. In March 1776, Congress appointed him brigadier general in the Continental Army. Expertly strengthened at two horizontal folds on verso. Fine condition.

John Sullivan Important Autograph Letter Signed "Jno Sullivan," one page, 7.5" x 9". Providence, October 27, 1778. To Major General Horatio Gates. In part, "I had the Honor of your favor of yesterday Inclosing Copy of General Washington's Letter to you & a Letter from his Excy to me. I shall with pleasure give you the Earliest Intelligence of every important matter which may turn up in this Quarter. At present there is no appearance of the Enemy...nor do they seem to expect the British Fleet this way they seem to agree that one...of the Fleet is bound to the West Indies the other to Halifax...for the Army the Magazines are all exhausted in this Department..." On October 24, 1778, from his headquarters at Fredericksburg, New York, General Washington wrote Major General Sullivan, in part, "I have directed General Gates to open a correspondence with General Heath and yourself, that you may give him instant advice of the arrival of the enemy's fleet which lately sailed from the Hook; should they be designed to operate Eastward, in order that he might immediately march forward with the troops under his command. You will at the same time that you do this, dispatch the intelligence to me, as I propose, the moment, I should hear of such an event, to proceed myself with all dispatch to the Eastward..." Sullivan replied to Washington on October 31st, telling him of the capture of the British schooner Pigot in the eastern channel of Narragansett Bay on October 24th by Maj. Silas Talbot, of the First Rhode Island regiment. General Washington had written to General Gates the same day he wrote Sullivan. In part, "A fleet of about one hundred and sixty sail, supposed to contain 7, or 8,000 men having left the Hook the 19th. and early the 20th...You will be pleased to open a correspondence with Generals Heath and Sullivan, in order to obtain from them instant information of the Enemy's arrival off the coast, should their destination be, for the Eastward; and on certain advice of this event, you will proceed immediately, with the two divisions, in the most expeditious manner towards the quarter which seems to be threatened...You will at the same time communicate the intelligence you receive to me, without a moments delay..." With the onset of cold weather, on November, 3, 1778, British General Sir Henry Clinton dispatched transports carrying 5,000 men from New York City southward. The letter has evidence of prior framing; with mat burn at margins, foxing, and some fading. There are mounting remnants at the edge on verso with slight show-through. Good Revolutionary War military content letters are eagerly collected and this one, linking the names of Generals Washington, Gates, and Sullivan is historically important and extremely desirable.

John Sullivan War Date Autograph Document Signed "Jno Sullivan". Two pages, 7.5" x 12.25", Durham, New Hampshire, April 20, 1780. Sullivan (1740-95), both a member of the Continental Congress and a major general, signed this document as an attorney for a plaintiff in a suit for debt. This piece is a testament to the rampant inflation in the sixth year of the Revolutionary War. Sullivan obtained a favorable judgment of £5630 for his client, a fantastic amount of money if it were not to be paid "in paper Currency" -- the very source of the inflation! Sullivan collected a fee of £20 for his services. Weak at folds, with pinholes at intersections, light toning, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Thomas Sumter Manuscript Document Signed "Thos Sumter," one page, 6.25" x 7.75", tipped at left edge to a 7" x 8.5" card. No place, August 14, 1783. In full, "Thomas Sumter the Plaintiff in this action being duly sworn maketh Oath that the Defendant Caleb Gayle is justly indebted to him in the Sum of Eighty Eight Spanish Milled Dollars and upwards due by joint promissory note." Beneath "Sworn before me": "this 14th day of Augt. 1783/David Rogers, J.P." Spanish dollars (also known as "pieces of eight") were silver coins, each worth eight reales (Spanish currency). It was legal tender in the United States until an Act of Congress discontinued the practice in 1857. Thomas Sumter fought in the French and Indian War and in the Revolutionary War. Elected a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1783, the year this document was signed, he declined to serve. Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor is named for him. Light stain at upper left from remnant on verso of red wax seal used before mailing. Fine condition.

Jonathan Trumbull Manuscript Document Signed "Jonth Trumbull Assist." five times, three pages, 7.5" x 12.25", front and verso. Lebanon, Connecticut, February 2-7, 1744/5. Begins, "To Jonathan Trumbull one of his Majesty's Assistants for the Colony of Connecticut, Comes Hannah Armstrong of Lebanon in the County of Windham Single Woman, and Complains and says that Benjamin Neguss of said Lebanon is guilty of having Carnal Knowledge of her Body, and begetting her with Child, of a Bastard Child by Fornication, on or about the Middle of the Month of July last part of which she is now pregnant, whereby the sd Hannah Armstrong is wronged and greatly Injured, and prays for Justice, and that the said Benjamin Neguss may be Arrested, and had before Authority to be Examined on the premises and Dealt with as to Law & Justice Appurtains..." Hannah Armstrong has made "her X mark." Trumbull orders the Sherriff of Wyndham County to arrest Neguss. He has signed this document "Jonth Trumbull Assist" five times, on all three pages, beneath statements of the constable who arrested Neguss, his plea, payment of a recognisance of £100, and order to appear, attesting that this document is a true copy of the original papers on file. Jonathan Trumbull became Governor of Connecticut in 1769 serving in that capacity until 1784. He was the only colonial Royal Governor to embrace the patriot cause and continued as first Governor of the new state. During the Revolutionary War, Trumbull was a friend and advisor to General Washington. Fine condition.

Cotton Tufts Autograph Letter Signed "Cotton Tufts," one page, 7.25" x 9". Weymouth, July 16, 1799. To Revd. Stephen Peabody. Damaged integral leaf addressed "[R]evd. Stephen Peabody" by Tufts. The letter, in part, "Least I should not have the Pleasure of seeing you at Weymouth, I have left with the President's Lady Forty Five Dollars & Sixty Cents which is in full for Money in Trust to the 1st Instant and also for the last Quarter Rent on Medford Farm (although I have not as yet receiv'd it)..." Tufts then tells Rev. Peabody, in detail, how he has disposed of "700 Dollars committed to my Trust for Mrs. Peabody." He concludes, "You see by this Statement that in the Negociation there is left a Balance of £12/6 due to you, this Balance I have carried to the credit of your Account - which have enclosed - the Receipt which is left with the Money you will sign and leave. I hope you will find time to visit us..." Cotton Tufts (1734-1815), Weymouth, Massachusetts, physician and former member of the Revolutionary Committee of Correspondence, was Abigail Adams' uncle. He refers to her in this letter penned while John Adams was President and she was "the President's Lady." Two years earlier, Rev. Stephen Peabody, a widower, had married the widow Elizabeth Smith Shaw, Abigail Adams' sister, so this letter has tremendous Adams family association. Light toning on right half of letter. Fine condition.

Artemas Ward Autograph Letter Signed "Artemas Ward," one page, 8" x 9.75". Philadelphia, April 30, 1794. Addressed by Ward on verso to "Honorable Samuel Holton (sic) Esquire/Danverse/Massachusetts," noted by Ward "To be left at the Post Office/in Salem," franked "Free Artemas Ward." Small circular postmark "30/AP," also stamped "FREE." In part, "Yesterday three letters came into my hands addressed to you, I took one of them to be the Insurgent Newspaper; therefore took the liberty to open it, & finding enclosed with the Newspaper a letter from the Secretary of Massachusetts which is enclosed. Winthrop Seargent came to day to me and told me had leave from you to open your letters, as he expected them for him, I accordingly permitted him to open one & he found enclosed to him, he therefore took it. Thus I have accounted for the three.The Senate yesterday rejected the bill that grew out of Clarks Resolves. I was rejoiced, as was Mrs. Smith when Seargent informed me you arrived safe at New York Thursday last..." On April 23rd, from committee, Congressman Abraham Clark, a Signer of the Declaration of Independence, had presented a bill "to suspend the importation of certain goods, wares, and merchandise" on the House floor. On April 25th, the House passed the bill 58-34. Ward voted against passage; Holten wasn't present. The bill made it "unlawful to import into the United States any goods, wares, or merchandise, whatever, of the growth, produce, or manufacture, of Great Britain or Ireland" because of "violations committed by Great Britain, on their neutral rights and commercial interests, as well as from her failure to execute the seventh article of the treaty of peace..." The Senate vote was 13-13. Vice President Adams voted "no" to break the tie and the Senate advised the House that it did not concur in this bill. Samuel Holten, a

Signer of the Articles of Confederation, was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1793-1795) when he received this letter from Artemas Ward. He had previously been a member of the Continental Congress (1778-1780, 1783-1785, 1787) and had served as its President pro tempore in 1785. Artemas Ward was a colleague of Holten's in the House, serving from 1791-1795. In the Revolutionary War, in 1775, Ward was appointed by the Continental Congress as Major General, second in command to General Washington. Portions missing at right margin and blank left margin from opening of letter. Seal tear at right margin affects three words. Otherwise, in fine condition.

Anthony Wayne Autograph Letter Signed "Anty Wayne," one page, 8" x 9.75". Savannah, June 1, 1790, to Edward Rutledge. In full, "I was honored with yours of the 21st April but purposely omitted answering it until I had an Opportunity of seeing & conversing with Major Pendleton & Major Forsyth - upon the subject - this delay I thought wou'd not be of any disadvantage as I had in a great manner anticipated your wishes by a letter to Mrs Greene of the 22nd Feby of which the inclosed is a Copy - I have now confirmed upon Oath the circumstances & facts therein mentioned before your brother who waits whilst I am writing & only permits me time to assure you that I am with sincere Esteem." Catharine "Caty" Littlefield and Nathaniel Greene were married from 1774 until his sudden death in 1786, leaving her a 32-year-old widow with five children. During the time he commanded the Southern Department of the Continental Army, General Greene, finding a shortage of the food, clothing, and equipment needed for his soldiers, purchased what was needed using his own money, anticipating reimbursement from the Continental Congress. He even signed promissory notes, giving his property as a guarantee of payment. But Congress didn't have funds to reimburse Greene, so he borrowed money from his friends to pay off some of his notes. After his death, Mrs. Greene was forced to borrow money from friends for living expenses. When Washington became President in 1789, he advised her to press Congress for reimbursement. Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton became her chief advisor and Secretary of War Henry Knox prepared the claim and suggested what documents she required to support her case. She returned to her home in Georgia, hired Major Nathaniel Pendleton as her lawyer, and began gathered affidavits, documents and eyewitness testimonies to her husband's expenditures. Among the evidence presented before Congress was a 1784 assignment from Major Robert Forsyth to Greene of debts due Hunter, Banks, & Co., a company that supplied the army with provisions. Forsyth had served under Greene and was a partner in Hunter, Banks. After the war, Wayne moved from Pennsylvania to Georgia and settled upon a tract of land granted him by the state for his military service, adjoining Greene's plantation. Edward Rutledge, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, was co-executor of General Greene's estate. Among the affidavits given her, and submitted to Congress, was one from General Anthony Wayne. In this letter to Rutledge from Savannah, Wayne notes he had sent a letter to Mrs. Greene and had "confirmed upon Oath the circumstances & facts therein mentioned." Wayne tells Rutledge that his brother (Supreme Court Justice John Rutledge) was present while he signed the affidavit and wrote this letter. Justice Rutledge had been in neighboring South Carolina in May for the convening of the Circuit Court for the District of South Carolina. Later in 1790, "Mad Anthony" Wayne was elected to Congress. After being sworn in on March 4, 1791, he spoke with his new colleagues, garnering support for Mrs. Greene's petition. A bill was introduced in the House. But then evidence was presented that his election was rigged and on March 16, 1792, it was resolved unanimously, by a vote of 58-0, "That Anthony Wayne was not duly elected a Member of this House." Without her greatest supporter in the House, Mrs. Greene feared the worst. The vote was close; on April 4, 1792, the House approved the bill, 29-26. Wayne was unemployed for less than four weeks. In the midst of Senate deliberations, on April 9, 1792, President Washington nominated Wayne as Major General to succeed Arthur St. Clair whose army was soundly defeated by the Miami Indians in battle on November 4, 1791. Only the Senate is required to consent to presidential nominations and on April 11th, it did. After the Senate passed Mrs. Greene's bill, it was sent to the President. The Journal of the House of Representatives reported that on April 27, 1792, "A message was received from the President of the United States, by Mr. Lear, his Secretary, notifying that the President did, this day, approve and sign an act which originated in this House, entitled 'An act to indemnify the estate of the late Major General Nathaniel Greene for a certain bond entered into by him, during the late war.'" Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton signed a government check payable to Catharine Greene for $23,500 and a promissory note for another $23,500 payable by Congress within three years. Light soiling. Fine condition.

Revolutionary War General Samuel B. Webb Document Signed "Saml B. Webb Col," one page, 8" x 5". West Point, June 10, 1783. In full, "This may certify that John Mix Esqr. served in the Regiment under my command in the Character of a Lieut. From January 1781 to the date hereof." The name "John Mix Esqr." is in Webb's hand. He signed as Colonel, 3rd Connecticut Regiment. Partial separation at top half of mid-vertical fold. Accompanied by a partly printed DS "John Mix," one page, 8" x 6.25". Hartford, April 2, 1783. Receipt of "Sixty Nine Pounds Fifteen Shillings & Ten Pence being the Balance due to me..." signed by Lt. Mix. Both documents are in fine condition.

Joshua Wentworth Autograph Document Signed "Josh. Wentworth," one page, 7.25" x 12". Integral leaf inlaid to 8.25" x 14". Portsmouth, N.H., March 18, 1776. Addressed by Wentworth on "To/The Honorable/Mesheack (sic) Weare Esq./President of the Councill/for the Colony of N. Hamps./at Exeter." Begins "Colony of New Hampshire. To the Honorable The President & Council And the Honorable House of Representatives for the Colony aforesaid in General Court Assembled." In part (spelling uncorrected), "The memorial of Joshua Wentworth, Agent, for all Prizes taken & brought into the Port of Piscataqua by any of the Arm'd Vessels in the service of the Continent, To Your Honours shew'z That your Memorialist having two Vessels & Cargo's under his Care in this Port, which was taken by Sundry of the Arm'd Vessels aforesd. And being Inform'd that Your Honours had appointed Doct. Joshua Bracket Judge of the Court of Admiltry for this Colony; apply to him to know wether he was prepared to Viewe Petitions for Libbleing said Prizes..." After vessels were captured, those who felt they were entitled to share in the cargo (prizes) would libel (institute a suit) in the Admiralty Court. Late in 1775, the Continental Congress urged upon the colonies the enactment of laws in regard to privateering. Captured prizes, which might include non-British vessels carrying contraband goods, had to be brought into a United States port and there be libelled, tried, and as was usually the case, condemned and sold at auction. Admiralty Courts were established to hear such trials and render judgment. Dr. Joshua Brackett, judge at Portsmouth, was assisted by a jury of twelve men. General Washington had appointed Joshua Wentworth as provincial prize agent of New Hampshire in 1775. Elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress on April 1, 1779, Wentworth did not attend. Slight separation at slightly charred left edge of mid-horizontal fold on first page. Strengthened with brown tape at browned mid-horizontal folds on verso of letter and on the integral address leaf. Else in very good condition.

William Whipple Autograph Letter Signed "Wm. Whipple," two pages, 7.25" x 9", front and verso. Philadelphia, March 2, 1776 (but inexplicably dated 1775 - see below). To Honble Col. [Meshech] Weare. Original spelling. In full, "I arriv'd here ye 28 Ulto the Roads were so Extreem bad it was impossible for me to get here sooner. The Papers which Capt Long gave me seald up & directed to the President [John Hancock] I delivered on my arrival, they were yesterday read in Congress & referd to a Committee. My Coleague talks of leaving me in about a fortnight by that time I hope shall be able to forward the determination of Congress on the Petition for a Battalion, if your delegates could have been furnish'd with an estimate of the Colonial expences they might have improved them to advantage, but you may be assured we shall do the best we can without them, but I beg the acco[un]t may be sent forward as soon as possible or if the acco[un]ts cannot be got ready let me be furnished with a estimate both of the Continental & Provincial charges. I was much surprisd to find there was no instructions among the papers given me by Capt Long not a word about Purchasing the Flour which was so much talked of when I was last with the Committee if any thing of that sort is to be done I shod be glad to be advisd of it, as soon as possible for no doubt the Risque increases with the advancement of the season. The Congress have appointed six more Brigadier Generals four for the Southern & two for the Middle departments, its probable Genl. Lee will have the Command of the Southern Army. I have nothing new that I can communicate when I have you may be assured I shall be very particular & I hope shall hear from you often all the delegates except from New-Hampshire are furnishd weakly with all the transactions of their respective Colonies, & realy wish to be on a footing with them in that respect. I shall write to you again shortly In the meantime give me leave to assure you that I am with great Respect Your Most Obt. & Faithful Servt." Penned across the bottom in an unidentified contemporary hand: "This letter should be dated in 1776 instead of 1775, as Mr. Whipple was not chosen Delegate until 23 January 1776."

From the Journals of the Continental Congress for Friday, March 1, 1776: "A letter from the committee of safety of New Hampshire, with a petition from said colony, and sundry other papers, were read: Resolved, That the same be referred to a committee of three. The members chosen, Mr. [George] Wythe, Mr. [Carter] Braxton, and Mr. [Benjamin] Franklin." Footnote: "William Whipple reached Philadelphia on the 28th February, bringing these papers." There is no doubt whatsoever that this letter was penned by William Whipple in 1776 prior to his signing the Declaration of Independence. The appointments mentioned by Whipple are also recorded in the Journals of March 1, 1776.

On January 5, 1776, New Hampshire became the first American colony to adopt a formal constitution which served as the basic instrument of government until the state adopted a new constitution in 1784. Executive power was delegated to a Committee of Safety consisting of eight or ten legislative leaders. Col. Meshech Weare (1713-1786) was elected chairman of the Committee of Safety and, on June 15, 1776, became the first President (now called Governor) of New Hampshire, serving until June 1, 1785. Chipping at the left edge of the first page does not affect any of Whipple's writing. There is a 3" separation at the right of the lower fold not materially affecting the letter's appearance. Penned exactly four months before Congress voted to approve the resolution "That these United Colonies are, and, of right, ought to be, Free and Independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connexion [sic] between them, and the state of Great Britain, is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." A superb content letter of the workings of Congress relative to military appointments prior to independence during the first year of the American Revolution, written by a newly elected member of the Continental Congress upon his arrival in Philadelphia. In fine condition.

William Whipple Autograph Letter Signed "W W," one page, 7" x 9". Portsmouth, December 14, 1779. Integral leaf addressed to "Honble/Nath: Peabody Esqr/Member of Congress/Philadelphia." In full, "The two last posts brot [sic] me none of your favors this disappointment I hope will be made up by next post. Mr. Langdon arrived here ye 2d inst I suppose his departure was sudden but not unexpected by me. Genl Folsom will be with you before this comes to your hand to him I must refer you for news if he has any, for my post I have none when I have you may depend on having it by the earliest conveyance. This is only to remind you that I am still in existence." Nathaniel Peabody represented New Hampshire in the Continental Congress from April 1779 to 1780. Brigadier General William Whipple had served in the Continental Congress from 1776 until September 1779, and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. On September 6, 1779, newly elected N.H. delegate Woodbury Langdon wrote to his brother, John Langdon, from Philadelphia, in part, "I arrived here in ten days after I left home...The next day after my arrival here I took my Seat in Congress where I was very politely received. Genl. Whipple has been very obliging and has taken great care to introduce me to all the principal Characters in this Place. He is a very good and very usefull Member of Congress, he will set out this Week for home." Woodbury Langdon did not enjoy his time in Philadelphia and returned home in December. Revolutionary War Major General Nathaniel Folsom was added to New Hampshire's delegation. The letter is stained and there are seal tears on the integral leaf. The writing is dark and clear. In very good condition.

Anthony White Autograph Letter Signed "Anthy W. White," one page, 7.25" x 8.75". [Savannah, Georgia], July 18, 1782. Integral leaf addressed by White to "His honor/Governor Martin/Present [seal tear repaired]." In part, "Being under the necessity of attending to some business of my Regt. - I must request you will be obliging as to put Mr. William Houstoun's name in the list instead of my own, who I have yet to transact my Business at Tybee..." While Governor of Georgia (1782-1783), John Martin, a former Mayor of Savannah (1778), offered full pardons to all British soldiers that surrendered to General Anthony Wayne. In the Revolutionary War, Anthony W. White was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel of the 3rd New Jersey Regiment by the Continental Congress. Promoted to Colonel in 1780, he was ordered by General Washington to take command of the Southern Army's cavalry. Although the British surrendered at Yorktown on October 19, 1781, fighting did not immediately end elsewhere. Gen. Anthony Wayne was ordered to get the British out of Georgia. On June 14, 1782, Georgia's Royal Governor received orders to leave Savannah. On July 10th, the British evacuated the city and on July 11th, American forces marched in. Lieutenant Colonel Anthony W. White wrote this letter from Savannah just one week later! Slight separation at folds at edges, some repaired on verso. Boldly penned. Fine condition.

Declaration of Independence Signer William Williams ALS, "Wm. Williams", one page, 7.5" x 10.5", Lebanon, Connecticut, December 11, 1765, to a Reverend Jonathan Ashley, Deerfield, Massachusetts. Williams, a prosperous merchant, would later represent his state in the Continental Congress. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

William Williams Autograph Document Signed "Wm Williams Judge/Probate," one page, 6" x 7.5". Lebanon, District of Windham [Connecticut], June 24, 1785. In full, "These may inform & Certifie Whom it may Concern that Mr Amariah Rockwell of Coventry is duly appointed Sole Administrator on the Estate of his Son Daniel Rockwell of sd Town late a Soldier in the Connecticut Line of the Continental Army Decd & has given Bonds according to Law." Noted to be signed by Williams "in the absence of yr Clerk". Amariah Rockwell (1728-1800) was the father of Daniel Rockwell (1753-1777) who died at the age of 23 on May 2, 1777 at Coventry, Connecticut. Both had fought in the American Revolution. William Williams, a member of the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777, was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. From 1776-1804, he served as judge of the County Court of Windham and judge of probate for the Windham district from 1776-1808. In 1787, Williams was a member of the Connecticut convention that ratified the U.S. Constitution. With light folds, the document is in very fine condition.

Hugh Williamson Rare Autograph Letter Signed "Hu Williamson," 2.5 pages, 7.75" x 9.5", front and verso. Philadelphia, January 7, 1796. Addressed by Williamson on verso of the third page to "Mr Moses Fisk/ Indian Queen/ Philadelphia." The Indian Queen was a tavern/hotel across the street from Independence Hall. In part, "Not having seen the Land called the military reservation in the South Territory I cannot possibly give such description of it as your Note of yesterday would seem to require. Hearsay Evidence, & such is mine, would not be good in any Court of Law, perhaps in Conscience it might be satisfactory. The Lands were reserved for out Troops in consequence of a Bill that I brought into the Assembly in 1782 when I wished much to be of use to those men with whom I had served & suffered. From the most correct Information I could get I believed it then to be the best Tract of vacant Land in N Carolina. That whole Country beyond Cumberland Mountain was at first called Davidson County, from Genl Davidson a maternal Unkle [sic] of mine who fell in the Year 1781. My Aunt and Family afterwards settled within that reservation on the Land laid off for her Husband...From all that I have heard I infer without Doubt That the Military Reservation, except the Ridge between the Waters of Duck & Cumberland, is a Tract of very good Land. That the Lands on Red River, the NorthWest Corner of the Tract are light Lands, but generally arable and such as would be called pretty good in this Country. That the Lands to the Eastward of Red River and all the Land within the Reservation on the South Side of Cumberland River, the above described Ridge excepted, abound in Lime Stone and that those Lands in Point of Strength or fertility are not equaled by any thing that we have on this Side of the Mountain unless by the Lime Stone Land on Susquehannah beyond Lancaster, making this difference that the rich Cumberland lands being in Latitude 36 have the benefit of a more temperate Climate & longer Season of Vegetation and consequently will produce valuable Crops such as Cotton that would not grow in Pensylvania [sic], also better Crops of Corn...in many Cases there is a scarcity of Springs. Such a scarcity is also observed in Kentucke [sic], it is also observed above Lancaster & in Cumberland County in Pennsylvania & perhaps in all Counties where Lime Stone abounds...The Lands on the small Rivers that run into the Mississippi viz Hotike, forked Deer, Obion, Reel foot are very different in quality from those on Cumberland...The Land as I understand for Indigo Cotton or Wheat is rather better than the Cumberland Lands and equally good for Corn..."

Hugh Williamson (1735-1819), a signer of the Constitution, was surgeon general of the North Carolina troops in the American Revolution (1779-1782) and represented N.C. in the Continental Congress (1782-1785, 1788), and the U.S. House of Representatives (1790-1793). The N.C. Military Reservation was created in1782 in what is today known as north Middle Tennessee. Military warrants were issued to North Carolinians who served in the N.C. Continental Line during the American Revolution. They were redeemed for land within the Military Reservation. Moses Fisk (1760-1840) went to the areas he asked Williamson to describe. In 1805, Fisk surveyed the first village in what is now Hilham, Overton County, Tennessee. He moved there, becoming postmaster, road surveyor, and founder, in Hilham, of the first female academy in the south. Five months after Williamson wrote this letter, on June 1, 1796, President Washington signed the act stating, in part, "that the whole of the territory ceded to the United Sates by the State of North-Carolina shall be one State, and that the same is hereby declared to be one of the United States of America, on an equal footing with the original States, in all respects whatever, by the name and title the State of Tennessee." The second page of the letter has been affixed to an 8.25" x 11" red card by a 1.5" x 0.5" strip of tape at the lower edge (light show-through) covering the last few words of the last line of the page which is hidden in the image. There are tears and paper loss on the address leaf (verso of third page) not touching any writing and a small tear at the edge of the first leaf where the letter was opened by Fisk. Hugh Williamson's autograph is rare in any form. This is a particularly attractive example in fine condition with interesting North Carolina/ Tennessee content.

Oliver Wolcott, Sr. Two Autograph Documents Signed "O Wolcott Judge" twice, on one 7.75" x 10.5" page, inlaid to 8.25" x 11.25". [Litchfield, Connecticut], May 16, 1782. Document on top, headed, "Additional Debts agt the Estate of David Weslover," listing nine names totaling £22.14.6. The lower document is headed "An Account of Estate Not truly Inventoried on/the Estate of David Weslover and which/ought to be deducted therefrom," listing two items totaling £11.17.6. Oliver Wolcott, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, was a member of the Continental Congress (1776-1778, 1780-1783). There are light stains along the folds. Unsigned docket on verso by Wolcott. Each of the two ADsS is complete in itself and is in fine condition.

George Wythe Rare Autograph Letter Signed "G. Wythe," one page, 9.5" x 15". [Williamsburg, Virginia], June 11, 1771. Addressed by Wythe on verso "To/The hon. Robert Carter, esq;" Docketed in unknown contemporary hand: "Mr G. Wythe's letter to R. Carter/Dated 1771 but it is appre-/hended this letter was written in/1772." In full, "The executor of mr. Henry Randolph came to town this day, and we agreed to refer the affair of his slave, Moses Flood, to the arbitrament of mr Treasurer and mr. Blair who value the man to 100L and awarded us to pay that sum with 37..10..0, for interest, which I have paid accordingly. Perhaps you may hear of the fellow in Maryland, wither, it seems, he fled, and reclaim him for the benefit of the estate. John and Fidas tell me Anthony Hay, who I believe left not estate enough to pay his debts, had one of the horses; and John says he thinks a mr. Tabb of Amelia had the other, which I suspect he is mistaken in. do you recollect any thing about them? With the best wishes for the family at Nomini." George Wythe represented Williamsburg in the Virginia House of Burgesses from 1755 until it was dissolved by the royal governor in 1774. Wythe represented Virginia in the Continental Congress in 1775 and 1776 and signed the Declaration of Independence. A slaveholder, George Wythe became an abolitionist. He freed his slaves and supported them until they could earn a living by themselves. In his will, Wythe left property to his former slaves. Knowing this, his great-nephew, George Wythe Sweeney set out to poison the slaves and accidentally poisoned his 80-year-old great-uncle. Before he died, George Wythe disinherited his murdering nephew. Wythe ALsS are rare and this one is in fine condition with folds and frayed edges, and minor mounting remnants at edges on verso. It is particularly desirable because of its content. Wythe's emerging abolitionist views are apparent in this letter when, referring to a slave, he writes, "Perhaps you may hear of the fellow in Maryland, wither, it seems, he fled." Slaves were property, not "fellows."

[Constitution] 1788 Manuscript Notes from a Philadelphia Committee Meeting. 1¼ pages, 7.5" x 9.25", plain paper, Philadelphia, October 1, 1788. A group of important early Pennsylvania patriots meet to deliberate on how to elect representatives to the new U.S. Congress and who to pick to elect the president and vice president. It reads, in full,

"At a Meeting of a number of Gentlemen from the City & County of Philadelphia & from the Counties of Bucks, Chester, Lancaster, York, Cumberland, Berks, Northumberland, Montgomery, Dauphin & Huntingdon, convened for the Purpose of deliberating on the Mode of procuring Gentlemen to represent this State in the House of Representatives in the New Government, and to fix on proper Persons to elect the President and Vice President.

Resolved, that Henry Wynkoop Esqr. be requested to take the Chair and that Mr. James Campbell act as Secretary.

Resolved, that it is the Opinion of this Company that a Conference be held at the Borough of Lancaster on the first Monday in November next, in Order to fix on Tickets for the above Purpose.

Resolved, that Samuel Miles, John Nixon, Benjamin Rush, Hilary Baker, Walter Stuart, Henry Kammerer, Francis Gurney, Richard Wells, Tench Coxe, William McClay, William Rawle, Henry Wynkoop, and George Latimer be a Committee for the Purpose of informing the several Counties in the State of the proposed Meeting and to request their Deputations to it.

Resolved, that this Committee meet tomorrow Morning at 8.oClock, at the City Tavern for the Purpose aforesaid."

This important document certainly appears to be contemporary to the date noted. It is not signed, but very likely is in the hand of one of the important founding fathers named in the document (which reads like a "Who's Who" of early Pennsylvania politics). Many of the named individuals were in the delegation that ratified the U.S. Constitution just a few months earlier. Good condition with wear and separation at some of the folds, yet the writing is bold and legible. Worthy of detailed research.

American Revolution: The arrival of Rochembeau's army at Newport, Rhode Island. An extraordinary manuscript letter, one page, 8" x 12.5", [New York?], dating to early July, 1780, but mistakenly docketed on the verso "Intelligence May '[17]81". The unidentified correspondent reports the latest developments in British-occupied New York City. This document provided significant intelligence to Washington's army based in New Jersey. The account reports upon the arrival of thousands of French troops that would figure prominently in the 1781 siege of Yorktown. The informant recounts the arrival of Admiral "Arbuthnot with his Fleet with Troops on board has returned & is cruising off ----". After their successful expedition against Charleston in May 1780, the admiral intended to blockade Newport, where 5,500 French regulars had arrived under the command of Rochambeau. The correspondent continues with the arrival of:"A French Fleet with 7 Sail of the Line & 10.000 [sic] Troops arrived at Newport this is so far credited by some of the Loyalists that they appear to be in a great confusion". Initial confusion became panic as the large British force that had confronted the Americans at Springfield, New Jersey in late June retreated back to Staten Island: "the Troops on Staten island have their Baggage packed up & lay on their Arms 5000[?] in Number Comd by Skinner ---". Loyalists feared the worst, and thus began to sell off their property in anticipation of mandatory evacuation. The correspondent observed: "Many Vendues [auctions] in the City" commenting that "some think an evacuation will speedily take place others offer the Reason of their venduing is that there is Fleet going to Sail for England & they want Cash..." This is an impressive report which appears generally accurate excluding one false rumor: "Admiral [George] Rodney is said to be defeated in the West Indies & the Admiral a prisoner --- Pensacola taken ---". In fact, Rodney arrived in New York from the Leeward Islands on July 10, 1780, the same day Rochambeau reached Newport. (Boatner, 22). The correspondent also reported that "The Morrisaina Refugees[?] have joined Ward on Bergen & are building a Fort which is near compleat [sic] the Number of Men on Bergen [Neck, now Bayonne, N.J.] 300". Unfortunately, the armies under Washington and Rochambeau were unable to cooperate during the 1780 campaign, and thus New York City was unobtainable. The powerful British navy created an impregnable boundary around New York City, and the French were unable to gather the support necessary to counter the British force and break through the blockade. However, the following year the two armies successfully collaborated and captured Cornwallis' army at Yorktown. Intelligence reports, of which this is a rich example, were critical for the independence of America. Original spy reports from the American Revolution are seldom encountered in the marketplace. Provenance: Mary Benjamin, 1950. Light foxing, a few minor marginal tears and chips, usual folds, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

American Revolution: A Spy Reports on the Charleston Expedition of 1780 This is a very fine content manuscript letter, one page, 7.25" x 7", [near New York, circa December 27, 1779] which reports the departure of a British expeditionary force under General James Clinton and Admiral Marriot Arbuthnot, the force that later captured Charleston, South Carolina in May 1780. Addressed on verso to "Jonas Crane Newark, [N.J.]," the anonymous informant, who collected information while in British-occupied New York, reported that "Gen. Clinton sailed with 8000 Men, last Thursday [Dec. 23], said for Rhode Island -- last Saturday Eveng. Lay wind bound at [blank space] off Long island..." However, Clinton was actually en route to Charleston rather than Rhode Island. This false information was likely an intentional strategy to deliberately deceive the Americans in regards to actual British plans. The correspondent further states that "-- Arbuthnot's & his Fleet are absolutely sent for to the West Indies --" A statement which corresponds with other intelligence received by Washington at the time. General Samuel Parsons reported a similar account in a letter to Washington in which he was "inform'd that forty sails of transport fell down to the Narrows last Fryday [sic] said to be a fleet for England with Troops have been sailing down every day since..." Parsons also recounted a convention among the British officers that chose General Knyphausen to command the New York Garrison, and "on firing a Signal Gun it was observed that...Sr. Harry Clinton was to take his Passage in the Ship, this morning a large Fleet fell down to the Hook..." Parsons thus concluded that there would be two fleets in operation for two different purposes (Samuel Parsons to George Washington Dec. 23, 1779, Washington Papers, Ser. 4, Library of Congress)

Washington and his staff were dependant upon such operatives throughout the region to provide critical information regarding British movements. Unfortunately, those operatives were occasionally misinformed. In this case, our operative was correct in regards to the very large sailing fleet, and nearly guessed the correct infantry compliment (8,700) and identified the commanders -- if not their intentions -- correctly. The combined fleet under Arbuthnot and Clinton clear the bar at Sandy Hook on Monday, December 27, (Boatner, p. 106). In this report, the operative also provided valuable information concerning the British garrison "... left in New York 1 Hess[ian] Regt. The New Scotch Regt. Of Artillery -- on the main Battery 27 Guns of 24 Pounders 1 smaller g[un]. 3 pc. Of field Artillery - 6 pounds - nor Mortars but a vast Number of Shells -- They have nearly finished the Battery between Bayards Hill and the North River -- No talk of any Movements this Way -- left New York Yesterday Monday about 12 Clock..." The lack of enemy movement "this Way" (i.e. toward Washington's position) would have allowed the Continental Army to rest slightly more easily as they began their winter cantonment at Morristown, New Jersey. Unfortunately, the rebel forces at Charleston were not so fortunate.

Original spy reports from the American Revolution are seldom encountered in the marketplace. Provenance: Mary Benjamin, 1950. Contemporary loss to portion of letter resulting in a rough margin, light soiling, expected folds, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Revolutionary War Arms Content Autograph Letter Signed, "Benj. Flower", two pages with address panel, 7.75" x 9.25", Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 30, 1777, to Brigadier General Edward Hand, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It reads, "In my last to you of the 20th Instant, I mentioned the opinion of the Board of War with respect to P. Zantzinger's Rifles; I have since received yours of the 24th from Lancaster. The Board still thinks them too dear, and have ordered them not to be bought; and to make up the deficiency with repair'd ones, which shall be done soon. Your orders on me in favor Mr. Grats for the 120 Rifles at £6.10 - and Mr. Slough's 14 at £6.15 - shall be paid on demand. I think it needless to detain the Waggons on account of the arms, they can be sent after you with the ammunition &c from Carlisle, the expence arising from their detention must be very great, for it will take us some little time before we shall be able to dispatch them, however you may depend on having them as soon as possible, as I shall use every means in my power to hasten them to you." A few stains and smoothed folds as expected. Old archival tape repair over a small area of marginal loss resulting from seal breakage. Fine condition.
Colonel Benjamin Flower served the fledgling United States as a Commissioner of Military Stores and also as an officer in the Artillery Artifices Regiment. This splendid letter reflects the difficulties Americans faced when having to procure and transport arms. The "P. Zantzinger" referred to was likely Paul Zantzinger, a prosperous slave-holding merchant of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

(American Revolution) William Henshaw Autograph Letter Signed, two pages, 6" x 7.25", Boston, March, 13, 1778, to Major Little, regarding reimbursement for travel pay. He writes, in part: "Sir, the above is a true Copy of a Letter I recd. From Col. Little agreeable to the date above, and I think you can have no doubt in your mind, after you have conserved with Mr. Adams the Pay-Master, & Col. Jacob Gerrish who were both present at the time I left the Service but that I am entitled to the pay for Mileage home which was made up in the pay roll 300 miles, which is fifteen days at L18 P month..." In 1759 during the French and Indian War William Henshaw (1735-1820) was a lieutenant of provincial troops under Amherst. During the American Revolution, he was lieutenant-colonel of Little's regiment at the siege of Boston, and subsequently participated in the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, and Princeton. Partial fold separations, light toning, minor loss from seal tear, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

(American Revolution) Comfort Sands Autograph Letter Signed, one page with integral address leaf, 8" x 13" Fish Kill, January 10, 1782 concerning cattle delivered to West Point. Sands (1748-1843) was an influential New York merchant and supporter of the American Revolution. Officially he was the state auditor, but privately he ran ships through the British blockade. Here, he writes about a substandard herd of cattle which were driven to West Point for slaughter, in part: "Yesterday I came from West Point and found that the Cattle you had Sent there was not Merchantable & that they had Sent them Off again from the Point...if there was any more in Your Drove not to fitt [sic] to Kill to take them the same way..." Loss from seal tear at right margin, weak at folds, light toning, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

(American Revolution) Autograph Letter Signed of Salem, Massachusetts ship's master Thomas Newman, 1 page, 5.75" x 8.75", "Great Wishoromoa," February 11, 1776 to a friend informing him of the capture of his schooner by the British in Chesapeake Bay. He writes, in part (original spelling maintained): "Sir theses are to Inform of you of the unhap[p]y Misforune on the 30th of Jany Being Near ye Capes of Virginna with thy wind at thy Eastward and Coming On thick wether we thought proper To run into To ye Bay and unhappy fel[l] In with a sloop which was a Tender Belonging To the Other Man of ware within Musquit Shot Before we saw her Being thick of fogg and Rain thinking our selves Very Safe By Reason of it Being thick wether But ware Obligd To Serender To them they have Tacken from me all the Money and Every thing I had thy Mate and Jacob and ross are Now with me they Run from on board the Schooner some after we ware Taken I have Got my Liberty and am coming home By Land. Sir please To Inform my wife that I am well..." Partial separation at folds repaired on verso, remnants of integral address leaf at left, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

(American Revolution) Gerard Bancker Autograph Letter Signed, as Treasurer of New York. One page, 8.25" x 10.5", Poughkeepsie, Sept. 3,1783 to New York Attorney General, Egbert Benson, to request advice in regards to how he should deal with the lack of cooperation in the collection of taxes: "Of the whole of the Tax directed to be raised...only about £250, part of the Quota of the County of Albany have as yet been paid into the treasury... I have been...credibly informed that the Supervisors of the County of Ulster met, and unanimously determined not to make an apportionment...I would therefore wish for your official advice and direction as to the mode of proceedings..." Seven years of war drained the resources of the state. Therefore, two months before the British were to evacuate New York City, the state was at the breaking point. This is an excellent letter which illustrates the economic stress brought on by years of destructive and costly war. Lightly toned at extreme margins with minor chipping, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Whiskey Rebellion - Judge Richard Peters, Jr. Two Autograph Letters Signed and an Autograph Document Signed in full. The material concerns the transportation and trial of several prisoners captured in western Pennsylvania in the federal campaign against the Whiskey Rebellion in the autumn of 1794. Richard Peters (1744-1828) was the federal judge who, with U.S. Attorney William Rawle, accompanied the federal army sent to quell the rebellion in order to establish an orderly legal process for arrested suspects. Peters writes to David Lennox in an ALS, 1 page, 6.5" x 8", [no place], Oct. 18, 1794, who had been one of the two excise inspectors attacked in July, 1794 prompting George Washington to order General Henry Lee and 15,000 troops to march into western Pennsylvania. Peters, following the first round of arrests in October, asks that the prisoners, "[George] Wisegarver & [George] Lucas be separated from the Rest of the Prisoners. When you bring them before me let Lucas & Wiscarver be the last brought that I may sift the others well before these two appear. Mr. Espy has been kind enough to accommodate me with his Office to which you will please to have the Prisoners conducted." Because of the distances involved, as well as the difficulty in obtaining indictments due to the scarcity of evidence, the trials were not held until the spring of 1795. Writing again to Lenox in an ALS, 1 page, 8" x 9.5", [no place], March 6, 1795, Peters informs the marshal that "...the criminal trials will no be had till the 4th of May next. It will therefore be necessary that you should, by printed Notification, inform the Jurors & Witnesses of this Arrangement. But as I do not know that Mr [William] Rawle wishes to be done as to the Grand Jury & the Witnesses in the Part of the Prosecution. I think it best before you take any step to call on him & get his Directions to which I shall agree. It must be remembered that the people in the western Country were all told that public Notifications would be given in the News Papers of Philada., Carlisle & Pittsburg..." In the end, of the twenty prisoners brought east for trial, only two were convicted of treason and sentenced to hang. President Washington pardoned the two on the grounds that one was "insane", the other a "simpleton." Also together with an ADS, 1 page, 8.5" x 5", [no place], December 24, 1794, being a bill for $79.01 to "The United States...to Cash Expended...in conducting, William Bonham from Northumberland to Philadelphia with the assistance of those Gentleman & Returning..." A superb collection of material concerning the transport and trial of suspected participants in the Whiskey Rebellion. Richard Peters, Jr. (1744-1828) was a militia captain in the American Revolution, a Pennsylvania delegate to the Continental Congress, as well as a federal district judge and state senator. All three pieces bear the expected folds, some minor marginal losses, ADS lightly toned, else very good to fine condition. Rare. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Whiskey Rebellion - A Superb Archive of Material Documenting the March of Herman Husband and Other Prisoners to Philadelphia. Seventeen pieces, various sizes and places, October 22 to 29, 1794 being a series of bills for food and supplies for the captured prisoners and their guards as they slowly marched to Philadelphia for trial including invoices for food and lodging, often signed by the recipients. An important group that documents the journey of the radical Herman Husband who, together with several others, was marched under guard to Philadelphia about a month in advance of the main body of prisoners that were escorted at sword point by the Philadelphia Horse. Herman Husband (1724-95), a long-time radical and a celebrated North Carolina Regulator, was by the 1780s known as "The Philosopher of the Allegheny," the author of numerous political pamphlets. Around the same period, he moved to western Pennsylvania and in the early 1790s became very much a part of the resistance against the excise on whiskey, though argued against violent resistance. Despite his moderation, he too was arrested in 1794 and marched to Philadelphia. The archive provides an intimate picture of the daily movement of Husband and other prisoners tracing their arduous route from the wilds of western Pennsylvania toward Philadelphia with documents dated at "Top of Sidling Hill" and "Great Cove" (October 23); "Cove Gap" (October 24); "Russell's Tavern" (October 25); "Wright's Ferry" and "York Town" (October 27); and "Susquehanna Ferry", "White Horse" and "Lancaster" (October 28). Includes bills for horse feed as well as food and drink for the prisoners as well as the "Escort of Prisoners under Capt. Blanchard" including oats, hay cider, brandy as well as breakfasts, dinners and suppers. The documents indicate the entire complement was no more than 18 including guards and prisoners and judging from the rate of progress across the state, all were on horseback. Of all the suspects arrested by federal authorities, only 20 ultimately were deemed important enough to be sent to Philadelphia for trial. None were ever convicted, and all but Herman Husband, returned home. The hard eastward march proved too much for the 70 year-old Husband -- he died during his return in June 1795. A terrific archive of material. Sources: Thomas P. Slaughter, The Whiskey Rebellion Frontier Epilogue to the American Revolution (New York, 1986); William Hogeland, The Whiskey Rebellion... (New York, 2006). Usual folds, light soiling and toning, a few marginal chips and tears, else very good. Tremendous content and history. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Whiskey Rebellion - An Important Grouping of Documents, 4 pieces, 8" x 12" each (approx.), various places, February 11-14, 1795. Includes a lengthy manuscript DS by federal district judge Richard Peters, Jr. (1744-1828) who accompanied the federal forces to western Pennsylvania and who presided over many of the resultant trials, 2 pages, [Philadelphia], February 14, 1795, being a copy of a bill to United States from Marshal David Lennox. Lennox was one of the revenue collectors attacked in the summer of 1794, prompting military action against the rebellion. The invoice notes Lennox's expenses from June 1794 to January 1795 including attendance at grand and petit juries, serving summonses and the like. Of particular interest are several entries, amounting to several hundred dollars for paying "Capt. Peter Faulkner for thee expences [sic] of an Escort who conducted from Northumberland county to Philadelphia Wm. Bonham charged with treason...paid...by Judge Peters...Paid sundry expences of the Judiciary (on the Western expedition from Bedford to Wright's [Tavern]...Paid Jno. Blanchard for the expences of an Escort who conducted from Bedford to Philadelphia Herman Husbands [sic], Robert Philson, George Lucas & George Wiscarver..." Herman Husband (1724-95), a long-time radical and a celebrated North Carolina Regulator, was by the 1780s known as "The Philosopher of the Allegheny," the author of numerous political pamphlets. Around the same period he moved to western Pennsylvania and in the early 1790s became very much part of the resistance against the excise on whiskey, though he argued against violent resistance. Despite his moderation, he too was arrested in 1794 and marched to Philadelphia. Though released, his health was compromised by the long journey and imprisonment, and he died on his return home in June 1795. Peters signs the document attesting to the accuracy of Lennox's claims. Three days earlier, Peters endorsed another bill from Lennox, manuscript document, 1 page, 8.5" x 10.5", Philadelphia, January 1, 1795, this one including monies "Paid the Guide for the party who apprehended Harmon Husbands & Robert Philson...Ditto for the Guide to the party who apprehended George Weiscarver & Geo. Lucas...paid George Smith Gaoler of Bedford County for the substance of Husbands' Philson Weiscarver & Lucas..." Offered together with two related documents, one endorsed and signed by David Lennox "David Lenox", 1 page, 8" x 13", [no place] February 12, 1795 certifying that "...J. D. Blanchard was appointed to the Command of the Party who conducted from Bedford to Philadelphia...charged with Treason against the United States..." Light toning, a few marginal tears, usual folds, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Whiskey Rebellion - Important Manuscript Document Listing the Persons arrested in the Whiskey Rebellion. 2 pages, 8" x 10", [no place] March 4, [1795] being a "List of Prisoners Committed for Crimes against the United States" listing the names of thirty men arrested after federal troops marched into western Pennsylvania to suppress the Whiskey Rebellion including the noted radical Herman Husband and sheriffs John Hamilton and John Corbley. It also includes the only two men who were ultimately convicted and sentenced to execution in relation to the Whiskey Rebellion -- later pardoned by President Washington: Philip Wigle, and John Mitchell. The document, kept between the fall of 1794 and late winter 1795, chronicles the fates of various prisoners as they awaited trials that would not be held until the spring, noting when various men were bailed out of prison and when others were committed to jail. The names include the 20 men who were "Committed 25th Decmr. 1794" including James Kirr, John Hamilton, John Lochery, John Corbley, John Black, David Bolton, Thomas Sedgwick, William Crawford, James Steward, Robert Porter, John Barnett, Thomas Miller, Samuel Nye, Philip Wigle (misspelled "Vigel" in text), Joseph Posey, Marmaduke Curtis, Thomas Burney, Joseph Scot, Caleb Mountz, and Isaac Walker. Those prisoners "Committed 29th October 1794" included Herman Husband (misspelled "Husbands" in text), Robert Philson, George Wiscarver, and George Lucas. Several others, imprisoned on various dates included John Mitchell, John Cresswel, William Bonham, James Brown "Alias Sadler", Henry Cuzzins and Thomas Hill, the last three were "Committed 12 Dec 1794 by Judge Peters for Piracy". All of these men would ultimately be released for want of evidence. An incredible piece of documentation from the first serious test of federal authority under the recently ratified constitution. Richard Peters, Jr. (1744-1828) was a militia captain in the American Revolution, a Pennsylvania delegate to the Continental Congress, as well as a federal district judge and state senator. Usual folds, a few minor marginal fold splits, else near fine. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

[Whiskey Rebellion: Alexander J. Dallas]. Autograph Document Signed "Peter Baynton, Treasurer," one page, 8" x 5.5". Treasury Office, July 23, 1800. In full, "Received of Alexander J. Dallas Esquire (by the Hands of John Donaldson, Esquire) One thousand one hundred & fifty eight Dollars and eight Cents on Account of Monies advanced to him as Pay Master of the Pennsylvania Militia on the Expedition against the Insurgents in the Year 1794 - for which I have signed two Receipts of the Same Tenor and Date." In 1791, the national government instituted the first federal excise tax on spirits. This eliminated most of the profits and farmers in western Pennsylvania began attacks on tax agents. These attacks continued until the summer of 1794 when a federal marshal was attacked and the home of a regional inspector was burned. On August 7, 1794, President Washington issued a proclamation, calling out the militia and commanding "all persons, being insurgents...to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes." The rebellion was suppressed by an overwhelming army of approximately 13,000. Alexander J. Dallas, Secretary of Pennsylvania from 1791-1801, was Paymaster of the Pennsylvania militia and Paymaster General for the federal forces. Peter Baynton served as Pennsylvania Treasurer from 1797-1801. Slight chipping at left edge. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

American Revolution on the Pennsylvania Frontier - Daniel Rees Autograph Letter Signed. 1 page, 8" x 12.5" [Sudury] "North[umberlan]d County" [Pennsylvania.] May 3, 1781 with integral address leaf to "John Lukens Esquire Lawyer Gen. of the state of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia." He writes to "Friend Lukens," In part: "I embrace this opportunity to inform you, our county is breaking fast, before we got assistance our frontiers were obliged to break, and so we continue driving up leaving the county we have so frequent alarms, & our people a butchering and captivating, that I dread the total destruction of the county without something turns up and not get seen..." Fortunately for Rees and Lukens, the victory of Yorktown would finally turn the tide in favor of the American cause, after years of disappointing campaigns and economic devastation. The Pennsylvania and New York frontiers in 1781 were alive with alarms warning of loyalist and Indian attacks. Years of raids by loyalists and their Indian allies caused many to abandon frontier settlements. Light foxing usual folds, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

[Boston Massacre] 1770 Merchant Letter Reference. An autograph letter from the London firm of Hayley and Hopkins to the Newport firm of Samuel and William Vernon, two pages with integral address leaf, 7.5" x 9", plain paper, April 26, 1770. The Boston Massacre was an incident involving the deaths of five American civilians at the hands of British troops on March 5, 1770 when a tense situation due to a heavy British military presence boiled over inciting a riot between soldiers and civilians. This letter reads, in part, "...The above is copy of our last respects... The nails you deisred are shipp'd on board the Frederick... the vessel we understand sailed from thence a few days ago but our agent has neglected sending up the invoice to us. We must therefore beg your excuse for not forwarding it by this opportunity, w'ch will not be of any great consequence as you will receive one from him with the goods. We have just now rec't your favours of 10th and 11th March by Capt. Gilbert. We are much obliged to you for the contents of that of the 11th respecting the horrid Massacre at Boston. The Insurances you desire on the Othello & the Royal Charlotte shall be taken care of & executed immediately... The Tea & other goods w'ch you desire may be shipped provided the Revenue Acts are repealed & not otherwise shall be of course obliged to omitt till we have your further orders respecting them as the Tea duty is not repealed & as far as we can understand is not likely to be so We are very respectfully, Gentlemen,... Since we wrote the above we have rec't the invoice of the nails shipped at Bristol w'ch we now enclose..." Fine condition with minor old glassine repairs affecting no text.

Interestingly, Samuel and William Vernon were merchants who made much of their wealth trafficking in slaves. Newport ships took New England rum to Africa to purchase slaves which they took to the West Indies to trade for molasses which they then used to make more rum. At times, they would take the slaves to South Carolina to trade for rice. Between 1725 and 1808, Newport ships took approximately 100,000 people into slavery.

[Boston Massacre] Benjamin Church: An Oration Delivered March Fifth, 1773. At the Request of the Inhabitants of the Town of Boston; to Commemorate the Bloody tragedy of the Fifth of March, 1770. (Boston: [Joseph Greenleaf] Printed and sold at the New Printing Office, in Hanover-Street near Concert-Hall, 1773), first edition, 20 pages, 8vo (9.5" x 7.5"), half-titled paper wraps with full, black-bordered full-title page. Sabin 12983; Evans 12721 (var.). Foxing and toning, marginal losses and chipping. This is the first of four 1773 editions of this landmark address, delivered on the third anniversary of the Boston Massacre and nine months before the Boston Tea Party. The oration was so well received that a committee including John Hancock, James Otis, Samuel Adams, Joseph Warren, and other leading Boston Whigs requested a copy of the oration for publication.

Dr. Benjamin Church (1734-1776) was a friend of Samuel Adams and had been a reliable Whig writer for some time, contributing to the Times in the late 1760s, which had been denounced for sedition by Governor Francis Bernard. At some time afterwards, Church secretly switched his allegiance but was not discovered until years later. Unaware of Church's duplicity, the leading patriots of Boston chose him to deliver this oration on the Boston Massacre. Nine months later Church would be one of the leaders of the Boston Tea Party. At the start of the war, he had been appointed surgeon-general for the colony of Massachusetts. However, in November 1775, Elbridge Gerry intercepted a series ciphered letters from Church to Governor Thomas Hutchinson, and following an examination by the Massachusetts legislature, who found Church guilty of treason and sentenced him to life in prison. In light of this powerful oration, together with his other services to the Whig cause, the revelation of his treason must have been a source of profound disappointment to his comrades. He soon fell sick and his sentence was suspended in exchange for exile; he sailed from Boston, presumably for the West Indies, but the vessel on which he took passage was never heard from again. An excellent and rare imprint.

Rare Manuscript Document Pertaining to Shay's Rebellion, one page, 7.5" x 9", Massachusetts, May 1, 1787. A militia quartermaster's "Pay Roll for Simon Edgell for services in the Government Army employed by Colo. John Gleason in the late rebellion at the west part of this State". This is one soldier's timesheet for the month of February 1787. Toned, with smoothed folds, very good condition.
Freed of colonial shackles, Americans were quick to test authority during the late 18th century. Commencing on August 29, 1786 Revolutionary War veteran and hero Daniel P. Shays led an all-out armed revolt against tax collectors in western Massachusetts. Beaten down by the Boston establishment, Shays was eventually pardoned by none other than John Hancock. The 'rebellion', however, has been credited as an influencing factor in the creation of the United States Constitution to define the powers of the federal government.

A Mid-19th Century Copy of a Contemporary Account of Bacon's Rebellion and William Berkeley's List of Executed Rebels. 27 pages in 7 disbound bifolia, no place, October 1847, in an unknown hand, ink. This interesting document recounts Bacon's Rebellion in 1675-76. Titled "The Beginning, Progress, and conclusion of Bacons rebellion in Virginia, in the years 1675 and 1676", the document begins: "About the year 1675, appear'd three prodigies in that Country which from the attending disasters were look'd upon as ominous presages. The one was a large comet, every evening for a week or more at the south-west...Another was fflights of pigeons, in breadth nigh a quarter of the midhemisphere, and of their length there was no visible end...The third strange appearance was swarms of fflyes about an inch long, and as big as the top of a man's little finger...My dwelling was in Northumberland, the lowest County on Potomack river, Stafford being the uppermost, where having also a plantation servants cattle &c. my overseer there had [agreed] with one Robt. Hen, to come thither and be my herdsman, who then lived ten miles above it, but on a Sabbath day morning in the summer anno 1675 people in their way to church, saw this Hen lying thwart his threshold, and an Indian without the door, both chopt on their heads, arms, and other parts - as if done with Indian hatchets the Indian was dead, but Hen when asked who did that? answered Doegs, Doegs and soon died - when a boy came out from under a bed where he had hid himself and told them that Indians had come at break of day and done these murders...ffrom this Englishman's blood did (by degrees) arise Bacon's rebellion with the following mischiefs, which overspread all Virginia and twice endangered Maryland, as by the ensuing account is evident of this horrid action..." The following pages describe in detail a first-hand account of the particulars of Bacon's Rebellion, up to and including Nathaniel Bacon's death. Bacon died of tuberculosis on October 26, 1676, and as a result, his rebellion collapsed. The last two pages here are Governor William Berkeley's "List of those that have been executed for the late rebellion in Virginia", including those Berkeley "Condemned at my house, and executed when Bacon lay before Jamestown." Both of these accounts are mid 19th century handwritten copies of known historical documents relating to Bacon's popular uprising in Virginia in 1676. The documents are in mostly very good or better condition, with some fold tears and paper loss at the left edges of the document.

American Revolution: Memorial to Congress by Continental Soldiers who feel they will be unfairly taxed by Pennsylvania, four pages, 7.75" x 13". [Philadelphia, c. 1778]. In part, "To The Honourable the Congress of the United States of America - The Memorial of certain Officers commissioned by Congress in continental Employ Humbly Sheweth That agreeable to the Constitution of the State of Pennsylvania a Bill entitled 'An Act to raise the supplies for the year 1779' hath been published for Consideration by Authority of the General Assembly to said state, in which act, inter alia, the following clause is contained Viz 'And that all and every Person & Persons, having using & exercising any Public office or Employment (such military officers who are or shall be in muster by the muster master general of the United States, or of this State, only excepted) shall yield and pay the sum of Five Shillings for every Twenty Shillings which he or they do receive in one year...'" The officers think this act is "unjust, oppressive and impolitic" and state their reasons including that "it is, in Fact taking the interests of the United States to assist the State of Pennsylvania in raising her Quota of the national debt. Your Memorialists consider themselves to be as much the Officers of the State of Massachusetts Bay, Virginia or South Carolina as they are of Pennsylvania; and that these or any of the United States have an equal right to tax Continental Salaries for their own Easement as the State of Pennsylvania has. That their residence as Officers in the City of Philadelphia is a fortuitous Circumstance, depending on the local situation of your Honourable House liable to be removed when and where Congress shall think fit to order..." Minor soiling and tears at edges. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

American Revolution - The Account Book and Pay Rolls of the second oldest U.S. Army post in the United States. Manuscript account book, 92 leaves 9" x 13.5", Carlisle, Pennsylvania, May, 1778 to July, 1779 kept by Major Charles Lukens, Commissary of Military Stores for the supply barracks established by the Continental Congress at Carlisle in 1776. Now home to Carlisle Barracks and the Army War College, it is the second oldest U.S. Army post in the country after West Point. Originally established in 1757 by the British as a staging point to mount expeditions against the Ohio Valley, the post was abandoned in the mid 1760s following the end of Pontiac's rebellion. During the American Revolution the fort again became a valuable strategic site, this time against the British. Patriotically named "Washingtonburgh" from 1776 to the end of the war, the post served as one of the main centers for arms ordnance supply, manufacture and repair together with the armory at Springfield, Massachusetts. The post also served as an artillery school under the direction of Captain Isaac Coren. The account book, covering a single year in the post's existence, provides superb detail on the operations of this critical post. A portion of the book consists of signed receipts for a wide variety of activities including the production of charcoal, the purchase of all manner of articles from compasses to bee's wax, candles, and even stoves. Other payments include wood cut on neighboring properties, payments for brick and shingles, as well as pay for services rendered by both civilians and soldiers. One entry notes the receipt of "14 Saw logs for the Use of the Publick [sic] Works & Gun Carriages..." Most of the payments were made by Major Charles Lukens, Commissary of Military Stores. The book also includes numerous payrolls for the "Company of Artillery & Artificers employed at Washingtonburgh Near Carlisle under command of Col. Benjamin Flowers Commissary Genl." Interestingly, there are numerous entries for "coaling" which would suggest that there was an iron furnace active at or near the site which would have made the production of artillery possible on-site. More research is necessary to ascertain this for certain however. At the very least the charcoal would have been necessary for smiths engaged in repair work and in the manufacture of cartridges. (See George Washington to Henry Knox, January 8, 1778 in The George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799 for more information.) A superb research tool documenting an early and historic U.S. military installation providing critical supplies essential to the success of the American Revolution. Paper cover split at spine with much post-war doodling, pages overall quite clean with ragged margins, overall very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Revolutionary War Document Pertaining to the Battle of Saratoga. Half-pay statement for Lt. Aaron Kelsey, with rare physician's account by Dr. Benjamin Gale, one page, 8.25" x 13.25", Hartford, Connecticut, May 13, 1778. This handwritten State of Connecticut account refers to Lt. Aaron Kelsey's wounding at the Battle of Bemis Heights (a.k.a. Second Battle of Saratoga) on September 19, 1777, during which he took a spray of buckshot through the leg. During the battle, a turning point in the war, Kelsey served under Colonel Thaddeus Cook, whose regiment had been called up to reinforce the troops of General Horatio Gates. Considerable credit for the success of the Continental Army at Saratoga was given to General Benedict Arnold, who turned coat less than three years later. This rare document, framed to a size of 13.5" x 16", is in very good condition with folds, minor staining and some slightly rough edges. The ink has faded slightly but is still completely legible.

Revolutionary War - Lot of Approximately 100 Connecticut Pay Receipts. An amazing and historical archive of 1780-1783 era partly-printed and manuscript Documents Signed, many of which are receipts and orders for payment from the Pay-Table Committee in Hartford. The Pay Table, a rotating committee of four active during the Revolutionary War period, handled the military finances for the colony of Connecticut. This group of documents will include signatures of various notables such as Fenn Wadsworth, William Moseley, John Lawrence, Eleazar Wales, Oliver Wolcott Jr., Ralph Pomeroy, and Sam Wyllys as well as many war heroes from the period. A treasure trove for the collector or dealer. Most documents are 8vo or smaller and are generally in very good condition.

Five Signatures by Early Americans A nice collector's lot of five clipped signatures by: Roger Sherman, Signer of the Declaration; Edmund Randolph, as Secretary of State; Thomas Pinckney, Revolutionary War Captain and later governor of South Carolina; Charles Pinckney, Signer of the Constitution; and Nicholas Biddle, president of the U.S. Bank. Overall condition is good, should be viewed.

Revolutionary War Officers and Staff under George Washington This lot of five documents includes:
Joseph Reed Bank Draft Signed 1 page, 7.25" x 4", Philadelphia, April 1, 1779. Written in another hand but signed "Jos. Reed / President" as President of Pennsylvania's Supreme Executive Council. Joseph Reed (1741-1785) served as Washington's military secretary. Condition: good with folds, some staining and corner chips
Robert H. Harrison ALS, 3 pages, 6" x 7.5", March 12, 1788. This letter written by Washington aide Robert H. Harrison (1745-1790) is boldly signed "Rob: H: Harrison". Condition: fair-good with staining, a tear at the spine, and a 1-inch hole left by the original wax seal
Ralph Izard ALS 3 pages, 7.5" x 9.75", New York, October 19, 1789, signed "Ra. Izard." Condition: very good with folds and a slight bit of browning at the edges
Aaron Ogden Transportation Receipt Signed Two pages, 7.75" x 6.25", July 25, 1800. Partly written in another hand, this receipt signed "Aa. Ogden" by Continental Army officer Aaron Ogden (1756-1839) dates to his tenure as a lieutenant colonel in the new U.S. Army (1799-1800). In his later years, he continued as a transportation executive, running a steamship company that eventually was bankrupted by competition from James Fulton and Robert Livingston. Condition: good with folds, some staining and minor wear at the top edge
Tobias Lear ALS, 1 page, 7.75" x 9.75", July 22, 1816, written less than two months before his death. At the time of writing, Lear was serving as Secretary of War in the James Madison administration. Signed "Your Mo. Obed. Servt: Tobias Lear." Condition: good with folds, minor stains and chipping on the bottom corners

George Washington's Aides-de-Camp Group of six documents signed by Revolutionary War officers, who notably served as aides to General Washington during the War. Includes:
Richard Cary ALS, one page, 8" x 12", Cooperstown, May, 19, 1804, addressed to Charles and George Webster, his creditors. Cary is pressed to repay a debt and pleads for more time: "I now intreat of you as a particular favor, that you will not crowd me at present... I have as much as I can bear... there is no danger of your losing your debt..." Archival mending to verso, large chip likely from opening of wax seal which has been restored, and a small hole resulting from ink burn.
John Fitzgerald ALS, one page, 8" x 12.5", "Alexa", Dec. 13, 1784, regarding invoicing and payments in bonds. Just good condition with separations at folds, also paper loss at wax seal and at bottom margin.
Benjamin Walker ALS, 7.5" x 12", Utica, June 10, 1809, transmitting funds. Usual mail folds with minor separations, with a few slight tears at top margin.
William S. Smith signature as surveyor on the verso of a ship's laden document, 7.5" x 6", circa August 1801. Smith served as Washington's aide from 1781 until the close of the war and later married the only daughter of John Adams.
William Palfrey DS, 2 pages, 8" x 12.5", Boston, June 14, 1770, regarding payment on property occupied by a relative jointly owned by him and his brother. William Palfrey, Washington's stepson, served as his aide for a brief period from March to April of 1776. He died at sea in 1780, while on a mission to France ordered by Congress. Separation and mail fold has been mended with archival tape.
David Cobb DS, 4 pages, 7.5" x 12.25", Massachusetts, June 1, 1791; a lengthy document signed on the first page. Lightly toned, with bold ink; overall condition is very good.

Scarce Revolutionary Pamphlet Published on Order of the Second Continental Congress Dealing With the Manufacture of Gunpowder for the Cause of Independence. [Essays Upon the Making of Salt-Petre and Gun-Powder], [New York: Samuel London, 1776], this copy without title page, 39 pages, leaf C 6 (pages 35-36 included twice), text complete, bound in old half leather binding with marbled boards, marbled endpapers, 8vo (5.25" x 8.5"), significant scuffing to boards, corners and spine worn, the usual scattered light to moderate foxing, pages uniformly toned, heavy edge wear and small closed tear (within text) to the second copy of leaf C 6, tiny stab holes to inner margins and occasional small holes, else a very good copy in a custom quarter leather portfolio case with gilt titles on the spine.
One of the chronic problems facing the colonies throughout most of the American Revolution was the shortage of ammunition. The situation was complicated in large part by the decentralization of government and the burden of each colony to acquire their own munitions. A prevailing ignorance of the manufacturing process of gunpowder led John Hancock, the president of the Second Continental Congress, to issue the pamphlet on offer. From the preface: "In Committee on Safety, During the Recess of the Provincial Congress, January 17th, 1776 - The wicked practices of a corrupt Administration, and their hostile attempts to compel an obedience to several acts of the British Parliament, evidently subversive of all the rights and privileges, which, as God's rational creatures, we are entitled to, and as Englishmen have inherited by laws of our country, have constrained the inhabitants of these colonies to take up arms in defense of their lives, liberties and property. The Ministry, flattering themselves, that so young a country, unused to manufactures of every kind, will not be able to procure the means of defense within itself, have made, and will undoubtedly continue to make it a principle object of their attention, to preclude us from foreign supplies of military stores. This Committee would therefore conceive themselves most culpably deficient, in the discharge of their important trust, as Guardian of public security, should they not do all in their power to promote the manufacture of those articles...To that end, the Committee have thought it necessary to publish the following essays upon the manufacture of Salt-petre [sic] and gunpowder...by order of the Committee of Safety, Pierre Van Cortlandt, Chairman."

The Bill of Rights in One of the Earliest Newspaper Printings Known on page two of the Independent Chronicle and the Universal Advertiser for Thursday, October 1, 1789, Boston, Massachusetts, a four-page paper in fine condition with a superb, decorative woodcut in the masthead. Drafted by James Madison in 1789, at a time when disagreements between Federalists and Anti-Federalists threatened the ratification of the Constitution, the Bill of Rights calmed the fears of those who felt that not enough was being done to protect the basic principals of human liberties. As originally written and printed in this early newspaper, there were twelve proposed articles or amendments to the Constitution. Only the last ten were ratified by the required number of states by 1791 and they correspond to the first ten amendments as we know them today. An extremely important and historical newspaper.

John Blair Autograph Letter Signed "John Blair" as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, one page, 7.5" x 9.5". Williamsburg, March 29, 1793. Unknown recipient. In full, "I have this day drawn on you an order in favour of Galt & Barraud, physicians practicing here for 194 dols. 45 cents, payable to them, or order, out of my salary for the quarter ending this present month. I have also directed Mr. John Barnes, South Third Street, No. 19 - to send me some goods, of wch I know not the cost, but I wish you to pay him whatever his account may be above monies which I have left in his hands for that purpose. I have not yet any occasion for the residue of this quarter's salary, & therefore have no direction to give respecting it's appropriation - with sentiments of perfect esteem & respect." Docket on verso in unknown hand indicates the salary is "due the 1st of April." John Blair, one of only four signers of the Constitution not to have served in Congress, was a member of the first Supreme Court from 1789 until he resigned in 1796. His annual salary was $3500, or $875 per quarter. There are folds and show-through from the docket on verso. Handwritten letters of Blair are scarce. Fine condition.

George Clinton Partly Printed Document Signed "Geo: Clinton" as Governor of New York, one page, 10.75" x 8.25". On vellum. New York, May 6, 1784. Appointment of John Johnson as "Ensign of Captain Samuel Garretsons Company in the Regiment of Militia in the County of Kings whereof Rutgert Van Brunt Esquire is Lieutenant Colonel..." Kings County was one of the original 12 counties of the Province of New York, and Brooklyn was one of the original six towns within Kings County which eventually became the city of Brooklyn and then the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. George Clinton served as Governor of New York (1777-1795, 1801-1804) and Jefferson and Madison's Vice President from 1805 until his death in 1812. Signed beneath a paper seal affixed with blue ribbon at upper left. Rough lower right edge. Signature lightly rippled due to stain on verso.

George William Curtis Autograph Manuscript Signed in full. Ten pages on blue paper, 8" x 10", New York, September 5, 1856. Curtis, an accomplished author and orator, was one of founding members of the Republican Party. Here he writes what he styles as "a speech instead of a letter. I only wish I could come and say it instead of sending it..." In heated reaction to the caning of Sumner and the bloody events in Kansas that summer, Curtis lambastes Millard Fillmore for sowing the seeds of disunion, as well as any others who promoted slavery in the western territories, in very small part: "...Millard Fillmore's supporters in Congress, voted, to a man, against all investigations into, and redress of, the Kansas outrages - To a man, with one exception, they voted to allow the army to sustain the laws which a Missouri mob imposed upon Kansas. Their Council in the State of New York has expressly refused to condemn the Kansas tragedy, and it sustains Preston S. Brooks in his attack upon Charles Sumner. Their Council in the State of Alabama declared that any congressional act prohibiting the introduction of slaver into the territories, makes disunion a duty. The leader of Millard Fillmore's party in congress, Humphrey Marshall of Kentucky, declared 'I will first take care of the n*****s and then take care of the Irish and Dutch'...one of his supporters in from Tennessee has also stated in Congress that the South would not submit to any slavery restrictions in the territories...the slave class in the country will resort to the right of revolution in such legislation is attempted...when he [Fillmore] became President he made his own Cabinet a majority from the slave-states. He placed Daniel Webster at its head, after Mr. Webster had denied his whole political career in supporting the slave policy...Lusting for the Presidency he smiles a bland 'Union, Union , by all means', to the earnest prayer of the country...Without dignity, without the lustre of a solitary great principle; without a respectable chance of carrying a single state for himself, but possibly able to confuse the choice...by distracting votes..." This piece contains further fine content. Usual folds, a few minor chips at left margin, else fine. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

(New Orleans) Jonathan Dayton Autograph Letter Signed "Jona. Dayton." One page, 8" x 10", New Orleans, June 24, 1803 to an unknown correspondent. Dayton (1760-1824), a signer of the Constitution and at the time of this letter he was a Senator from New Jersey. In this letter he announces his arrival at New Orleans and makes important observations regarding the confused political situation there. In part: "... Altho' the right of deposit is established on it's former footing, the trade of this place has not revived as was expected. The present stagnation must however be ascribed in great measure to causes over which our country can have no direct controul [sic], viz. the precarious state of European politics. It is now a month at least since rumors of war recommenced, or about to recommence, have reached these territories, and have occasioned a slate of suspense, not a little embarrassing to people of all descriptions, but particularly so to the Spaniards of the French. Many of them fear to put their produce and their property afloat, whilst there exist so great a probability of it's meeting an enemy on the Atlantic cruising to make prize of it. The entire suspension of the expedition from Holland destined for Louisiana, & the scanty reinforcements of troops for the island of St. Domingo have made the demand for flour so limited as to reduce it to a drug & to leave it almost without price. The French Prefect is here indeed, but without troops, in consequence of which he is subject to many mortifications form the Spanish officers, all of whom regard the cession with dissatisfaction & disgust, & are consequently pleased with any event which promises to postpone or eventually to defeat it. I should write much more upon this subject, were it not for the closing of the mail..." They were completely unaware that in two weeks Thomas Jefferson would announce the Louisiana Purchase. The city was under formal American control by the end of the year. Dayton's visit to New Orleans caused him to break with the Federalist Party and argue in favor of the ratification of the treaty which doubled the size of the United States. Light folds, left margin reinforced on verso with paper, else fine.

Bunker Hill Monument: Edward Everett Autograph Letter Signed "Edward Everett," 3 pages, 8" x 9.5". Boston, March 1, 1825. Verso of third page addressed by Everett to "Thomas Aspinwall Esq./ Consul of U.S.A./ London." Three days before entering Congress, the 30-year-old future Governor of Massachusetts, Minister to England, Harvard president, and Secretary of State notifies the U.S. Consul in London that he has been elected a member of the "Bunker Hill Monument Association...a commencement will be made of erecting this Structure...The entire estimated expense of the Monument and of the spacious area, on the summit of Bunker Hill, (commonly so called,) in which it is to stand, is seventy five thousand dollars...[the Directors of the Association] have thought that it would be agreeable to the sons of New England beyond the ocean, to join their countrymen at home, in commemorating an event, by which the spirit and valor of New England, may be considered as having given a decided character to the revolutionary effort in America. Had the works on Bunker Hill been basely deserted or feebly defended on the 17th of June, 1775, there is little doubt that the army at Cambridge would have been dispersed, and a check - perhaps a fatal one - given to the War. In this event, it need not be said, that American enterprise and capital, instead of being now seen in every country of Europe and of Asia, would have had a mere nominal existence, in the British acts of Navigation. The Committee of the Directors would esteem themselves much indebted to you, if you would present this subject, sanctioned by your influence and favor, to the notice of the Americans, particularly the New Englanders, in your city..." Thomas Aspinwall, appointed U.S. Consul in London by President Madison in 1815, served until he was recalled by President Pierce in 1853. The Bunker Hill Monument Association was established on June 7, 1823. The Directors laid the cornerstone on June 17, 1825, three months after this letter was written and the 50th anniversary of the battle. Construction was frequently halted as available funds were depleted. In 1838, the Bunker Hill Monument Association began to sell off the ten acres of the battlefield as house lots, eventually preserving only the summit of what was commonly called Bunker's Hill (actually Breed's Hill) as the monument grounds. The capstone was laid on July 23, 1842, with the monument being dedicated on June 17, 1843. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Theodore Foster Autograph Letter Signed "Theodore Foster", 8 pages, 8" x 10", "Federal City" [Washington], December 22, 1801 to his former Senatorial colleague from Rhode Island Benjamin Bourne. Theodore Foster, (1752-1828), together with Bourne, was one of the first two Senators to represent Rhode Island after 1790 when it ratified the federal Constitution. Both men were staunch Federalists but following the acrimony of the late 1790s, the disillusioned Foster defected to Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans. Foster writes to his former colleague accusing the Federalists of base corruption, attempting to plunge the nation into civil war over the additional army issue, and interfering in the election of 1800. Foster's incendiary letter reads, in part: "...It is true we both of us, did when in Congress together give our support to former administrations. -- But (Tempora mutantur quanquam ego sum idem) The times have changed since you was in Congress, and in the two last years of the last presidency such unwise, imprudent, extravagant and ruinous measures were proposed, that in spite of all my friendships, for President Adams, personally;_ in spite of my high opinion of his honesty...I lost all confidence in his prudence and direction notwithstanding it was once great. -- Was I to relate to you, in detail, all the circumstances which have induced me, not only to acquiesce in, but cordially to support Mr. Jefferson's administration, so far as I think his Politicks wise and prudent it would make a volume instead of a common letter. -- Suffice it to say that in March 1799 when congress rose not a quarter of the members, I believe, had an idea that the additional Army was to be raised. None but the most hightoned of the hightoned federalists were trusted with the secret -- I knew nothing of it. But had been apprised positively and solemnly assured, by a gentleman who came purposely to my chamber, in order to induce me to give my vote to grant power of raising the Army, to the executive, that it should not be brought into the field, unless there was eminent [sic] danger of an Invasion of the country. I however voted against giving power, on the first reading of the bill in the senate. The only man from our state that voted against it. -- My fine colleague, Mr. Green, was greatly, very greatly distressed on that account. I was afraid the President could not withstand the force and urgency of the application of interested men, to organize the Army, if the power was granted, to rest solely in the Presidents discretion. -- I judged right. -- For immediately after congress rose, that year he was besieged, from all quarters, (to use his own expression) -- He yielded and was ruin -- and happy -- happy-thrice happy is it for our country that a civil war was not the result of that highly imprudent measure-which was attended with a profligacy of expenditure of the public money beyond all bounds of Reason, as if it was of no value; -- and as of the future Labour and Liberty of this country was not pledged to redeem it. Millions of dollars were thrown away, in the two last years of the last presidency-... Men who if they shared the plunder, cared not for the interest of or country. As a specimen let me turn attention to the expenditures only in the War Department in 1799 and 1800, where among other things equally astonishing we find $59,000 paid to General Lee of Virginia and some others concerned with him - $17,000 went to General Lee, 'for the iron ore contained in a tract of Land in the country of Berkeley in Virginia' - and $42,000 to Wm. Wilson, John Potts and George North, for the said land, when I have been assured by a member of Congress from that State, that it was the Universal opinion of the people Vicinity, acquainted with the business, that the whole was not worth five thousand dollars -- The disbursements to Henry Foxall and Robert Morris Jr, for the barracks and Laboratory etc on the Schuykill near Philadelphia were also extravagantly injudicious. ..." Foster then comments upon the election of 1800 and the intrigues in the Senate during the balloting for President accusing high Federalists of "preventing the Acquiescence in the Election of President Jefferson, when returned with Mr. Burr, whom they attempted to get elected President, by the House of Representatives, notwithstanding it was well known the former was wished for President by a very great Majority of the Nation. -- to the shame and disgrace of our Country, they kept up the ridiculous Farce of Balloting for Six Days without any attention of Votes, till they brought the country to the very Eve of a civil War. -- and when they found the Public Indignation universally rising against them, instead of manfully giving a vote for Mr. Jefferson, they resorted to the pitiful Expedient t putting in Blank Votes for some of the States and allowing one single Man of their Party, to absent himself that it might be said that not a single Federalist in Congress Voted for Mr. Jefferson..." Foster concludes, "...These and other things, which I could mention, induced me, (and thousands and ten of thousands of other moderate citizens of the United States (*witness new Jersey etc) who had been friendly to, and had supported the measures of former administrations on the ground that it was necessary that the nation should have a head, and that then their views were honest ad pure,) not only to see without regret, the Supreme executive power of our country transferred, by the national election, to an administration entirely new, but to become supporters of the new presidency with the Same Zeal that had been given to the former... " This piece contains more fine content, far too voluminous to transcribe here. Glue remnants at left margin on first page, usual folds, else near fine condition. This is remarkable content from the very beginning our national history. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Major General John C. Fremont Autograph Letter Signed, "J. C. Fremont," one page, 5" x 8", New York City, August 30, 1885, to C. W. Casey, San Francisco, California. The letter reads, "I have pleasure in complying with your request to put my name upon the card you enclosed." Some light soiling, old mounting tape along left margin. Excellent signature, very good condition.
John C. Fremont (1813 - 1890) a career soldier; he explored the far West and served as a U.S. Senator from California. The talented Fremont would earn further distinction in 1856 by becoming the Republican Party's first presidential candidate.

Hannibal Hamlin Autograph Letter Signed as Vice President, "H. Hamlin", one page, 7.5" x 9.75", Hamden, Maine, August 25, 1861, to Secretary of War Simon Cameron. In part: "We have in the city of Bangor a small number of Secessionists of the most virulent Sort. They are by their words doing all in their power in aid of rebellion. I do not know that any act constituting treason can be proved, but yet they are doing all in their power to aid rebellion, and sway all they can in our community against the Govt. They should be stopped at once...my purpose in addressing you now, is to know upon what data, you will proceed to act in arresting these men and aid us in suppressing rebellion - for it comes to just that..." Affixed at one margin inside a custom folder, with a 19th century engraving of Hamlin. The letter is on crisp, clean stock and grades very fine. Excellent content letter, written at a time when the country's future was in great peril. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Secretary of State John Hay Typed Letter Signed, just over one page, 5" x 7.5", Washington, D.C., July 11, 1902, to Robert Johnson of Century Magazine, New York. The letter reads: "That Garibaldi legend has more lives than a cat...There is possibly a shadow of foundation for the story. Of course, Lincoln never offered Garibaldi the command of the Union army. That is not only untrue but impossible; but it is altogether likely that when Mr. Sanford visited Garibaldi early in the war, he did suggest to him his appointment in some capacity in the Union army, which Garibaldi had sense enough to decline..." Marginal collector's notes in pencil and smoothed horizontal fold, else fine condition.
John Hay (1838-1905) was certainly in a position to know the truth behind the Garibaldi rumor. As a young man, Hay was a live-in personal secretary to Abraham Lincoln and was privy to the inner workings of the Federal Government. One can't help but wonder how the great Italian revolutionary would have performed had he led the Union Army. This could be the stuff of an 'alternate history' novel. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

John Jay Historic Manuscript Letter Signed "John Jay," three pages, 7.25" x 9", front and verso. New York, September 17, 1789. To William Short, Chargé des Affaires of the United States at the Court of France. In full, "In this Office no new appointments have as yet been made, so that the Business of it could not be conducted in a regular official Manner since the Organization of the present Government, by which the Validity of former Commissions had in the Opinion of many been rendered at least questionable. On the 16th day of June last the President consented to Mr. Jefferson's Return, and nominated You to take charge of our Affairs during his Absence - the Senate concurred in this Nomination, and nothing has since restrained me from conveying to you the necessary Documents, but the before mentioned State of this Department.- It was not until very lately that all Doubts respecting the Seal of the United States were removed, and this Circumstance will account for the Ratification of the Consular Convention having been postponed until then. You will now receive it herewith enclosed, and it is the Desire of the President that you present it for Exchange to the Minister without Delay, and transmit the one you will receive on their Part by the first good Opportunity that as soon as it shall arrive, the Convention may be published and take Effect. I think it more than probable that my letter to Mr. Jefferson of the 19th day of June last, informing him of his Leave of Absence came so seasonably to his Hands, as that we may soon expect to have the pleasure of seeing him; especially as Copies of it were dispatched by different Vessels. I have since received from him Letters of the following dates, Viz. 9th and 12th May 1789. I take it for granted that before his Departure he had so explained Matters to the Minister, as that he will have no Difficulty in considering you as charged with our Affairs, and in treating with you accordingly; for as nothing but ere Formalities are wanting, it is not likely that Objections will be made on that Account. Some of the latest public Papers will be sent with this." Docketed on the blank fourth page, "Jay Sep 17/Nov. 19" indicating it was received by Short in France on November 19, 1789.

On September 15, 1789, two days before Jay wrote this letter, Congress passed and President Washington signed "An Act to provide for the safe keeping of the Acts, Records, and Seal of the United States, and for other purposes." This law changed the name of the Department of Foreign Affairs to the Department of State because certain domestic duties were now assigned to the agency including custody of the Great Seal of the United States and the preparation, sealing, and recording of the commissions of presidential appointees. On September 24, 1789, a week after this letter, Washington nominated John Jay to be the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and, the next day, Thomas Jefferson the first U.S. Secretary of State succeeding Jay who had served as Secretary for Foreign Affairs since 1784. Jefferson returned to the United States and assumed his duties on March 22, 1790. Until then, Chief Justice Jay continued to be in charge of foreign relations.

On June 16, 1789, President Washington had notified the U.S. Senate, "Mr. Jefferson, the present Minister of the United States at the Court of France, having applied for permission to return home for a few months, and it appearing to me proper to comply with his request, it becomes necessary that some person be appointed to take charge of our affairs at that Court during his absence. For this purpose I nominate William Short, Esquire, and request your advice on the propriety of appointing him." From the Senate Executive Journal of June 17, 1789: "Ordered, That Mr. Jay examine the translation of the Consular Convention, and report his opinion as to its fidelity; and that he lay before the Senate all the papers in his custody relative to the negotiation, and whatever official papers and information on the subject he may possess. Proceeded to consider the nomination of William Short, Esquire, to take charge of the affairs of the United States at the Court of Versailles, as contained in the President's message received the 16th." On June 18th, the U.S. Senate "Resolved, That the President of the United States be informed that the Senate advise and consent to his appointment of William Short, Esquire, to take charge of our affairs at the Court of France, during the absence of. the Minister Plenipotentiary at that Court." The Consular Convention, negotiated by Jefferson and signed by him and Le Comte de Montmorin in Versailles on November 14, 1788, was consented to by the Senate on July 29, 1789. It defined and established the functions and privileges of French consuls in the United States and American consuls in France. On April 20, 1790, William Short was appointed to succeed Jefferson as Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of France.

The letter has a narrow 5.5"-long strip of paper affixed in the blank left margin of the first page, possibly where the "public Papers" or the Consular Convention mentioned by Jay was attached. It is in very fine condition. A magnificent letter of historical importance, it elucidates the state of foreign affairs existing six months after the First Congress convened and four months after Washington was inaugurated as first President. "No new appointments have as yet been made" and "the validity of former commissions" that had been issued have "been rendered at least questionable." Even the ratification of the Consular Convention with France was postponed because of "doubts respecting the Seal of the United States." Written by Jay just two days after the creation of the Department of State and seven days before he is nominated to be the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, this letter would be the cornerstone of any collection of American autographs.

Richard M. Johnson Autograph Letter Signed "Rh: M: Johnson," one page, 8" x 9.75". "City of W[ashington]," January 10, 1816. Recipient not identified. In part, "The Committee on Military Affairs have before them the subject of the Staff of the army. I understand from the Sec of War that he has written to you...The committee is desirous to act with promptness & of conveying any communication you can make from a long course of public service..." Richard M. Johnson, a colonel in the War of 1812 while serving in Congress, is credited by some historians with personally killing Indian Chief Tecumseh. He used this in his political career as he represented Kentucky in the House (1807-1819, 1829-1837) and Senate (1819-1829).He served as Van Buren's Vice President from 1837-1841. From the House Journal, February5, 1816: "Mr. Johnson, of Kentucky, from the committee on Military Affairs, reported a bill for organizing the general staff, and making further provision for the army of the United States, which was read the first and second time and committed to the committee of the whole House on the bill making provision for an additional military academy." The "additional military academy" was to be a naval academy which was eventually established at Annapolis 29 years later. The letter is water stained and toned, affecting its legibility. There are tears in the blank left margin. Penciled notations by a collector at top. In fair condition.

Robert F. Kennedy partly printed Document Signed "Robert F. Kennedy," two pages, 8.5" x 11", front and verso. New York, late 1950s. Application in Hungarian and English "for Hungarian visas or transit-visas by persons of foreign nationality." Rubber stamped: "Cosmos Travel Bureau, Inc./45 West 45th Street/New York 36, N.Y..." in upper left. Five of the 18 questions and RFK's typed answers: "Profession: Lawyer Washington, D.C...Purpose of visit to Hungary: Journalistic purposes...For how long do you wish to reside in Hungary? Two or three days...passport date of expiration Dec. 9, 1962...country of destination: By automobile from Yugoslavia." This application is undated except for a partial year (195_). Fine condition.

William Paterson and Henry Knox Manuscript Document Signed "Wm Paterson," "H Knox," "Benjn Henfrey," "Wm Bingham," "W Macpherson," "Anthy W. White," and "James Chambers," one page, 6.5" x 8". No place, March 13, 1795. In the hand of Benjamin Henfrey. In part, "Memorandum that we whose Names are hereunto Subscribed to Covenant promise and agree with Each Other to use our Separate and Joint Interest in Obtaining a right of preemption for the Lands mentioned in A Book known by the Title of Carvers Travels and Where he mentions having seen Vast Quantities of Virgin Copper..." American explorer Jonathan Carver published the first edition of his Travels through the Interior Parts of North America in the Years 1766, 1767, and 1768 in 1778, the first English description of the upper Great Lakes and Mississippi region. In his book, Carver wrote about traveling in northwest Wisconsin: "a considerable river falls into the lake [Superior], the head of which is composed of a great assembly of small streams. The river is remarkable for the abundance of virgin copper to be found on and near its banks."

William Paterson, a signer of the Constitution, was U.S. Senator (1789-1790), Governor of New Jersey (1790-1793), and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1793 until his death in 1806. Henry Knox was Washington's first secretary of war (1789-1794). William Bingham represented Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress (1786-1788) and U.S. Senate (1795-1801) and was also a land surveyor in northern Pennsylvania and southern New York; Binghamton, N.Y., is named in his honor. In 1802, Benjamin Henfrey, an Englishman who had emigrated to Pennsylvania, patented a method of making gas light and demonstrated his "thermo-lamp" in Baltimore, Richmond, and Philadelphia. William Macpherson was surveyor for the port of Philadelphia, Philadelphia port inspector (1792), and Philadelphia naval officer (1793). During the Whiskey Rebellion (1794), he was in command of a battalion of Philadelphia volunteers called "Macpherson's Blues." Anthony W. White served in the Continental Army in the American Revolution and as aide-de-camp to General Washington. In 1794, President Washington appointed White a general in the cavalry in the Whiskey Rebellion. Mounting strip on verso; a mid-vertical crease just touches the "A" of "Anthy." Fine condition.

Henry Knox Letter Signed "H. Knox" as Secretary of War. One page, 7.75" x 12.5", "War Department" [Philadelphia], September 14, 1793 to Samuel Hodgdon, with orders to "...send to Lieutenant Whistler at Hager's Town...suits of uniform clothing complete for three Sergeants, three corporals, and forty two Infantry - together with one horseman's and twelve common tents - also arms and accoutrements, and knapsacks complete for fifty men..." In consideration of the yellow fever epidemic then raging in Philadelphia he continues "that you would make an arrangement to have this clothing smoked, so as to prevent all possibility of infection. Let the same be done with the clothing for Major Butler." Unbeknownst to Knox, and for that matter Dr. Benjamin Rush who vainly attended to the sick and dying, the clothes with smoke would have no effect, as the fever was spread by mosquitoes. However, this cause of yellow fever would not be discovered for another century. The Philadelphia epidemic began in July and did not subside until the arrival of cold weather in November. The fever left thousands of deceased residents in its wake. Light folds, toned at extreme edges, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

John Marshall Autograph Letter Signed as Chief Justice, "J. Marshall". Two pages, 6.25" x 7.75", Richmond, June 25, 1823, to his nephew, Martin P. Marshall. An interesting letter regarding the handling of some family slaves in an estate matter. He writes, in part: "I was a good deal surprised the other day at a letter from Mr. Pollard to my son stating a very expensive & troublesome controversy...respecting the execution levied on my sisters dower slaves which had terminated in their restoration....I always understood that this suit was not...to affect my sister...I had supposed that the money was to come, from the estate of Coll. Davies, which was supposed to be ample for the purpose....The negroes were sold to him at his particular request, at a priced named by himself, & he was never pressed for the money. No security of any kind was required because unlimited confidence was placed in him...I...leave the business to your management, merely observing that I wish the money to come form Colo. Davies' heirs who have the negroes as I understand, & not from my sister, who , as I was originally told, has a separate allowance free from the debts of the estate..." Interestingly, Marshall as Chief Justice chose to exercise judicial review over many aspects of constitutional law and was quite reluctant to judge cases related to slavery. Minor loss to integral address panel from seal tear, light folds, else very good to fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Timothy Matlack. Continental Congress Delegate, Document Signed "T Matlack". One page, 25.5" x 14", on vellum, dated July 21, 1814, an indenture for land near Philadelphia, complete with all seals and endorsements, with fold creases, else very good. Timothy Matlack was a member of the Council of Safety in Philadelphia before and during the American Revolution. He engrossed the official copy of the United States Declaration of Independence on display in the National Archives.

William Moultrie Manuscript Letter Signed "Your most huml Serv/ Willm Moultrie/ Oct 11. 1793" as Governor of South Carolina, one page, 7.5" x 9". No place, unnamed recipient. In full, "Mr. Longchamp makes just now an Application to me, to request the Names of his Accusers of having been at the Head of the Negroes at ("the Cape" is crossed out) port au prince. I could not refuse him the Request. You will be so kind, Sir, to send me the Names of those mentioned persons, that Mr. Longchamp may have an Opportunity to justify himself as the Laws admit. I have the Honor to be." In 1791, slaves rebelled in the north part of Haiti. They massacred all the whites they encountered. The rebellion was put down in Cap Francais where the whites were able to defeat the slave rebels. Port-au-Prince was Haiti's largest city. In August 1793, the French administrator of Haiti abolished slavery. Evidently an acquaintance of William Moultrie, Governor of South Carolina from 1785-1787 and 1792-1794, was accused of helping the rebel slaves. Mounting strip at the edge on verso has resulted in minor creasing at the left margin.

[JOHN PENN] Petition of "The humble Address of Sundry Germans Freeholders and Inhabitants of the City of Philadelphia," addressed to John Penn as Lt. Governor. Two pages, 8" x 12.5", front and verso, c.1763, in the hand of Lewis Weiss who has signed the petition along with 40 other prominent German-Americans. In part, "We humbly beg leave to present to Your Honor an English translation of some Rules or Articles into which we have lately entered for establishing a Contributionship or Society for the relief of such poor distressed and Sick Germans as have arrived some Months Since or hereafter shall arrive from Europe into the port of Philadelphia...we think it would be ["mean" crossed out] beneath us and unreasonable in us to expect that the Natives of Great Britain here should first exert their Spirit of Compassion and Generosity towards our poor and distressed Countrymen strangers while the German Inhabitants of this Province would remain inactive tho' they are numerous enough and of sufficient Estates to procure for these Strangers all the Charity and Benefactions they possibly may stand in need of..." Folds. Damp stains do not affect legibility. In 1763, John Penn became Lieutenant Governor of the colony of Pennsylvania. Lewis Weiss (1717-1796), born in Berlin, came to Pennsylvania in 1755. Settling in Philadelphia, he was one of the founders of the German Society. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

[Thomas Penn], Proprietor of Pennsylvania Secretarial copy of a Letter Signed, 4 1/4 pages, 7.25" x 9", London, April 14, 1759, to attorney William Logan. This secretarial letter is marked "Duplicate" in the top margin of the first page. Content largely centers on relations with the Indians in Penn's extensive domain. In small part: "I am sensible of the great advantage we have gained by Teedyuscung's declaring he has no claim on any Lands, but those between Tohickon Creek and the Kittochtinny Hills...You say there are very few Lands any Indians can complain of, but what may easily be settled, I know of none, but this of the Delawares, which now lyes by Petition of Mr. Franklin before the King in Council...we must insist on the terms of the Deed..." Pages 3/4 tipped in, small pencil notation. Excellent condition overall. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Splendid William Penn Document Signed, "Wm Penn", manuscript on vellum, one page with docketing, 11" x 10.5", Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 12, 1684. A very early land grant for a tract of land in Chester is here conveyed to one Robert Wade. Penn's signature is on the upturned bottom fold to the left of a red wax seal affixed to a hanger. Aging as expected, yet sound and in very good condition. 17th century American documents are quite scarce in their own right with this one being embellished by its association with one of colonial America's best known personalities. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

John Sevier Manuscript Document Signed "John Sevier C.W.C." as Clerk, Washington County, one page, 8.25" x 4.5". Washington County, North Carolina, March 2, 1778. In part, "To the Sheriff of Washington County Greeting. We command you, that you take the body of Phillip Shelly if he be found within your Bailwick and him safely keep so that you have his body before the Justices of Our Court to be held...on the 4th Monday in May...to answer Samuel Tate of a plea of Trespass...to the sum of Two hundred pounds..." John Sevier was county clerk and district judge from 1777-1780. After serving as governor of the "proclaimed" state of Franklin (today in eastern Tennessee), he represented North Carolina in Congress (1790-1791). He was the first Governor of Tennessee (1796-1801, 1803-1809) and a Congressman from 1811 until his death in 1815. Tiny holes where folds cross. Browned at a horizontal fold, lightly foxed. Fine condition.

William H. Seward Autograph Letter Signed "William H. Seward," one page, 7.75" x 9.75". Washington, December 28, 1851. To The Rev. Leonard Bacon. In part, "I have a misty recollection of having met you at a College Festival a long time ago, but I presume that I was unknown to you then. I have since known well that you were doing what you could to prevent the Clergy from going on to demoralize the public mind in regard to the sanctions of public laws and constitutions...For you are well aware that statesmen or legislators can carry public policy above the standard of morality inculcated by religious instructors of the People..." Governor of New York from 1839-1842, William H. Seward served in the U.S. Senate from 1849-1861 when he became Lincoln's Secretary of State. Leonard Bacon was pastor of the First Church (Congregational) in New Haven, Connecticut. He was identified with the temperance and anti-slavery movements. Fine condition.

Civil War Officers and Staff under Lincoln and Grant This lot of four letters includes:
Edward Everett ALS One page, 7.5" x 9.75", November 20, 1838, signed "Your Obedient Servant, Edward Everett." Condition: glued to another sheet; very good with folds, a spine tear, and minor soiling
Salmon Portland Chase ALS One page, 7.75" x 9.5", Philadelphia, December 22, 1849. He concludes the letter "Very respectfully yours, S. P. Chase". Condition: glued to another sheet; good condition with folds, a small top border tear, and staining from the glue on the verso
William Henry Seward ALS One page, State Department letterhead, 4.75" x 8", Washington, D.C., August 12, 1863. This letter by Secretary of State William H. Seward (1801-1872) was written during his tenure in the Lincoln administration. The letter is signed "Very truly your friend and obedient servant / William H. Seward" Condition: hinged with archival tape to another sheet; very good with folds and minor stains.
Horace Porter ALS 3 pages, personal letterhead, 5" x 6.5", New York, April 25, 1913, signed "Yours very truly / Horace Porter". Condition: hinged with archival tape to another sheet; very good with one fold and minor fading.

Daniel D. Tompkins as Governor of New York Autograph Letter Signed, two pages with address panel, 7.5" x 9.5", Albany, New York, March 2, 1812, to John Bullis, New York City. The letter reads in part: "...I have been repeatedly desired to mention to you that the Republicans in this Quarter are desirous, that instead of Mr. Walton, some friend to the Government should have the transportation of Navy Articles from this place to the Western waters...Walton is considered in the light of a British Adherer and is largely engaged in smuggling from Canada..." Archival repairs and mounted in 20th century folder. Otherwise clean and quite legible. Overall very good condition.
A scarce letter written on the cusp of the War of 1812 when anti-British sentiment was rightly reaching fever pitch. The letter's recipient was a Naval agent based in Washington. Tompkins went on to become Vice President under James Monroe. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Richard Varick Manuscript Document Signed "Richd Varick Mayor," one page, 7.75" x 6.25". New York, April 30, 1799. In part, "New York Mayors Court of the Term of Tuesday the second day of April...City and County of New York Daniel Strain is delivered to Bail on the taking of his Body to James Dobbin of the seventh ward of the City of New York...in a Plea of Trespass..." Acknowledged and signed "James Dobbin" in Varick's presence. Mayor Varick has boldly signed at the bottom (5" long!). Aide-de-camp to General Benedict Arnold during the Revolutionary War, Richard Varick was examined by a court of inquiry after Arnold's defection and was completely exonerated. Irregularly cut at the left edge affecting the first letters of three lines. The blank lower corners have been diagonally cut away. Overall, in fine condition.

The Olmstead Case - Manuscript Document. 2 pages, 8" x 13" [Philadelphia] July 28, 1809, a deposition concerning the final stages of the long and drawn-out Olmstead case, an important early American legal precedent involving individual property rights. Gideon Olmstead was one of four captured American mariners who were pressed aboard a British supply ship (the Active) bound from Jamaica to British occupied New York in 1778. During the voyage, the four mutinied and took control of the ship. While off the coast of New Jersey, a Pennsylvania armed brig, Convention, with a privateer Le Gerard, commanded by James Josiah. The pair took control of the British vessel, claiming it as a prize in the name of the State of Pennsylvania, much to the consternation of Gideon Olmstead and his compatriots, who believed the prize rightfully theirs. The legal dispute dragged on from 1778 until 1809 when Olmstead finally won a decisive legal victory securing his right to the prize. The case helped establish the role of the federal courts in protecting individual rights against the state. This document is addressed "To the honorable Richard Peters Judge of the District Court of the United States, in and for the Pennsylvania District." Peters (1744-1828) was the federal judge who oversaw the Whiskey Rebellion trials, and had already heard motions concerning this case for a number of years. This document concerns the position of James Josiah in his response to accusations that his seizure of the Active was illegal or improper. Headed : "The separate answer of James Josiah to the Libel of Gideon Olmstead, Artimus White, Aquilla Rumsdale, and David Clarke," it reads in part: "...The Respondent saving and...himself now and at all times hereafter ever benefit of exception to the errors and imperfections in the land said libel contained for answer thereunto, of to so much thereof as it materially concerns this respondent to answer, answereth and saith: That true it is, he his respondent commanded the sloop of war Le Gerard, when the British vessel called the active was captured by the Brigantine Convention in concert with the said sloop Le Gerard, and brought into the port of Philadelphia, but he denies that the said capture as illegal or improper as stated by the Libellants and this respondent cannot say, whether the said Libellants have or have not truly stated in their said Libel, the proceedings in the court of admiralty of Pennsylva. in the court of appeals and the decrees of said courts vouching the alleged condemnation & sale of the said sloop Active & her cargo, and the distribution thereof, all which being matters of record will appear on examination of the same, & this respondent begs leave to refer thereto. But with respect to any loan made of the proceeds of such sale by the marshal of the said court of admiralty to the United States, and receiving loan office certificates to the amount thereof, or of any of the said certificates having come to the hands of the owner of said sloop of war Le Grand, and of the same being subscribed to the loan opened by virtue of the Act of Congress making provision for the debt of the United States, this respondent knows nothing. And this respondent further saith, that he never received any loan office certificate or certificates for his share of the proceeds of the said sale of the Active and her cargo, and that he never received any money or other thing on account thereof, except a payment from Joseph McCulloch who was agent for the Crew said sloop of war Le Gerard, which payment to the best of his recollection and belief was made in continental money. That of the date or amount of said payment, this respondent had in memorandum in writing nor had he any recollection thereof, owing to the great length of time which has elapsed, the Smallness of the sum & the circumstance of his having received about the same time from the said Joseph McCulloch other prize monies on a different account. And this respondent also saith, that he has not in his possession any certificates...documents or evidences of debt from the proceed of said sale, but that whatever he received as his proportion thereof was immediately after the receipt of the same passed away by him at the new current value. And this respondent further saith, that he has been informed and believed, that the said Libellants or some of them and before the exhibition of the said libel assign over & transfer the whole or a part of their interest in the proceeds of the said prize sloop active in the said Libel mentioned to a certain Benedict Arnold formerly a major general in the Army of the United States. And this respondent prays, that the Libel of the said Gideon Olmstead...may be dismissed with Costs &c..." For some insightful commentary into this case, see Kenneth W. Treacy, "The Olmstead Case, 1788-1809" The Western Political Quarterly, (Vol. X, No. 3) Sept., 1957, pp. 675-691. Light creases, extremely light toning at margins, else fine.' This is significant early legal history that helped define the new Republic. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Savannah: 1826 Memorial to the Congress, nine pages, 7.5" x 12.5", front and verso. Savannah, Georgia, [1826]. A contemporary manuscript copy of the original sent to Congress bearing the names of Savannah Mayor W. C. Daniell and Solomon Cohen, Clerk of Council Pro Tempore. The last five pages are bound with greenish blue ribbon, the first four being detached. Slight separation at some folds. Overall, in fine condition. Begins: Your memorialists believe that it cannot be unknown to your Honorable Body that in the war of the Revolution it was considered necessary for the common defence, and especially for the protection of this City, that obstructions should be placed in the channel of the River Savannah for the purpose of preventing the approach of the Enemy..."

On May 18, 1826, President John Quincy Adams signed "An act for authorizing the building of light-houses and light vessels, erecting beacon lights, placing buoys, removing obstructions in the river Savannah, and for other purposes." Accompanied by a typescript of the nine page memorial. Note penciled on verso: "originally Oliver Barrett Chicago." Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Watergate Court. Supreme Court Building Engraving Signed "Warren E. Burger," "Wm O Douglas," "Wm J Brennan Jr.," "Potter Stewart," "Byron R. White," "Thurgood Marshall," "Harry A. Blackmun," "Lewis F. Powell, Jr." and "William H. Rehnquist," 8' x 6" card imprinted at the bottom, "Bureau of Engraving and Printing." Warren E. Burger became Chief Justice of the United States on June 23, 1969. Associate Justices Powell and Rehnquist were sworn in on January 7, 1972. On November 12, 1975, Associate Justice William O. Douglas retired. The Justices who signed this engraving served together from 1972-1975. On July 24, 1974, this Court unanimously ruled that President Nixon must turn over the Watergate tapes; he resigned 16 days later. Light rectangular toning at perimeter of image and signatures from prior framing. A collector has lightly penciled the names of the justices beneath their signatures. Fine condition.

U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice Collection 1789-1986. An fine group of autographs related to the men who have held this lofty position - the head of the judicial branch of our government and highest judicial officer in the country. Includes the following: John Jay (DS, also signed by Robert Morris); Oliver Ellsworth (2 ADsS, AN); Roger Brooke Taney (ADS); Salmon Portland Chase (partial DS, ALS); Morrison Remick Waite (ALS); Melville Weston Fuller (TLS); Edward Douglass White (TLS); Charles Evans Hughes (TLS); Harlan Fiske Stone (TLS); Frederick Moore Vinson (TLS); Earl Warren (3 TLsS, Signature); Warren Earl Burger (Signed bio w/ photo). This would make an excellent start or a fine addition to any collection of Chief Justices. Some include envelopes of transmittal; condition is generally very good to fine.

Frederick Douglass Autograph Letter. Excellent content regarding slavery, one page, personal stationery, Cedar Hill, Anacostia, D.C., March 13, 1893. "The Lion of Anacostia," Renaissance man Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)-abolitionist, author, orator, reformer, statesman, and former slave-writes in full: "Mr. F. P. Noble, Secretary of African Congress. Dear sir: I am just in receipt of your letter of inquiry. It is a long time since I listened to any one of sufficient temerity to attempt to represent as "idyllic", any feature of human bondage. If notified in time, I cannot refuse to give my testimony upon this subject. Very truly yours, Frederick Douglass." The letter is in very good condition with one fold, some chipping on the top corners and some minor staining.

Grattan Dalton (Dalton Gang) Signed Expense Bill. Partly Printed Document Signed "G Dalton" as Deputy United States Marshal, one page, 8.5" x 13.75". Fort Smith, Arkansas, March 26, 1889. In the case of United States versus William Bruner and William Berryhill "in the Western District of Arkansas before United States District Court Commissioner Jas Brizzolan Esq Charge Murder In the Indian Country," Dalton requests reimbursement for expenses. In part "Warrant Dated March 15 1889 served by Deputy Marshal G Dalton By arresting Defts at Tulsa I.T. March 15 1889 - 4.00...Actual Expenses 4 day's feeding 2 prisoners from Mar 15 to Mar 18 - 6.00 Mileage returning 2 prisoners 160 miles each 320 miles at 10 cents per mile from Place of arrest to Fort Smith, Ark., 32.00 Service of Warrant of Final Commitment and Committing 2 prisoners to Jail Mar 20 1889 3.00..." Dalton added $1.50 for issuing subpoenas for the plaintiff's witnesses, deputy marshals J. B. Heady, William Burgess, and Robert Cox, and $2.00 for his attendance "during examination Mar 20 1889 before Commissioner" for a total of $48.50 plus $131.24 brought forward for a grand total of $179.74. The document is chipped at the edges, not affecting any text. It is in fine condition.

William "Billie" Bruner, a Creek Indian about 27 years old, frequently helped U.S. Deputy Marshall W. A. Moody in his work as a law officer. Early in 1889, Moody and four other deputies, Grat Dalton, J. B. Heady, William Burgess, and Robert Cox, sought the arrest of Jeff Berryhill, a young Creek, for larceny. Without warning, they attacked the Berryhill home. Bruner happened to be there at the time. In the ensuing gunfight, Moody was killed and Dalton was shot in the arm. On March 15, 1889, a warrant was obtained for the arrest of Bruner and "one Berry" for the murder of "W. A. Moody, a white man and not an Indian." On Marc

h 20th, Bruner and William Berryhill, Jeff Berryhill's father, appeared before Judge Isaac B. Parker. Deputy U.S. Marshal Grat Dalton testified that, as the posse ran towards the house, Cox circled around back, and, as Dalton got off his horse, he saw Moody shot in the chest. On October 1, 1889, Bruner was sentenced on a manslaughter charge to serve 10 years in the Ohio State Penitentiary and fined $1000. Bruner later said that the manner in which the posse rushed the house caused the occupants to think they were cattle rustlers known to be in the area. As Judge Parker, known as the "hanging judge," didn't sentence Bruner to the gallows, he likely believed Bruner was not altogether to blame. While in prison, Bruner, who never denied killing Moody, met with Ohio Governor William McKinley. Upon becoming President in 1897, McKinley, convinced the shooting had been accidental, pardoned Bruner. Upon returning home, William Bruner was elected Town King, and represented Lutchapoga Town, his tribal town, in the House of Kings, the upper house in the National Council of the Creek Nation. He died in 1952 at the age of 90.
Grattan Dalton had become U.S. Deputy Marshal in 1887, succeeding his brother Frank who was killed in a gun battle. Two years after he signed this document, Grat Dalton and his brothers turned to crime. For the next 18 months, the Dalton Gang robbed banks and trains throughout Indian Territory. On October 5, 1892, attempting to rob a bank in Coffeyville, Kansas, 31-year-old Grat Dalton and brother Bob, also a former Deputy Marshal, were killed; brother Emmett was wounded and spent 14 years in prison. The signature of Grat Dalton is rare in any form. With Charles Hamilton certification of authenticity. Handsomely displayed with a portrait of Grat Dalton in a 9" x 14.75" marbleized presentation folder with inside flaps, titled in gilt lettering on the spine: "<

I3-26-1889 Gratton Dalton Document Signed." This document associating the gunman with legendary Creek leader Billie Bruner would be an exceptional addition to a Western Americana collection.

Sam Houston Autograph Letter Signed, two pages, 7.75" x 9.5", Huntsville, Texas, October 1, 1857, to Colonel Fanthorp, Anderson, Texas. It reads, "If you can find time to send your waggon [sic], I will present you my grand shelling machine. I can make no use of it, and to you who have much to shell it will be valuable. I would rather that you should have it than any other friend. It was by mistake that it was sent to me! Write and let me know when you can send for it. I expect to be absent over [a] week to Nacogdoches. In the meantime write to me here. Mrs. Houston joins in best regards to Mrs. Fanthorp, Mrs. & Miss Duff, yourself & family." Large area of browning in center of sheet, smoothed folds and stains. The letter, however, remains stable and is quite legible. Good condition. Sam Houston was serving Texas as a U.S. Senator at the time he penned this letter. Its recipient, Henry Fanthorp, came to Texas in 1832 and operated a well-known inn that would in time become the nucleus of Anderson, Texas.

Sam Houston As Texas Republic President Partially Printed Document Signed, countersigned by Land Commissioner Thomas William Ward, one page with docketing on verso panel, vellum, 17" x 13.5", Austin, Texas, August 22, 1844. Anthony D. Kinnard is here granted a parcel of land in Montgomery County, Texas. Affixed with the Texas General Land Office seal. Some splits, loss at intersection of folds, a few pinholes. The signatures are legible, however somewhat faded. Overall fair condition. Both of the signatories here were key players in the Texian bid for independence from Mexico. It should be noted that the Irish-born Ward lost a leg in the conflict and, later, in 1841, accidentally lost an arm during a San Jacinto victory celebration.

Republic of Texas President Sam Houston Document Signed, one page with verso docketing, partially printed on vellum, 14.75" x 12.75", Austin, Texas, February 11, 1842, countersigned by General Land Office Commissioner Thomas W. Ward. This fabulous early Texas document awards "Ten Million Eight hundred & ninety thousand square varas" of land in Shelby County to veteran James Adams. A "vara" is a Spanish unit somewhat smaller than a yard. A few pinholes, attractive browning, smoothed folds and crisp edges. Some fading to the inscriptions, overall fine condition.

Buffalo Bill Mentions Yuengling Beer In Partial Autograph Letter Signed, "Cody" and, in a post-script, Bill, one page on 1880s Wild West stationery imprinted "London", 8" x 10", n.p., n.d., unknown recipient. Since this correspondence "begins" in mid-sentence, it is obviously the last page of a longer letter. It reads in part, "has performed before more Royal people than was ever done before in the world and we can add new things to the old show and just surely paralyze New York and good Dave Yuengling can sell lots of beer on our premises...". Marginal aging with tiny splits along edges of smoothed folds. Very good condition. The graphics on this letterhead are particularly pleasing and are anchored by an engraving showing an armed and mounted W. F. Cody.

Simon Kenton Signed Deposition Interesting content involving a colorful Revolutionary War figure, 2 pages, 7.75" x 12.75", Washington, Mason County, Kentucky, August 29, 1823. Virginia native Simon Kenton (1755-1836) was a frontiersman and good friend of the legendary Daniel Boone. In 1771, at age 16, he nearly beat a man to death for the hand of a local lass. Thinking he had killed him, Kenton, using the alias "Simon Butler," fled into the Kentucky wilderness, eventually serving as a scout and soldier in the Revolutionary War, the Ohio Indian Wars (1793-94), under the command of "Mad" Anthony Wayne, and the War of 1812. Since Kenton was illiterate, this 1823 deposition was taken from him at a tavern in Washington, Kentucky, to be used as evidence in a suit over a land contract signed in 1780. The second page includes the scrawled but legible signature "Simon Kenton" (the "t" in Kenton has been added in another hand). His signature is followed by an addition written by the witness, James Arthur, owner of the tavern. The document is now in two pieces of equal size, cleanly torn in half along the original center horizontal fold. The two-page text (front and verso) is half of a larger sheet that was folded over to provide an envelope, which includes the address "Clerk of Mason County Court". Aside from the tear, the document is in fair-good condition with some staining and a small hole left from the original wax seal.

Commemorative Pony Express Cover Signed By Last Surviving Rider, "Broncho Charlie Miller," 1940. A 3-cent stamp commemorating the 80th Anniversary of the Pony Express is affixed to this imprinted cover celebrating the famed frontier mail route. The 91 year-old signatory on this item had ridden for the Pony Express at the tender age of 11 and later joined Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. Light aging, very fine condition.

Francis Scott Key Autograph Letter Signed "F S Key," one page, 7.75" x 10.25". Washington, April 9, 1840. Addressed on verso by Key to "Dr Franklin Bache/ Philadelphia." In full, "Enclosed are all the Extr[ac]ts except No. 6 - which I supposed would not be wanted, as it is only your memorial to the C& the act accompanying it." During the War of 1812, lawyer Francis Scott Key was aboard a British ship in Baltimore harbor on the night of September 13-14, 1814 arranging the release of a client. He was detained while the British bombed Fort McHenry, key to Baltimore defenses. Watching the attack, Key was inspired to write a poem, "The Star-Spangled Banner," which was later set to music and adopted as the U.S. national anthem in 1931. Dr. Franklin Bache (1792-1864), a surgeon in the War of 1812 and Professor of Chemistry in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy (1831-1841), was a great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin. Fragments of the original red wax seal on verso shows through at the edges. Portion torn away at blank left edge when letter was opened. Sealed in protective acetate; can be removed without damage.

Francis Scott Key Autograph Letter Signed, "F S Key", one page with address panel on verso, 8" x 10", Washington, D. C., March 1, 1841, to J. H. Paulding, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D.C. The letter reads: "I hope you will excuse my troubling you again in reference to the appointment of Midshipman, solicited on behalf of my grandson, Henry H. Key. It arises from an apprehension that as I learn strong appeals are made to the President in behalf of other Maryland applicants, he may interpose in their favor, so as to prevent you from fulfilling your own wish and intention in relation to him. I wish only to say that if this should be so, Mr. Taney, the Chief Justice, and others of my friends, now here, if necessary, would wait upon the President, and as I hope, be able to induce him to put the applicant in this case, at least upon the same footing with the others." Paperclip stain along top margin, small collector's pencil notations, old paper residue on verso from mounting. Very good condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Samuel F. Smith Autograph "America" Lyrics Signed "S. F. Smith," 3.5" x 2.5" card. In full, "My country, - 'tis of thee,/Sweet land of liberty,/Of thee I sing." He's added "Written in/1832" in the lower left; he wrote this card at a later date. After a visit to Germany, 23-year-old theological student Samuel Francis Smith, impressed that German children started their school day by singing a hymn, wrote a patriotic hymn using a simple German melody. Smith jotted down the complete hymn on a piece of scrap paper within half an hour, and the result, "America," was first sung at a children's celebration in Boston's Park Street Church on July 4, 1832. Original paper clip still affixed to the card with resulting light rust stain beneath it. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

King Kamehameha IV of Hawaii Autograph Letter Signed "Kamehameha". Four pages, 4.5" x 7" on Iolani Palace stationary, 20th December, "60" [1860], to F. W. Hutcheson, his minister of finance. In part: "My dear sir, my man has just returned, and reports that the owner of the Island on the reef, is willing to give up a small grass house belonging to him, for the purposes which the Government wishes to employ it, for such a period of time, that they may wish to use it...The compensation I think will depend altogether on what the Govt will be willing to give them (the owners.)...You have better see Dowsell, he is the business man of the concern. I rather not talk to Sumner about their house, as I don't like to be under any obligation to him. I should like to see you early in the morning relaxing to the repair of the grass house on the reef. Yours in haste". Separations at folds, otherwise near fine condition.

Hawaiian King Kamehameha III Partially Printed Document Signed, "Kamehameha", one page with verso panel having red wax Royal Seal and king's signature, 8" x 12.5", Honolulu, July 3, 1851. A Hawaiian language land grant (#365) for a parcel on Oahu. Tiny splits along edges of smoothed folds, aging as expected. Very good condition. The policies enacted during Kamehameha's long reign were largely focused on preserving Hawaii's political and cultural independence. Oddly enough, it became legal for foreigners to own land in the islands during this period.

'Lord' Timothy Dexter Archive. One of the more bizarre and interesting collections of Americana we've encountered: a collection of documents signed by or concerning one of America's most storied eccentrics, 'Lord' Timothy Dexter (1741-1806) of Newburyport, Massachusetts and his poet laureate Jonathan Plummer, Jr. (1761-1819). The collection of period documents is accompanied by a 1937 typescript by an anonymous author being a 'revisionist' biography, entitled, "A Concise Life of Lord Timothy Dexter, additional to but part of, The Heritage of Fools".

For those not familiar with Timothy Dexter and his story, we provide some background. 'Lord' Dexter was a classic dreamer in the spirit of Don Quixote. Born of humble circumstances in Malden, apprenticed as a leather-dresser, removing to Newburyport upon his release. By 1770 he had found a moderately-wealthy and homely widow to wed, and for the next two decades engaged in a moderately successful leather-goods business. During the American Revolution, Dexter was one of the few merchants in Newburyport to accept worthless Continental currency, and when the federal government began honoring the currency in 1791, he found himself a very wealthy man. His newfound wealth enabled him to purchase two ships and invest in a variety of profitable ventures (including some bizarrely impossible ones that are now part of American folklore). His new-found wealth enabled him to purchase an enormous mansion where he styled himself a gentleman. To complete the landscaping, Dexter engaged a ship carver to sculpt larger-than life wooden statues including Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Adam & Eve, Benjamin Franklin, Nelson, Louis XIV and others. The most prominent was a likeness of himself, and like the others, suspended on a tall pole so it could be seen easily from the street. Inside the great house, Dexter presided over a retinue of poor half-wits who sponged off the Lord's largesse, including his own "Poet Laureate", Jonathan Plummer, a former fish peddler turned pamphleteer who roamed the streets of Newburyport and the surrounding towns hawking his works together with spectacles, pins, scissors, combs, needles and pins. The two met after Dexter's rise to wealth and occasioned Plummer to print a broadside: The Author's Congratulatory Address to Citizen Timothy Dexter on His Attaining an Independent Fortune (1793). According to Robert W. Higgin's essay in the Dictionary of American Biogeography: "Dexter, craving notoriety, exploited Plummer's peculiar genius. Styling himself 'Lord,' he employed the ballad-monger as poet laureate, and decked him out in a long black frock coat garnished with silver stars and fringes, an imposing cocked hat, large-buckled shoes, and a goldheaded cane..." Dexter's death in 1806 was a cruel blow for the poet, now reduced again to peddling, his sermons becoming increasingly personal and bitter.

The stories of Dexter and Plummer, the subject of two full-length biographies and numerous essays, make for wonderful American folklore. We would love nothing more than to recount more of his story, but we would like to leave something for the purchaser to discover! This collection last appeared on the market at Goodspeed's in 1951 and was the subject of a wonderful article in their January catalog of that year. The documents appear to have been collection as documentation for the anonymous and unpublished 1937 biography of Dexter that is part of this collection. The collection includes:

Nicholas Pike partly-printed D.S. "Nich. Pike" 1 page, 8" x 6", Aug. 9, 1800. The author of the first American arithmetic textbook, then serving as a justice of the peace acknowledges a $200 bond guaranteeing that Timothy Dexter and his son, Samuel Lord Dexter "shall keep the Peace toward all the Citizens of the said commonwealth, more especially towards Eliza Dealer, his Mother & his Sister Nancy Bishop & John Tracey Esq. & his Family..." Dexter was well known for run-ins not only with the local toughs who stole fruit from his orchards, but also with his own family whom he abused regularly. An A.L.S. of E.L. Norfolk, 1 page, 8" x 10" Newburyport, April 29, 1846 transcribes one of Dexter's broadsides threatening his tormentors, declining to forward the original as it was the only copy known. The text of Dexter's broadside is absolutely hilarious, threatening those who would steal from his fruit orchard: "...I will hunt you through Europe, Asia, Africa and America, till I enter you in a cavern under a great tree in Newfoundland, where Bebselbub [sic] himself can never find you. Heary ye, heary thieves, reptiles, tadterdumatians[?], vagrants, vagabonds, lank-jawed, herring-gutted, and tun-bellied plebeians, that if ye...set your feet in my house or garden, I will deliver you to Charon who will ferry you over the river Styx, and deliver you to the Arch Devil Lucifer..." Dexter's business activities are documented in several pieces including a Manuscript D.S. "Timothy Dexter" 1 page, 8" x 13", Newburyport, September 12, 1795, with several holograph emendations, a deed of sale for "one full right of Land in the township of Barkerstown in the County of Cumberland...and now incorporated by the name of poland [sic]..." This is present-day Poland, Maine, home to the noted spring water company, making this one of Dexter's few 'unsuccessful' business deals. Even Dexter could have imagined people paying for water in bottles! Accompanied by a second partly-printed D.S., 1 page, 8" x 13", [n.p.] September, 20, 1779 acknowledging Dexter's purchase of "on Full right, Share or Portion of Land...in Barkerstown..." Other business matters are documented in several pieces including a Manuscript Document. 1 page, 6" x 8" [Newburyport] June to August, 1791 being Dexter's account with Newburyport cabinetmaker, Jonathan Kettell who bills Dexter for mending chair bottoms and "staining two pair of bellows"; Manuscript document, 4 pages, 6" x 8" [Newburyport] Sept. 5, 1772, an account kept my an anonymous cordwainer that includes an entry for "1 Shoe" charging 9 shillings. Samuel Tenney, A.L.S., 1p., 8" x 10", Newburyport, March 2, 1816 to Samuel Parkman concerning a series of stock certificates "in Essex Merrimack Bridge...expressly secure the Shares to Nancy Bishop 'fro her improvement during her natural life.' To make the matter more certain I have taken pains to obtain a copy of Mr. Dexter's will..." Together with a February 14, 1816, A.L.S. concerning the same matter.

Dexter's poet laureate, Jonathan Plummer, is also well represented here including a rare edition of his printed autobiography, [Jonathan Plummer, Jr.] Sketch of the History of the Life and Adventures of Jonathan Plummer, Junr... (Newburyport: "Printed For, and Sold in the Streets of Newburyport, By the Author", 1796) viii, p. 9-22 [23 & 24 missing], 12mo. (11 x 17.5 cm) Original titled wraps. Dampstained, some marginal losses affecting some text, else just good. OCLC (#17884600) references but one institutional copy at Lehigh University. American Book Prices Current reference no sales since 1975. Even in official town business, Plummer was a true jester, even in the last year of his life: Jonathan Plummer, Jr. Partly-printed D.S. "Jonathan Plummer." 1 page, 8" x 13", [Newburyport], May 1, 1819 being an "INVOICE of Taxable Polls and Property possessed by Jonathan Plummer..." listing his real and personal property which amounted to $1,607.54, mostly in bank stock and no real property. At the bottom where the word "Sworn" has been printed, Plummer adds: "This in my opinion is about what I was worth on the first day of May 1819; but I wish not to swear at all. Jonathan Plummer". Plummer's writings were not appreciated by all, [Jonathan Plummer] Ms., 1 page, 7" x 5.5", [n.p., n.d.] a mid-nineteenth century copy of a piece by Plummer that reads, in part: "Jonathan Plummer Junr. desires to return thanks to the transcendently Patent Controller of the Universe for his marvelous kindness to him in raising him from a desperately low and perilous indisposition to such a measure of health and strength that he is again able with transporting raptures of mind to wait at the celestial portals of wisdom..." The passage was read aloud by a preacher, who according to one old-time resident of the town, occasioned him to comment, "O Lord, have mercy on this over-pompous brother, whose wordy rhetoric has just startled our ears; save us from cant, bombast, and all the wiles of the devil. Amen." (Roger W. Higgins, "The Memoirs of Jonathan Plummer, Jr...." New England Quarterly, (Mar. 1935) p. 88.)

The collection is capped of by the (Anonymous) Typescript "A Concise Life of Lord Timothy Dexter, additional to but part of, The Heritage of Fools", 36 pages, 8.5" x 11", [Newburyport?, 1937]. A fairly bitter and biting assessment of Dexter's life, revealing some interesting facets of his life and challenging some of accepted cannon on his life and exploits. The typescript is expertly cataloged by Norman L. Dodge in The Month at Goodspeed's (January 1941, Vol. XXII, No. 4) p. 75-80. A copy is included in this offering. Also included are a few pieces of ephemera including mounted news clippings bearing engravings of Dexter's Newburyport mansion, two period engravings of Dexter and related material. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

[Iroquois in Pennsylvania: 1735] Robert Charles Important Autograph Letter Signed "Robt. Charles," one page, 7.25" x 11.75". Philadelphia, August 13, 1735. To Conrad [Weiser]. In full, "You have herewith a Letter for Shekallamy on the subject I mentioned to you, pray interpret it to him and if you think any thing is necessary to be added you may do it freely as if it were contained in the Letter. I find it will be necessary to gett the Paper out of his hands, & you will manage it so that no offence may be given, for the whole Blame must be thrown on the indiscreet foolish conduct of the Indians themselves which renders all our Precautions fruitless. The Letter to Shekallamy I think need not be left with him, after it is interpreted it may remain with you." German-born Conrad Weiser (1696-1760) came with his family to America in 1712 and settled on the New York frontier. Living near the Mohawks, he learned the language of the Iroquois and helped the German community in their dealings with the Indians. With knowledge of the language and customs of the Iroquois Confederacy (Six Nations), Weiser and his wife and children moved to Pennsylvania in 1729. Provincial Secretary James Logan hired him to guide the new Pennsylvania Indian policy recognizing Iroquois dominance over the Lenni Lenape (Delaware Indians) and guaranteeing a stable and safe frontier. Robert Charles, the writer of this letter, succeeded Logan as Provincial Secretary in 1726. Weiser worked closely with Chief Shikellamy, supervisor for the Iroquois Confederacy overseeing the Lenni Lenape tribe and protecting its southern border. He served as Weiser's guide on his journeys into the frontier of Pennsylvania and New York. The Lenni Lenape later became the first Indian tribe to enter into a treaty with the United States during the Revolutionary War, supplying the Revolutionary army with warriors and scouts in exchange for food supplies and promises. This amazing letter had been sent to Weiser with a letter to Shikellamy which Charles asks Weiser to translate, giving him permission to add anything he thinks necessary. He asks Weiser to get a paper out of the Iroquois chief's hands without offending him, telling Weiser that the entire incident is the fault of "the indiscreet foolish conduct of the Indians themselves." It was this relationship between Weiser and Shikellamy that kept the Pennsylvania frontier stable and peaceful until the French and Indian War during which the Lenni Lenape allied themselves with the French. Shikellamy died in 1748, Weiser in 1760. Penciled notes by collector in lower blank area. Light spotting and soiling. Glassine repairs at folds on verso. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Iroquois Treaties - Henry Moore Autograph Letter Signed "H. Moore" as Governor of New York. Three pages, 5.5" x 8", New York, Aug. 21, 1769 concerning negotiations with the Iroquois Confederacy. He writes in part (original spelling retained) : "I am not at all surpris'd that the Indians should be uneasy at the recall of the Commissan'rs, without others being appointed by the Prop new in their room, & mention'd my apprehensions of it to some members of the Assembly before their Prorogation, but it was without effect, &the inadequate Provision made for the Interpretors & Smiths shows how little the matter in agitation was then understood; I shall renew my application to the members in Town, that they may be better prepar'd at the opening of the approaching Session, where I hope every thing will be settled to the Satisfaction of the Indians, & shall tomorrow lay before His Majesty's Council what you have urg'd upon that head.- The Division of the County of Albany has been brought upon the carpet, in almost every Session of Assembly since my arrival heree; All joyn in allowing it to be necessary, but they cannot agree on the Line of Division I have never seen the Petition mention'd in your letter concerning this matter, & shall be oblig'd to you for your sentiments on it, in support of it; as in al probability this affair will be reviv'd again in the next Session, I should be glad to be prepar'd for any objections which may be rais'd to your Plan..." Moore, (1713-1769) was born to a prominent family in Jamaica and in 1756 became governor of the island. In 1765 he was appointed governor of New York, but died in office four years later. Usual mail folds, with tiny separations at margins thereat, and pinholes at all corners. Document is lightly and evenly toned, with bold ink; very good condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Colonial Invoice Itemizing Supplies To Mohawk Indians. A scarce Autograph Document Signed, "Thomas McKee" and headed "To Sundry's Delivered to Eight Mohak [sic] Indians at Thomas McKee's, by order of Col Jas. Burd", one page with docketing, 8" x 12.5", Pennsylvania, June 26, 1767. This bill is addressed to the attention of John Penn, grandson of William Penn and Lt. Governor of Pennsylvania. Tobacco, food and rum were the primary supplies Mr. McKee provided the Mohawks. This is an especially impressive early manuscript with large, bold penmanship that's easy to read. Some very minor stains, else sound paper in nearly very fine condition.Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

(Penobscot Indians) Manuscript Document Signed. One page, 7.75" ´ 9.25", Boston, August 29, 1797 a receipt for a quantity of Indian corn, blue broadcloth and "fifty pounds Musket powder", which was promised to be delivered to the "Indians at Penobscott" being the "balance of goods due to the Indians as per court resolve of Feb, 11, 1797". Toning from tape repairs on verso, partial fold separation, light foxing, else good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

(Penobscot Indians) Abiel Holmes, Rev. Autograph Letter Signed, "A. Holmes". Two pages, 7.25" x 9", Cambridge, June 15, 1815, to the Reverend William Jenkres regarding the education of Penobscot Indians in the district of Maine: "..the Committee...voted, 'That Mr. Dutton be employed four months , as a teacher among the Penobscot Indians, at five dollars per month. I will thank you, My dear Sir, to communicate this Vote to Mr. Dutton, accompanied with such instructions as your acquaintance with the Indians will enable you to give to advantage. You will guard him against exciting those jealousies, which might be prejudicial to the success of the Design and injurious to the Society which has adventured on so delicate a measure. As it was your recommendation, Sir, which decided us on it, so we look to you to do what you can, not only to save us harmless, but to render this first critical essay useful. It is the reading of English to which we wish Mr. Dutton's attention to be directed among the children, and if he can teach their fathers to make barrels or anything else that will amelioriate[sic] their condition, it will be well..." Abiel Holmes was an American Congregational clergyman and historian in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The letter also includes a digression concerning ancient Hebrew parchment fragments "lately...found in Pittsfield...3 small slips of parchment, from 2 to 6 inches long The smallest parchment contained in Heb. letters, Deut. VI. 4-9..." More fine content. Usual folds, else fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

William Lloyd Garrison Autograph Letter Signed "Wm Lloyd Garrison," one full page, 8" x 10". No place, January 1, 1838. Identified at head, in pencil in unknown hand, as written "To Henrietta Sargent, of Poplar St. Boston." In part, "With all my heart, I wish you a happy new year! According to the selfishness of this world, I can do no less: for have you not kindly presented me with a beautiful purse (the more valuable as a specimen of your own skill and industry) - ay, and with something substantial to fill it? - But if we love those who love us, what reward have we? In other words, if our love or our gratitude is the product of favoritism or selfishness, there is nothing meritorious in it, and therefore it is not deserving of heavenly recompense...Though my wishes are for your happiness, yet they cannot create it. We must be happy in ourselves - all else is emptiness. Sin is misery - love is bliss. Whoever dwelleth in God, dwelleth in love - for God is love. Let what will transpire, adoring him, and loving our neighbor as ourselves, we cannot help realizing 'a happy new year.'" Henrietta Sargent, a close friend, was a member of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society. On January 1, 1831, exactly seven years before he wrote this letter, William Lloyd Garrison published the first issue of the Liberator. In the Liberator, Garrison called for the immediate and complete abolition of slavery. He was one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society (1833), serving as its president from 1843-1865. Fine condition.

Colonial Pennsylvania Slave Bill of Sale, one page with docketing, 6.5" x 8,25", Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 1, 1751. An exceptionally nice partially printed 18th century document in which Jonathan Biles, house carpenter, purchases "a certain Negro boye named Henry" for thirty pounds. Signed by Biles with witnesses Peter Bard and William Clifton. Uneven edges as made with a few very minor edge splits. Toned, very good condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

(Slavery in the American Revolution) Fine Content Manuscript Document Signed "Furman & Hunt". One page, 6" x 7", Trenton, [New Jersey], July 1777, being an invoice directed to Hugh Runyan for slaves he had rented for work from the firm of Furman & Hunt, "for Work don for L. Meredith Esqr." for the sum of £9-14-4 which included "To 2 Days Work of 3 Negro's found by us at 13/9 each...1 Days Work of Fortune...1/2 Day of Tom...two Negro's , a Day each...a Day of one Negro..." The practice of "hiring" or "renting" slaves was quite common in America during the eighteenth century. Idle slaves during the period between seasonal plantings and chores were often hired out by their owners for odd jobs, thus making them a more profitable investment. Light creases with minor pinholes at intersections, else fine. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Slavery: 1777 Philadelphia. Autograph Letter Signed "Reynold Keen," one page, 8" x 13". Reading, October 31, 1777. Integral leaf addressed to "John Lukens Esq/Philadelphia." In part, "My old Negro woman in Sixth Street I hope will find a friend in you if she should stand in need. I have three Negro's hired with the Plantation in the Northern Liberties who will want warm stockings at this season and I suppose must be in want of Shirts (other cloaths they have); therefore request the favour of you to tell the tenant Rudolph Mower to furnish them with those articles and I will discompt it out of the Rent at a future day or if he is backward in doing it Mrs Keens aunt Mrs. Rohn will furnish them upon the Negroes applying there..." On verso, Keen has listed the "Houses in Philad belonging to the Est. of Mr. Joseph Stout Des." and the rent due. In the letter he mentions "the property of my niece Miss Stout." Reynold Keen was later elected an alderman of Philadelphia. He lived at 20 South Sixth Street, between Market and Chestnut, two blocks from Independence Hall. When Northern Liberties Township became part of Philadelphia in 1854, its population of 47,223 made Philadelphia America's second largest city, passing Baltimore. Partial separations at horizontal folds at edges. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

(Slavery) Group of Five Partly-printed Documents Signed, being receipts for county taxes which include entries for land and slaves. The five documents measure between 6.5" x 1" and 8" x 4" and date between 1825 and 1857. Two of the receipts are from Augusta County, [Georgia] and note the presence of 8 and four slaves respectively. Interestingly, two other examples from Albemarle County, [Virginia], though having blanks on which to note the number of "Blacks" taxed, include none for the 151 acre farm assessed. Light folds, else fine. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Slavery: Matthew Pilson. Comprises: (1) 1827. Autograph Letter Signed "H. B. Hunk," two pages, 7.5" x 12.75", front and verso, with addressee's name on the verso, "Matthew Pilson Esq." No place, February 10, 1827. In part, "On tomorrow morning I set off for home & have determined take Dan. Should it be finally determined by Min. that he does belong to the Estate, my letter now filed in the office compels me to pay $200 for him Embracing an Equal proportion of that sum as Ligater...I will have a sum sufficient to meet the price of said Negro should the determination of Mr Kenney & Taxes be confirmed..." (2) 1853. Autograph Document Signed "Matthew Pilson," three pages, 7.5" x 12.25", front and verso. No place, December 26, 1853. Headed in another hand "Matthew Pilson's acct with Jacksons Heires for Hire of Negros." Transactions from December 30, 1848 to December 26, 1853 are listed. At the conclusion, Pilson has signed a statement attesting to the fact that "the Negros were divided & delivered to the parties according to a Statement made by the Commissioners." Matthew Pilson lived with his family on a farm in Augusta County, Virginia. Both pieces have minor stains. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

(Slavery) Manuscript Document from physician William Bagley billing for medical services to slaves owned by the Virginia Military Institute. One page, 8" x 4.5", [n.p.] November 6, 1832 in which Smith invoices a slave-owner $47.75 for "...medical attention & medicine paid by the Va. Mil. Institute...on account of negro man John...$29.75..." Smith also billed $10.00 for "Nursing by Magdalene" which appears not to have been successful, as the final item in the invoice is for "Grave, coffin & burial Expenses..." which cost $8.00. The document is endorsed by Bagley on verso to note the receipt of papers. This is a rather uncommon piece. Light toning, usual folds, small loss at bottom margin, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Lot of Three New Orleans Slave Tax Documents. Three partially printed slave tax documents, about 6.5" x 3.25" each, two in English, one in French, New Orleans, with dates ranging from 1833 and 1834. Each document is hand numbered, has the slave owner's name on the front, and the number of slaves on which the tax is levied on the reverse. Apparently the tax rate per slave was levied at one dollar per slave. Each document has slightly toned with age, else they are in remarkably fine condition.

Slave Sale Record Book: Mississippi, 26 pages (16 blank), 4" x 6.5". A handmade book with torn covers made of newspaper and thin cloth in poor condition. The pages of the book are in fine condition. Three pages of entries relating to sales of slaves. In part, "1841/Samuel R. Fondren/To Jesse Fondren debtor/Two Negro men valued $2000/1841 John D. Fondren to Jesse/Fondren debtor for three/negroes valued at two thousand/Dollars $2000/1842/Henrietta Williams to Jesse/Fondren debtor to four Negroes/valued at $2000...Hinds County Miss. 1852/Elizabeth Hooker to Jesse/Fondren debtor one Negro/girl Julia $1000/one hundred dollars..." Pages in back note family birth and death dates. Three receipts are present including a 7" x 4", 1863 partly printed tax receipt for 480 acres of land, one pleasure carriage, one watch, six head of cattle, and 29 slaves (dated after the Emancipation Proclamation). Fine condition.

(Slavery and Abolition) Broadside, "Minute on Slavery" issued by the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Society of Friends (Quakers). An unusually direct and powerful statement on slavery, reading, in part: "...This meeting has been renewedly introduced into feelings of tender sympathy with our brethren, the descendants of the African race, in the numbers and complicated wrongs which are inflicted upon them, in many parts of our favoured, but guilty land. And whilst we wish affectionately to caution our members against the excitement of an unsanctified and intemperate zeal, or joining in associations founded, or conducted upon principles which may hazard the faithful maintenance of our religious testimonies, we earnestly entreat them to cherish and dwell under those feelings of Christian love and compassion, towards this afflicted class of our fellow-men..." The meeting was mindful to also remind their brethren that they should guard against racial prejudice as well: "We also desire that the attention of Friends may be particularly directed toward those people of colour who reside among us, and are nominally free. This class of our fellow-men are the objects of a cruel prejudice, which there is reason to fear is rather increasing among us, and they are subjected to numerous disabilities which are very unfavorable to their moral and religious improvement..." The Society of Friends, despite admonishments to fellow Friends not to join organizations which promoted radical action, proved to be a significant component in the abolitionist movement by setting a strong and principled example which other groups emulated. This is an important and rather scarce broadside. We are aware of only three institutional examples in the collections of: Haverford College (Moses Brown Papers); Sidwell Friends School Library; and the New York Public Library. Usual folds, else very good condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

The Quaker's response to the Non-Importation Agreements

(Society of Friends) Printed Circular Letter, two pages, 8.5" x 13", Philadelphia, September 1, 1769. (Evans #11266) An amazing piece of Quaker history, a set of statements by the Society of Friends in London and Philadelphia concerning their reaction to the non-importation agreements. The recto reprints a statement by the "...Meeting for Sufferings, In London the 10th Day of the Third Month, 1769, To Friends in the several Provinces in North America..." The London meeting of the Society of Friends warns their brethren in the colonies: "In Seasons of Difficulty, we cannot be unmindful of any Part of the Body, and the present troubled State of Affairs in America, has, for some Time past, affected us with no small Degree of Concern for our Brethren there... following the very weighty Advice of our honourable Elder George Fox.. viz. 'Whatever Bustles and Troubles, Tumults and Outrages, Quarrels and Strife arise in the World, keep out of them all, concern not yourselves with them, but keep in the LORD's Power, and peaceable Truth, that is over all such Things...'" The meeting reinforces Fox's statement noting "...we cannot but earnestly recommend it may be universally spread amongst Friends every where in North-America..." On the verso, the broadside contains the text "From our Meeting for Sufferings held at Philadelphia, for Pennsylvania and New-Jersey..." reinforces the sentiments from Fox in London. They warn their brethren in "...these and the adjacent Provinces... against promoting or joining in any Measures proposed for the Support of our civil Liberties, which, on mature Consideration, may appear not to be dictated by the Wisdom from above, which is pure, peaceable and gentle... Should any now so far deviate from ...[the] Practice of faithful Friends at all Times... we must declare that we cannot join with such, and that we firmly believe a steady uniform Conduct, under the Influence of that Spirit, will most effectually tend to our Relief from every Kind of Oppression... We therefore seriously exhort all carefully to guard against being drawn into Measure which may minister Occasion to any to represent us a People departing from the Principles we profess... ever bearing in Mind the deep Obligation we are, and have been under, to the King and his Royal Ancestors, for the Indulgence and Lenity granted to our Predecessors, and continued to us..." The intensifying conflict between Britain and her North American colonies caused deep divisions among Quakers, many of whom were deeply sympathetic to the cause but constrained by their beliefs. As a body, they supported reconciliation even after armed conflict erupted in 1775. Quaker attempts at neutrality in the conflict led to suspicion from both Patriots and Loyalists. Some chose to fight, including Clement Biddle who organized the "Quaker Blues". Most who chose this route were disowned by the Society of Friends. Slightly irregular margins, usual folds, light foxing, else Very Good condition. A rare and significant item. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

18th Century Quaker Anti-War Manuscript Document, signed "J. Kinsey", one page, 7.5" x 12.5", London, 17__ (paper loss at date). A "True Copy" of a document reiterating the Quaker aversion to violence as stated at the Society's annual meeting in London. The manuscript appears to date sometime between the French and Indian and Revolutionary Wars and reads in part as follows: "...Our Ancient Friends abundantly bore testimony both in doctrine and practise And Suffered deeply for...their express declarations & Testimonys against carrying Guns for defending Our Ships persons & Goods Such as have been faithfull to this our Testimony particularly those of our Friends in Pennsylvania. Nevertheless some professing to be of our Society have of late Slighted and Neglected this our Ancient & Christian Testimony to that degree as to be concerned in privateering...which is a flagrant and lamentable departure from our peacable principle which hath always been to confide In the protection and providence of Almighty God...". Loss to both right corners, heavy archival tape repairs on verso. Only fair condition, but having the appearance of being very good since the manuscript's splits are nearly invisible and its ink remains bold. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Remarkable 1810 Seaman's Journal With Detailed Account of His Rescue At Sea. 6" x 3.75", 60 pages, with entries from December 2, 1809 through December 25, 1810. This spectacular journal was written by John Fish, first mate serving on board the Brig Three Thomas's whose homeport was Boston, Massachusetts. The Three Thomas's was a 175 ton brig built in Kingston in 1805. The ship sailed from Boston bound for "Tonigen" with stops at "Island of Hellegoland" (Heligoland) and Norway. The Three Thomas's set sail from London heading back to Boston on October 5, 1810. The crew's ordeal began on the 9th of October, as Fish writes in part: "...we perceived that our Brig leaked a little more than usual and that leak gradually Encreased [sic] until [sic] Monday the 15th by this time the leak had Encreased [sic] to the degree that she kept one pump going constantly...tried [sic] many experiments to find the leak but of no purpose...was every appearance of a gale of wind from the N. W...the gale commenced and the pump choked very bad by reason of our Ballast being washed fore and aft...we found that the leak had gained two feet more and at 2 AM found that there was about 6 feet of Water in the Whole [sic]...we then left our pumps to prepare our boats...most meloncholy [sic] to behold to see the lower Whole [sic] full of water...we left the Brig with about 40 lbs of bread and 16 gallons of water...at 6 AM the Brig lay with her lower yard arms in the water...Sunday the 22nd at 12 Meridian the Brig lay with her topsail yard in the water...at 3 PM the Brig disapeared [sic]...we let our yawl???? a stern and we steared [sic] to the South and East...". Thus begins a month long ordeal for the crew as they brave the inhospitable conditions of the North Sea and are passed by several potential rescuing ships that fail to see them. At a point near the height of his despair John Fish pens a verse in his journal: "Adieu Dear Shipmates Whoom [sic] I love, O may I meet you In Worlds above, Our Darkness then Shall turn to Day, And Sin and Sorry flee away...Lines that Long Ocupied [sic] My Miynd [sic]". Fish seems to resign his self to his fate and prepares for the eventual end. But, on November 8, just when it seems all is lost Fish's crew is picked up by the schooner Friendship. The Friendship safely deposits the crew at Liverpool where Fish apparently joins the crew of another ship named the Poison (or Bison?). The journal is a beautifully written testament of man whose brush with death caused profound changes in his life thereafter. Several pages recount dreams with religious overtones and he writes "October 25th AD 1810 When first checked in my Wicked Career I soon found that I had too long traveled in that broad road which Leads to Hell...". John Fish is truly a man transformed by his difficult ordeal. Fish recounts one last strange tale while serving aboard the Poison, he writes in part: "...at 6 PM the man that relieved the helm said I have sweetened my last tea. Whether he spoke to the man he had relieved or me I knew not but supposed that he meant the former. I asked what he meant - he said I have Drinkt [sic] my last tea - a Singular expression - though I don't suppose he thought he should never drink any more tea...when the watch was called at 12 at knight [sic] this man was not on board the ship - I suppose he accidentally stept [sic] overboard." The handwriting is clear and sharp and Fish has drawn three rather good ink sketches of ships including one of the Three Thomas's. The journal is bound in sail cloth with the inked title "On Board the Ship Poison? Saco? Wrote In Liverpool". At the end of the journal and dated March 4, 1930, Fish's grandson has written a brief biographical account of John Fish and how the journal was passed through the family. Included with the journal is a wealth of research documentation accumulated by the former owner. Useful documents include photocopies of the Three Thomas's original registration papers, a photocopy of a Lloyd's List for December 4, 1810 with a mention of the rescue of the crew of the Three Thomas's by the Friendship, and many letters from various historical societies providing genealogical information. A wonderful and unique document worthy of further research. Fine.

Sick List HMS Canopus 1835, unpaginated, leather-bound spine, hand-printed title on cover, 12mo (4.75" x 7"). A rather unique British ship's log book documenting individual crew members who fell ill or died while aboard during the years 1835 to 1837. The entries include the sailor's name, age, disease and discharge information. Originally a blank book, the handwritten (ink) entries comprise roughly half the pages. There are approximately 20 names per page, and 60 pages with names, or approximately 1,200 individual entries. Several deaths were noted in the lists, including two men on August 20, 1835 who fell from the upper masts. The description of their accident and fatal wounds were noted in a detailed written description in the rear of the book. The second half includes five full page (pencil) sketches, a page of handwritten place names (including locations in India, Scotland, England, the U.S., and the Caribbean), the beginnings of a letter (in pencil) written at Dalkeith, Scotland, on September 24, 1856, and additional notes that extend onto the back endpaper and inside cover. The HMS Canopus, originally the French ship Franklin (named after Benjamin Franklin), was captured by the British in the Battle of the Nile, August 1, 1798, and renamed the Canopus. This rare and unusual volume is in good condition, with moderate toning to the paper and moderate wear to the front and back boards.

Attested Crew List for the Brig Adventure of Wilmington, South Carolina, 1812 15.5" x 12", two pages (front and verso), partially printed, December 3, 1812, Wilmington, South Carolina. The crew list for the Brig Adventure signed by the ship's master James Porter. It is to comply with "An act for the relief and protection of American Seamen". Interestingly, out of the entire crew of six men, all were identified as Black or Dark Mulatto, including one man named Nathan Slave. Some holing, else near fine.

Attested Crew List for the Sloop Abby-Ann of Charleston, 1814 13" x 7.5", two pages (front and verso), partially printed, July 16, 1814, Charleston, South Carolina. The crew list for the Sloop Abby-Ann signed by the ship's master Henry Dickinson. It is to comply with "An act for the relief and protection of American Seamen". Interestingly, the entire crew of six men were "Black Sailors attached to the vessel". The list fails to identify the place of birth, description, or nationality of the crew. Ragged edge and some holing, else near fine.

Shipping Papers for the Whaling Ship John James of Nantucket, 1811 13" x 16.5", one page, partially printed, June 24, 1811, Nantucket, Massachusetts. An agreement between the John James's master, Reuben Clasby, and the ship's crew, apportioning the future proceeds from the whaling expedition to "the Pacific Ocean & elsewhere." A fine, early whaling document. Toned and torn at the folds, else near fine.

Shipping Papers for the Whaling Ship Sally of New Bedford, 1810 13" x 16.5", two pages (front and verso), partially printed, November 14, 1810, New Bedford, Massachusetts. An agreement between the Sally's master, Obed Clark, and the ship's crew, apportioning the future proceeds from the whaling expedition to "the South Pacific Ocean." A fine, early whaling document. Toned and torn at the folds, else near fine.

Colonial New York Document Signed in Dutch Regarding the Bronx. One page, 8" x 12", one leaf of bifolia, Fort Amsterdam, December 19, 1662, ink. Accompanied by an English translation contemporary with the original document. Extremely rare 1662 Dutch document, transferring land ownership of a chunk of the Bronx. Document signed by Cornelis Van Ruyven as Secretary of the New Netherlands under the Honorable West India Company, in Dutch. An indenture conveying land in the Bronx from Gertrude Hendricks to Harman Smeeman. The translation reads, in part: "...a parcel of land with the building thereupon, lying in the East River beyond Hellegate, commonly called Bronex Land...". Notarized in wax next to the signature. Very good condition, with toning, edge wear, and mild damp-staining present.

Rare 1702 Account Page from an Albany Merchant's Book with drawings of a beaver, bear and Indians. (Albany, 1702). The sheet measures 12.75" x 8" and was professionally repaired to protect it from further wear or deterioration. The writing appears to be in Dutch but has wonderful detailed markings. The book is attributed to being that of Evert Wendell Jr. who followed his father's footsteps in the fur trade establishing his home on the second ward Serving as constable and juror, in 1694, he was elected assistant alderman. He held that office for several years - during which he was one of those appointed to take a census of the Iroquois. By 1697, his household included six children. Two years later, he joined his neighbors in signing a oath of loyalty to England. Evert Wendell, Jr. filed a will in 1690. He died in June 1702 and was buried from the Albany Dutch church someone undoubtedly continued this ledger after his death. A commercial fur trade in North America grew out of the early contact between Indians and European fisherman who were netting cod on the Grand Banks off Newfoundland and on the Bay of Gaspé near Quebec. Indians traded the pelts of small animals, such as mink, for knives and other iron-based products, or for textiles. Exchange at first was haphazard and it was only in the late sixteenth century, when the wearing of beaver hats became fashionable, that firms were established who dealt exclusively in furs. High quality pelts are available only where winters are severe, so the trade took place predominantly in the regions we now know as Canada, although some activity took place further south along the Mississippi River and in the Rocky Mountains. There was also a market in deer skins that predominated in the Appalachians. By the eighteenth century, the demand for furs in Europe was being met mainly by exports from North America with intermediaries

playing an essential role. The American trade, which moved along the main water systems, was organized largely through chartered companies. At the far north, operating out of Hudson Bay, was the Hudson's Bay Company, chartered in 1670. The Compagnie d'Occident, founded in 1718, was the most successful of a series of monopoly French companies. It operated through the St. Lawrence River and in the region of the eastern Great Lakes. There was also an English trade through Albany and New York, and a French trade down the Mississippi. From the Guthman American collection. About fine condition.

[Francis Lovelace] - Period Copy of Three 17th Century New York Land Patents, three pages, 7.25" x 12.25", dated March 30, 1672. This early document is in the name of New York's second governor, Francis Lovelace (1621-1675). A verso panel states the manuscript is a copy. Notwithstanding, the document's rounded calligraphy appears to be of late 17th - early 18th century style, making it a survivor from New York's earliest days as an English colony. The grant describes in great detail lands above Albany that were ceded to settlers Goosser Gerritson and Philip Pieters. Deep toning, splits along three folds. Good condition.
The year after this grant was drawn up, Governor Lovelace lost New York to the Dutch and was locked up in the Tower of London where he died in disgrace. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Scrapbook of Original Historical Documents Pertaining to Providence, Rhode Island, 1690s-1820s, 277 pages, remnants of brown-leather spine and corners, marbled boards, folio (12.5" x 18"). This is a ledger that was used as a scrapbook. It was compiled by a Providence family named Chaffee, and includes a handwritten (pencil) introductory description by Samuel Roscoe Chaffee, dated June 15, 1905, explaining in part, "The old documents pasted in this book were found at my grandmother Nancy Chaffee's death in 1874". The original handwritten and partly printed documents pertain primarily to land and property ownership, and include deeds, petitions, land records, inventories, bonds, bills, receipts, vouchers, statements, notices, leases, guardianship grants, military commissions, warrants, and school records. The ledger is in poor-fair condition: the front cover has been re-attached with book tape, and the back cover is detached; the marbled boards have considerable wear; the pages are in good condition; the attached documents vary from poor to good condition with staining and acidification.

Early Oil-Related Letter Postmarked Titusville, Pennsylvania, Autograph Letter Signed, "Calvin Morse, two pages, 7.25" x 12", Oil Creek, Pennsylvania, September 29, 1861, to Gardiner Morse, Eaton, New York. It reads in small part, "...I wrote you from Titusville - I sold 1000 Blls of oil while there for 90 cents per bll...there is none too much oil...Oil will be higher when the weather gets cold. Now large wells are opened every day both above and below us. They are obliged to sell for what they can get...I have strong faith it will come out right yet...". The letter is accompanied by its original envelope bearing the Titusville postmark, Fine condition. Titusville can be considered the birthplace of the modern oil industry. In 1859 it was the site of the first successful oil well in the United States and grew into a typical boom town during the 1860s. This letter recounts the earliest days of an industry that remains the backbone of the nation's economy.

Life in San Francisco During the Gold Rush: A Forty-Niner Writes to His Brother of Gambling, Murder, and Suicide. Autograph letter, four pages, 7.5" x 10", San Francisco, January 14, 1850, signed "Your affectionate brother Lawrence", to his brother in Springfield, Massachusetts. You could not ask for a better letter to chronicle life in San Francisco near the height of the California Gold Rush. Lawrence writes in part: "Of all objectionable countries, under the sun, California beats them in the aggregate...I hope to do something the coming season & if, through the goodness of Providence, my hopes are realized, & prosperity crowns my efforts, you may depend on coming in for a share of the spoils I may rob from our Mother Earth...the well water has an unpleasant taste & rain water is commonly preferred to drink...Sabbath breaking is becoming painfully prevalent; the most heaven daring profanity is almost universal; bestial intoxication is frequently witnessed, & every hotel & restaurant has a well stored bar of smiling but deadly attractions for inebriates, old or young; & last & mightiest of all, gambling, with its alluring hopes & fair promises, its bewitching excitements & occasional successes, leads thousands of the unwary astray, and does a 'smashing business,' in the ruin of souls, as well as in the destruction of fortunes...I have made inquiries about Audubon's [John Woodhouse Audubon] party in which Justin Ely started for Cal. Overland but have learned nothing definite...There have been one startling murder in a gambling house since I have been here & though $3000. have been offered for the arrest of the murderer he has thus far eluded search. There has also been two or three melancholy suicides, one or two sudden deaths from Providential visitation & a number from lingering causes...Mr. Pelton (landlord) paid $35, for about two thirds of a cord of green wood & engaged another load of dry wood for $60!..." The reference to Audubon refers to the latter's overland journey from New York through Texas, Mexico and California which resulted in his The Drawings of John Woodhouse Audubon Illustrating His Adventures Through Mexico and California 1849-1850. With the usual folds, paper toned, a few small stains, else a neat and legible letter in very good condition.

[Daniel Boone] Three Congressional Reports 1810-1813 all printed by Roger C. Weightman, Washington City, regarding Daniel Boone's Petition, first to the House and ultimately the Senate, requesting a grant of 1,000 arpens of land which he claims were promised to him for services rendered to the government of the United States. Despite his daring acts of courage and his status as America's first folk hero, his petition was at first denied. Boone served as syndic and commandant until 1804, when Missouri became part of the United States following the Louisiana Purchase. Because Boone's land grants from the Spanish government had been largely based on verbal agreements, he once again lost his land claims. In 1809, he petitioned Congress to restore his Spanish land claims, which was finally done in 1814. Boone sold most of this land to repay old Kentucky debts. A fascinating record. All fine or better.

Centennial Facsimile of the Declaration of Independence, one page, 15" x 19.5", (Philadelphia: James McBride, 1874). The Declaration, including signatures, is here reproduced on faux parchment within a patriotic border and having an inset engraving of Independence Hall. Folds and a few scattered stains, very good condition.

J. E. B. Stuart Autograph Document. One page, 7.75" x 11.75", lined beige paper, np, nd, pencil. Unique handwritten battle report of flamboyant General "J. E. B." Stuart, undoubtedly written to Jefferson Davis, and evoking such names as Lee, Mosby, and Von Borcke. Stuart describes with stunning detail his escape from Verdiersville: "I barely had time to leap upon my horse...and escape by leaping a high fence...". The item has incredible provenance, including being sold in the celebrated Wallack collection, Parke-Benet Galleries, March 2,1948.

Stuart's handwritten account of his escape from Union forces reads, in full: "It was night but as it was highly important to communicate with Lee's Brigade with a view to crossing the next day, I sent my Adjt Gen'1 Major Fitz Hugh on the road on which Gen F. Lee was to have marched - to look for him, remaining myself at Vidiersville. At Early dawn next morning I was aroused from the porch where I lay by the noise of horsemen and wagons and walking out bareheaded to the fence near by found that they were coming from the very direction indicated for Gen F. Lee - I was not left long in this delusion however for two officers Capt Mosby and Lt Gibson whom I sent to ascertain the truth were fired upon and rapidly pursued - I had barely time to leap upon my horse (HighFly), just as I was, and with Major Von Borcke and Lt Dabney of my Staff, escape by leaping a high fence -The Major Who took the road was fired at as long as in sight but none of us were hurt - There was no aid assistance for 10 miles - Having stopped at the nearest woods I observed the party approach and leave in great haste but, not without my hat and cloak, which had formed my bed. - Major Fitz Hugh in his search for Gen Lee was caught by this party and borne off as a prisoner of war - Gen Lee's Brigade did not arrive till the night of the 18th. a day behin

d time - Not appreciating the necessity of punctuality in this instance he changed his course after leaving me, and turned back by Louiza CH. following his wagons which I had directed him to send by that point for provisions. By the failure to comply with Instructions not only the movement of the Cavalry across the Rapidan was postponed a day, but a fine opportunity lost to overhaul a body of the enemy's Cavalry on a predatory excursion far beyond their lines." Scattered toning and soiling, several words crossed out and corrected by Stuart and a few spots, otherwise fine condition. This is one of the most important Stuart items to be offered publicly in over half a century. While Stuart's war-date letters are scarce, they do show up on the market and are often perfunctory and formal. No other item we have ever seen captures the daring savoir-faire of the general better than the item presented here. Provenance: John Esten Cooke to his son, to Col. Nathan W. Wallack. Sold at the Wallack collection Parke-Benet Galleries March 2, 1948 to the collection of Foreman M. Leopold.

Confederate General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson Autograph Letter Signed "T. J. Jackson". Two pages, bifolia, light blue plain paper, 7.75" x 9.75", Lexington, Virginia, October 12, 1852, to "My Dear Truheart", ink. Includes engraving of Jackson from an original Nast painting. Jackson was a Confederate Civil War general, one of the most revered southern generals after General Lee. His letter here reads, in full: " Lexington, Va October 12 1852 My dear Truheart: Your very kind letter has been received with the enclosed Land warrant. Please to accept my thanks for your kindness in procuring the warrant and if I can at any time reciprocate in any way, do not hesitate to speak frankly. I have returned the warrant to Washington for correction. I am highly pleased at your having gone to the University, and sincerely hope that distinction will not only reward you whilst there, but in your future career at the Bar. Massie was saying to me a few days since, that in his opinion you can succeed well in the legal profession. I was with your father for some time at the Alum Springs during the past summer, and should have been very glad had you been with us; but as such could not be, we had alone to reap the most enjoyment possible, which to me was not a little. You must endeavor to come up on the 4th of July next at farthest. I suppose that you are aware of Mr. Harris a graduate of 1851 being here in Maj. Prestons Department. Major Preston will soon leave for the west on business. During the past few days, we have been favored with a series of interesting experiments in Electro-Byology by a Mr. Hale. Our little Lecture room has been crowded so that one evening I suppose that the number equaled, if it did not surpass four hundred. Things here are going smoothly. Major Gilhelms family has returned and is living in his new house. When ever you can spare a leisure moment,

let me hear from you. Your much attached friend, T. J. Jackson". Usual vertical and horizontal folds, and mild edge wear, else fine. An intimate and friendly pre-Civil War letter from one of the most gifted tactical commanders in military history.

Robert E. Lee War Date Autograph Letter Signed, "R E Lee", two pages, 7.75" x 10", Coosawhatchie, South Carolina, December 29, 1861, to Captain John Newland Maffitt. In part: "If a steamboat be necessary for the execution of the service, with which Capt. Ives, Eng Dept, and yourself have been charged, you will proceed to Charleston, to ascertain if a suitable vessel can be assigned to you by Brig. Gen'l Ripley comd'g in that Dist. In making arrangements for conveying the steamer to her point of destination, you will exercise your judgment, as to the propriety or safety of doing so, and will take measures before hand, to ascertain whether any of the enemy's vessels occupy the waters through which you will necessarily pass. You will also notify the commanders of our troops, on the route, of the time, at which you will pass their pickets, or commands, and arrange with them, if practicable, a signal of recognition. In conveying the boat to her destination, should you find it necessary to abandon her, to save the crew from capture, you are authorized to do so, and in order to prevent the boat falling into the hands of the enemy you must destroy her & light draught boat suitable for bringing off your crew, in the latter contingency, must be prepared in Charleston." A highly collectible manuscript with the above transcribed body text consisting of 26 lines the General's hand. The verso is docketed, most likely by Maffitt himself, as follows: "Genl Lee Special order Decr 29 "/61". Old archival repairs along smoothed folds, marginal browning and light fading as expected. Overall very good condition.
Robert E. Lee, an experienced engineering officer, was, in late 1861, assigned the task of improving the coastal defenses between Charleston and Savannah. The future Army of Northern Virginia commander was assisted by the able John Newland Maffitt, who would come to earn his own formidable reputation as captain of the commerce raider C.S.S. Florida.

General Francis P. Blair, Jr. Partial Autograph Document Signed, "Frank P Blair Jr.", 8.75" x 3.5", n.p., January 15, 1865, countersigned by Brigadier General Leggett. Blair's signature is found on the lower portion of a partially printed U.S. Army requisition form. Blair, in early 1865, was a major-general in Sherman's army as it rolled over the Carolinas during its final campaign. Marginal soiling, very good condition.
Kentucky native Francis Blair, Jr. was slave state born and reared, however became a Free Soiler during the 1850s and was instrumental in keeping Missouri out of the Confederacy. Blair was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Vice President in 1868, but was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1871.

1860 Autograph Album with Signatures of Mathew Brady, Robert Todd Lincoln, and More. An impressive and important autograph album with an ornate leather cover, 50 pages with gilt edges, measuring 5.5" x 8". The autographs were maintained and collected over 25-plus years by James H. Mandeville, of Penn Yann, New York and Washington, D.C., and is signed and dated by him (December 1861) on the first page, with numerous elected officials, including famed photographer Mathew Brady, and Abraham Lincoln's son, Robert Todd. The majority of the autographs found in this album are from Mandeville's friends, relatives, and apparent classmates and co-workers, but interspersed among them is a small but remarkable group of autographs by noted personalities who had close connections to Abraham Lincoln, including Ward H. Lamon, a law partner and close friend of Lincoln from his Illinois days; Robert Todd Lincoln; Mark W. Delahay, U.S. District Judge for the District of Kansas, a collateral relative of Mary Todd Lincoln, who was closely associated with her husband in Republican politics, hosted his 1859 visit to Kansas, and received a judicial appointment from Lincoln; Lane, Kansas Senator and "Jayhawker," who was close to Lincoln early in the war and led the capital's "Frontier Guards" who were bivouacked at the White House; Montgomery Blair of Maryland, Lincoln's Post-Master General; William D. Kelley; John Sherman, W.T. Sherman's brother, who later served at times as Secretary of War and Secretary of Treasury. An excellent original autograph album with a number of valuable signatures. Overall choice and in extremely fine condition.

William Cullen Bryant Autograph Letter Signed. Two pages, 5" x 8", on New York Evening Post letterhead, New York, February 24, 1864, to Major General Daniel Butterfield commending him on his suggestions regarding black soldiers, in part: "I like the suggestions contained in your Memorandum respecting the treatment of the colored troops, exceedingly...The adoption of this class of men into our army is of itself a great means of improvement, but to give this measure its proper effect it should be combined with that System of laying up their wages which you suggest, and that plan of instruction which will fit them to perform the duties of citizens when the time of their discharge from military service shall have arrived. I sincerely hope that you will be allowed the opportunity of putting your well-considered and judicious suggestions in practice..." Beginning in 1848, Bryant's Evening Post was an outspoken critique against slavery. Although aligned with the Radical Republicans during the Civil War, he broke apart from them over Reconstruction. As opposed to the Radical Republicans Bryant preferred the tempered approach of Lincoln and Johnson's in regards to the post-war South. This piece is affixed to larger sheet with a portrait, else fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Union Major General Edward R. S. Canby Document Signed," Examined & approved Edw Canby, two pages, partially printed Army accounting sheet, 1868, possibly North Carolina. Trivial splits along top margin. Fine condition.
E. R. S. Canby received the surrenders of the last two major Confederate armies in the field. However, he was an unsuccessful negotiator with riled Native Americans; on April 11, 1873 he was brutally killed by angry Modocs during a parley.

Joshua Chamberlain: A Rare Signed Brady Carte de Visite of the Hero of Little Round Top This is a very scarce item; the CDV alone would fetch thousands as the pose is one that is rarely found, and Chamberlain's signature is particularly desirable on a photo.

He won the Congressional Medal of Honor for his Gettysburg role, and was elevated to the rank of brigadier general by Grant for his gallantry before the Battle of Petersburg. Chamberlain went on to become one of Maine's leading citizens, serving as governor (1867-1871) and as president of Bowdoin College (1871-1883).

The present example is in near fine condition with great contrast. A light crease traverses the lower left corner of the albumen and Brady mount; but boasts a clean, bold signature below his portrait, and Brady's stamp on the verso. An old ink stamp on the reverse identifies that the CDV came from the "Collection of Chas. B. Hall". Minor soiling and two light old tape discoloration on reverse (no surface material missing). The corners are gently rounded, but the item presents very nicely. Size: 2.375" x 4".

Union Major General Abner Doubleday Autograph Letter Signed, "A. Doubleday", one page on Army of Potomac Chief of Artillery letterhead, 5" x 8.25", Washington, D.C., December 20, 1861, to his brother, Colonel T. D. Doubleday. A strictly business letter penned by Doubleday early in the war when he was a Major of artillery. Only the surnames betray a family link between the letter's author and its recipient. Doubleday writes in part, "...the Governor of New York can make appointments, and the President will not interfere. If the Governor makes the appointment it will be all right...". Very fine condition.

U.S.S. Monitor Inventor John Ericsson Autograph Letter Signed, "J. Ericsson", two pages, 7.5" x 9.75", n.p., August 28, 1860, to unknown recipient (probably his agent, John Kitchen). A lengthy discourse on steamship engines with the following being a short excerpt: "...The trouble with the Sacramento engine is the same as with the Buffalo engine, it lacks surplus power and cannot exert the maximum force needed on a black fire...". Stains to left margin, some fading, with collector's penciled notations and a red check mark over date. The signature is huge and quite legible. Very good condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Union Admiral Andrew Hull Foote Civil War-Dated Autograph Letter Signed "A. H. Foote". One and a half pages, 5" x 8", mounted to a larger 9.75" x 13.75" piece of paper by tape along the left edge, short typed biography of Foote at the top of this larger paper, New Haven, Connecticut, September 8, 1862, to a member of the Portland Mercantile Library Association, ink. The document reads, in full: "New Haven Sept. 8/62 My dear Sir, On my return from Washington a few days since I received your kind note of invitation to deliver a lecture before the 'Mercantile Library Association' of the City of Portland. My official duties in the present crisis of our country are so pressing; and having offered my services to the government although not yet being able to lay aside my crutches, are reasons which, as you will perceive imperatively require me to decline your invitation. Please present my thanks to the Committee for this compliment, and believe me Very Respectfully & Truly Yours A. H. Foote" Below, Admiral Foote has written the name of the person, presumably, to whom he is writing, "Jno Q. Whitehall or Mitchell Esq". Admiral Foote served faithfully in the United States Navy at the beginning of the Civil War, commanding naval operations in the upper Mississippi River region. He helped the Union earn victories at Forts Henry and Donelson and Island No. 10. Foote was wounded at the battle of Fort Donelson, and it's these wounds he speaks of in his letter here. During the fall of 1862, Foote was recovering from war wounds, and would soon attempt to re-enter the Union cause before dying suddenly in June of 1863, less than ten months after this letter was written, from Bright's disease. The letter is in very good condition, with mild paper loss at the top left corner, mild toning, and minimal wrinkling at the bottom left edge. Also, the tape used on the left edge to adhere the document to its background is permanent. Still, a fascinating and rare war-dated Union naval letter from one of its greatest seamen, in which he calls the War Between the States "the present crisis of our Country".

James Guthrie Civil War Autograph Letter Signed, four pages, 7.75" x 9.5", Louisville, Kentucky, January 27, 1863, to Mr. P.G. Washington, n.p. Noteworthy passages read in small part: "...The Louisville and Nashville railroad has not yet repaired the damage done by Morgan in Christmas Raid & will require about one week more with good weather...I think there is no comparison of Mr. Lincoln(s) administration or those who control Congressional action....Davis is the absolute monarch of the Confederacy with a great deal of work and with considerate sagacity unfortunately for him no vindication is possible. With allowances I am not willing that Lincoln shall be allowed to become an absolute despot...". Smoothed folds, nearly extremely fine condition.
James Guthrie (1792 - 1869), formerly Franklin Pierce's Secretary of the Treasury, was instrumental in developing the L & N Railroad. He is also remembered for founding the University of Louisville. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Post-War Wade Hampton Autograph Letter Signed, one page 5" x 7", likely Washington, D.C., n.d., ca. 1880, addressed "Gen'l Burnside U.S.S." on verso panel. The letter reads, "Go look at the enclosed papers & see if you can join in the recommendation of Capt Leslie. I shall be glad to do so if some of our friends on the other side can." Small marginal split, one corner crease, else fine condition.
Although the identity of "Capt. Leslie" remains a mystery, this letter is obviously a note from one U.S. senator to another. Former adversaries Wade Hampton of South Carolina and Ambrose Burnside of Rhode Island held concurrent seats in the U.S. Senate between 1879 and 1881.

Civil War Date Winfield Scott Hancock Autograph Letter Signed, "Winf'd Hancock", one page, 5" x 8", Washington, D.C., February 19, 1865, to Abner S. Bridy, George Roscoe and George W. Blauvelt, location unknown but likely Washington. The letters reads: "Your invitation to me to be present at Ford's Theatre on the evening of February 22d - the occasion of a gymnastic exhibition and ball to be given under the patronage, of the members of Brody's Gymnasium, has been received. It would afford me much pleasure to attend but a previous engagement will interfere." A few marginal pencil notations and light staining, else fine condition.
Major General Winfield Scott Hancock, USMA Class of 1844, is best remembered as the commander who held the Union center during Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Confederate Lt. General William J. Hardee War Date Autograph Letter Signed, "W.J. Hardee," two pages, 4.5" x 7", Tullahoma, Tennessee, April 12, 1863, to an unknown colonel (probably a staff officer in Richmond). The letter reads in part, "I have promised to remind you to have Major Roy of my staff promoted to the rank of Lieut. Colonel, I have already told you of his great merit and usefulness. The general staff Bill, if passed, by the House will make him Lieut Colonel, but both of us prefer that he should receive promotion direct from the Presit. In the way provided for in the Bill. We are all well except uncle....I don't know what is up. Johnston is very reticent with me, and is a decided partisan of Braggs. With kind regards to the Presit & Mrs Davis." Some paper loss to lower margin, else very good condition.
This true insider's letter was penned as the Tullahoma Campaign was shaping up in mid Tennessee. Hardee had fought admirably at Murfreesboro the preceding winter and was writing as a corps commander with Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee.

Confederate General John Bell Hood Autograph Letter Signed "J B Hood". Five pages, 8" x 10", mounted to a larger 9.75" x 13.75" piece of paper by tape along the left edge, short typed biography of Foote at the top of this larger paper, to Mr. H. W. Hough V. P., Life Association of America letterhead, New Orleans, Louisiana, September 9, 1870, ink. Hood took over the Louisiana and Texas Department of the Life Association of America from his former commander, James Longstreet in the year that this letter was written. Hood worked in insurance until 1878, when a yellow fever epidemic ravaged New Orleans, including Hood's own family. The letter presented here was written in much more prosperous times for the Confederate general, and reads, in part: "My dear Sir I send you today exchange for twenty five hundred dollars & hope to so continue until our account is made good with your office. The Exec Committee when I was in St. Louis gave me authority to make use of five thousand dollars up to Jan. 1st 1871 for the purpose of advancing to Agents = And also five thousand after Jan. 1st up to July or August...I have had no statement from you as to my account...As I may leave for Texas, you had best give me no statement until I return." The document is in about fine condition, with three small diagonal creases to the right edge, one fold at the bottom right edge of the first page, and tape along the left edge, affixing the document to the background page. A wonderful rare Hood ALS from his postwar years in New Orleans.

Confederate Naval Captain Duncan Ingraham Autograph Letter Signed, "D N Ingraham," one page, 7.75" x 6.5", Charleston, South Carolina, January 19, 1864, to "Messrs D & Hovlbeck", n.p. The letter reads, "In accordance with your request I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 18th inst.". Some fading, fine condition.
Duncan N. Ingraham (1802 -1891), a career naval officer from age ten, commanded the Charleston Naval Station throughout the Civil War.

Union Major-General H. Judson Kilpatrick Autograph Letter Signed, "J. Kilpatrick," two pages on 3rd Cavalry Division letterhead, 7.75" x 10", "on Kent River" [Georgia], August 31, 1864, to Brigadier General Elliot, n.p. Kilpatrick writes in part, "...Three regiments of my Division... pushed in to the right of the Infantry and made a deliberate effort to reach the road below Jonesboro, the enemy in front of my Cavalry was driven to within three hundred yards of the track, but we could not reach it owing to my small force, and the fact that it was now quite dark..." Hugh Judson Kilpatrick (1836-1888) served as Sherman's chief of cavalry in Georgia and the Carolinas. An impetuous fighter, Kilpatrick was attracted to personal glory and low women. Very fine condition.

Robert E. Lee: Autograph Letter Signed "R E Lee". Two pages with integral address sheet, 7.75" x 9.75", Baltimore, August 10, 1850, to Major William D. Fraser of the Army Corps of Engineers in New York. By 1850, Lee had distinguished himself in the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) and was stationed at Fort Carroll in Baltimore Harbor, where this letter was written.

Lee writes: "My dear Major, What a heathen and turk this new 3rd Auditor must be, to disturb a gentleman's long quiet in so unceremonious matter [sic]. I wish I could enlighten you as to Kingsbury's whereabouts. He remained with me until I left Mexico, and we parted at Vera Cruz. He now considers himself a Citizen of Texas, and owns some property there, where he intended to return after leaving me. I rec'd a letter from him, the winter after we parted, dated Brownsville, asking for some situation with the Mexi Boundary Commissioners, that were then about being off to run the boundary between Mexi and U.S. and negotiated a place for him with Major...who went out at that time as the Astronomer of the expedition. I have heard nothing of him since, and know not whether he ever joined...as he was required to do, or what has become of him. If he is necessary to you, you had better write to Major Chapman at Brownsville who may give you some information of him, or to some officer at San Antonio. I have seen some account of an examination he made of a portion of the Rio Grande River, with a view of its navigation to the Falls, by direction of some of our Commanders in Texas, and perhaps he is still there. I wish I could give you more certain information. Wishing you every success I remain Best luck R E Lee".

The document is housed in a custom, archival presentation case: the exterior features a leather-bound spine, with gold lettering and decorations, and marbled boards; the interior is acid-free board bound in grey cloth, and including a 5.5" x 7.5" etching of Lee. The letter is in fine condition with folds and minor yellowing. The address sheet contains remnants of red sealing wax and the August 10 Baltimore postmark is also visible.

Robert E. Lee Autograph Letter Signed "R. E. Lee" as President of Washington College, one page, 7.75" x 9.75". Lexington, Va., May 11, 1867. To John A. Sims, with original 5.5" x 3" postmarked envelope addressed by Lee to "John A. Sims Esqr./Memphis/Tennessee," 3¢ Washington stamp affixed. In part, "In compliance with your request of the 4th Inst I enclose the Treasurers statement of the accounts of your Sons in support of which he refers to the vouchers in his possession, his checks in payment of same on the Bank of Lexington. He informs me that he gave Mr Eskrige a receipt for the money he deposited with him, upon the reception of the $100 from yourself, he deposited it to the credit of your sons & informed them of it. He also gave them his receipt for their portion of said deposit...I regret that your Sons have suffered so much from chills-fever...I presume this mountain climate will in time eradicate the disease. Hoping they may soon recover." Accompanied by a one page manuscript document, 8.5" x 14", headed "James K. Edmondson Depositary Washington College/In account with John W. Sims." The lower portion is headed "Same/In account with George W. Sims," the total amount paid for each son was $125. Mr. Eskrige is identified as the boys' grandfather. Lieutenant Colonel James K. Edmondson, 27th Virginia Regiment, was Treasurer of Washington College. Also present is a brochure about the college, three pages, 8" x 10", front and verso. Browned at upper edge of first page and on fourth blank page. "1867" penciled at upper right of first page. Lee's letter is lightly penned. All four items are in fine condition. General Robert E. Lee served as President of Washington College from 1865-1870. After his death in 1870, the college was renamed Washington and Lee University.

Robert E. Lee Autograph Letter Signed as president of Washington College, one page, 7.75" x 9", Lexington, June 29, 1869, to a Dr. James M. Cabell inviting him to attend a meeting. He writes: "The Educational association of Virginia is to meet here on the 13th Prox --. It will give us much pleasure if you will come stay with us. A room will be reserved for you...." Apparently Dr. Cabell's response was hand delivered by Lee's daughter as evidenced by the docket on the verso: "Rec'd July 1st. Ansd. July 2 by his daughter Miss Mildred Lee who had been on a visit to my house". Lee was offered the post of president at Washington University in October of 1865, a position he filled until his death. His five year tenure brought a great transformation to the school, which went from being a small and undistinguished college to one of the top schools in the country attracting young men from both the North and South.

The letter has the usual mail folds, and is very lightly and evenly toned, boasting bold ink. There are tiny mounting remnants at each corner on the verso, otherwise in near fine condition. Offered with a cabinet card of Lee bearing an M. Miley & Son photographic stamp.

General Robert E. Lee Washington College Document Signed "R E Lee". One page, 8" x 10.5", partly printed, Lexington, Virginia, June 18, 1868. This is basically a "report card" for a student named G. W. Pilson for the half session, signed by Lee as president of the college. Very good condition with folds, light soiling, and fold over ink transference affecting the signature a bit. Also included in this lot is a period engraving of Lee and a printed 1907 centenary tribute by Theodore Roosevelt. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Robert E. Lee Clipped Signature, "R E Lee Capt Engrs", 8" x 2", ca. late 1830s. This signature is taken from an imprinted return form regarding expenditures for works along the Mississippi River. The future Confederate commander was stationed in St. Louis as a young officer. Very fine condition. Lot includes 4-cent Lee-Jackson commemorative stamp.

Rear Admiral Samuel P. Lee Autograph Letter Signed, "S. P. Lee", one page, 5" x 8", Virginia waters, March 6, 1863, to "Major Genl. Smith, U.S.A.", Newport News, Virginia. The letter reads, "I send the 'Mount Washington' for you. The trip to the yard will take about four hors - if extended to Norfolk about two more. In the first case we can return and dine at 6, in the latter at 8 o'clk. Choose & say. Plates for three." With original envelope imprinted U.S. Flagship "Minnesota". Light toned paper, very fine condition.
Samuel Lee, kin to Marse Robert, was a career naval officer who stayed true to the Union despite family roots deep in Virginia's aristocracy. The recipient of Lee's dinner invitation was William F. Smith, commanding the Ninth Army Corps.

Confederate Major General John B. Magruder Autograph Letter Signed, "J. Bankhead Magruder," one page, 5" x 8.25", New York City, October 10, 1867, to a Mr. L. I. List, location unknown. It reads in part, "I did not receive any letter from you...If you will let me know what you desire, I will take pleasure in answering you...". Tipped-in along the left margin to a collector's biographical leaf, else very fine condition.
A West Pointer and career officer, Magruder chose the Civil War's losing side in 1861 and fled to Mexico in 1865. Becoming a mercenary for the doomed French dictator Maximilian, Magruder was again forced to flee - this time north - some two years later.

Confederate General William Mahone Autograph Letter Signed, four pages, 5" x 8", n.p., February 8, 1861, to Governor John Letcher, probably Richmond, Virginia. This remarkable pre-war letter is a recommendation penned by a future Confederate general on behalf of future Union general's career. The subject of the missive is none other than George H. Thomas, an aristocratic Virginian who would surprisingly eschew the Confederate cause and prove himself one of the Union Army's most valuable generals. Here Mahone suggests that U.S. Army Major Thomas, "the essence of modesty", be offered a post as ordnance officer with Virginia troops. Of Thomas, Mahone erroneously predicts that, "...If our state retires from the Union I am satisfied that he will withdraw formally from the army and devote himself to our cause, whatever that may be..." This letter is a great example of history that wasn't. Within three months the two friends would technically be enemies. A few minimal water stains, else fine condition.

Confederate Navy Secretary Stephen Mallory Pre-War Autograph Letter Signed, "S. Mallory, one page, 7.75" x 9.5", Washington, D.C., February 27, 1857, to Secretary of the Navy J. C. Dobbin. The letter reads, "I beg leave to recommend for appointment to the Marine Corps Philip H. Fontane Esq. Of Key West Florida. He is a native Floridian and is every way qualified for the appointment. I shall be pleased to learn the success of his application." Very fine condition.
A few short years after this was penned, Mallory was appointed Confederate Secretary of the Navy. The former U.S. Senator from Florida served admirably in that capacity for the duration of the Civil War, actually building an effective navy from scratch.

Civil War Secretary of the Treasury Hugh McCulloch Autograph letter Signed, "H McCulloch", two pages on Treasury Department letterhead, 7.75" x 10", Washington, D.C., July 31, 1865, to Samuel Fessenden, Portland, Maine and docketed by the recipient. This letter, headed "Private", is written to the preceding Secretary of the Treasury and candidly discusses Senator John Conness of California. McCulloch writes in part: "...I am apprehensive that too much power has been given to Mr. Conness...My present impression is that he is a dirty dog." Smoothed folds, very fine condition. Despite McCulloch's disdain, Conness had been a favorite of Abraham Lincoln's and, indeed, was a pallbearer for the slain president.

Union General James B. McPherson War Dated Autograph Letter Signed "Jas. B. McPherson". 1½ pages (front and verso), 7.5" x 10", "Hd. Qtrs. Right Wing", Lagrange [Tennessee], November 26, 1862, to General Charles S. Hamilton, commander of the forces' left wing. In part, "...I would like to accommodate you in the exchange of the 12th Wisconsin Reg't... Gen'l McKean would like to have a portion of the troops from Iowa who have served with him... I will exchange the 3rd Brigade 4th Division... for the 3rd Brigade 6th Division... commanded by Col. Crocker. The strength of Col. Johnson's Brig. is about one hundred greater than Col. Crocker's but I am willing to make this sacrifice to accommodate your wishes, and it will give you two good Brigade Commanders in Johnson and Gresham..."

McPherson graduated first in his class from West Point in 1853 (a class that included Phillip Sheridan and John Bell Hood) and served as chief engineer to General Grant in his advance through Tennessee. He received promotions to brigadier then to major general, both in 1862, and was given command of the XVII Corps where he distinguished himself in the Vicksburg Campaign. His army was in the right wing of Sherman's army during the Atlanta Campaign and McPherson was killed at the Battle of Atlanta on July 22, 1864, the highest-ranking Union officer killed during the Civil War. Expertly inlaid, the letter has original folds, else in very good condition.

The "Western" Irish Brigade's Colonel Mulligan Autograph Letter Signed, "Jas. A. Mulligan, one page, 7.5" x 9.75", "Head Quarters - Irish Brigade -", January 23, 1862, to Major-General Halleck, St. Louis, Missouri. A file copy, the letter reads in part: "When lately at Washington I requested permission of the War Dept. to increase my regiment to fifteen companies. The Dept. referred me to you, saying they made no doubt but that you would grant me the authority to raise and attach men as a Battalion. I trust General you will permit me to do so...". Light browning, fine condition. Mulligan commanded the 23rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry, a regiment composed almost entirely of Irishmen. His organization is not to be confused with Thomas Meagher's 69th New York Volunteers, which was also known as the "Irish Brigade".

Lieutenant General Leonidas Polk Autograph Letter Signed "Leonidas L Polk". One page, bifolia, integral free-franked address leaf, no text inside, 7.75" x 9.75", Ashwood, Maury County, Tennessee, October 31, 1844, to John Mason, Secretary of the Navy, Washington City, black ink. The letter is a recommendation for Polk's nephew Thomas. Written from his home, Polk's ALS reads, in part: "Dear Sir My nephew Thomas G. Polk is an applicant for a midshipmancy warranting he is a boy of fine constitution uncommonly bold and fearless and very desirous of serving his country in the Navy; My brother Dr. Polk seems anxious to gratify his son and it is at his request that I ask a favourable consideration of his application." The letter is signed "Leonidas L Polk". Very good condition, with usual folds, one small pin hole at top left, some wrinkling around the edges, and toning to the paper. Also, it has been taped on the spine to a large sheet of card stock, on which is written a short biography of Polk. A scarce ALS from "The Fighting Bishop" who met his maker at Pine Mountain, Georgia on June 14, 1864.

Admiral David D. Porter Autograph Document Signed, one page, 5.5" x 8", n.p., June 25, 1880. A tribute to President Lincoln, this personal memoir reads as follows: "No one had a better opportunity of knowing President Lincoln and of observing him closely than I had for a short time before the fall of Richmond. He came to City Point unaccompanied by any of his cabinet to witness what he knew was about to take place viz. The downfall of the Confederate stronghold. I shall ever remember with gratification my close intimacy with the President for over two weeks much of which time I passed in his company on board my ship, where he messed with me, or driving him about the country or visiting various points on James River in my barge. I found President Lincoln to be honest and patriotic, without pretense and without guile a man of wonderful memory and conversant with about every incident of our civil war. He was anxious for peace and was willing to extend the most liberal terms to those who had made war upon us. He was a noble character and no member of his cabinet surpassed if he equalled [sic] him in the high qualities his position required him to possess." Penned on a sheet pre-printed with a profile portrait of Lincoln on the front and an engraving of his monument on the verso. This lot includes a superb cabinet card portrait of Admiral Porter, ca. 1880s, which is imprinted in the lower margin by Washington, D.C. photographer C.W. Bell. Both items in very fine condition.
David Dixon Porter (1813-1891) entered the Navy as a midshipman in 1829 and became one of the Union's most celebrated war heroes. His Mississippi Squadron was largely responsible for bringing down Vicksburg. He also performed well during the Red River Campaign and was instrumental in capturing Fort Fisher, North Carolina on January 15, 1865. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

John F. Reynolds Partly Printed Document Signed "John F. Reynolds/Maj Gen Vols/Comdg," two pages, 7" x 10", front and verso. Headquarters, 1st Corps, March 15, 1863. "Daily Memoranda for information of the Major General Commanding" indicating 15 furloughs and 10 leaves of absence were granted. Reynolds signed on the second page beneath the following manuscript list: "First Division/Fatigue parties at the Landings/Q. Masters stores delivered to Brigades/Second Division/Guard and Patrol one Company/272 Meules obtained from landing/Pickets report all quiet./Third Division." Reynolds signed, leaving room for information of the Third Division to be added. Brigadier General John F. Reynolds assumed command of the 1st Corps of the Army of the Potomac in late 1862. On March 4, 1863, President Lincoln nominated Reynolds to be Major General; his nomination was consented to by the U.S. Senate on March 9th, just six days before he signed this document as Major General Volunteers. On the morning of July 1, 1863, the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg, Reynolds was commanding the left wing of the Army of the Potomac. As Reynolds was supervising the placement of the 2nd Wisconsin, he was shot in the back of his neck and fell from his horse; he died almost instantly. He is memorialized by three statues in the Gettysburg National Memorial Park, one on his horse. Anything signed by John F. Reynolds is scarce and this military document, signed less than four months before his death at age 42, is especially desirable. Light penciled notations by collector. Printed side is trimmed at left edge and has mounting traces on corners. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

James C. Rice War Date Autograph Letter Signed "J. C. Rice Brig Genl", one page, 5" x 8", "Army of the Potomac Hd. Qrs. 2nd Brig. 1st Div. 1st Corps", November 20, 1863 concerning his official report on the Battle of Gettysburg. He writes, in full: "I should be happy to have the Semi Weekly Post sent to my address. Whenever I have a safe opportunity, I will send you the amount of the annual subscription. Have you ever found time to look over my report of the battle of Gettysburg? I hope during the coming winter to write a dew letters for the Post. There indications of the movement of this army in a day or two. Be so kind as to write me a few lines." At Gettysburg, then Colonel Rice took command of the Union forces at Little Round Top when General Vincent was mortally wounded, commanding only 1000 men in a heroic defense of the position, helping turn the tide in favor of the Union. He was promoted to brigadier general for his actions there. Loss at bottom left repaired, usual folds, else fine. Scarce in war-date content.

Preparing Fort Sumter: Roswell S. Ripley Autograph Document Signed, "R.S. Ripley" as Brigadier General. One page, 8.25" x 10.5" on Ordinance Bureau Invoice letterhead, Charleston, South Carolina, March 25 1861 being an invoice of ordnance and ordnance stores turned over by Colonel Ed. Manigault to General L.M. Hatch for transportation to Lt. Colonel R.S. Ripley at "Mortar Battery No. 2 Sullivan's Island" including tools, fuses, quick and slow match "1000...Friction Tubes...300...Cartridge Bags for 32 pds..." Sullivan's Island was one of numerous positions utilized by rebel forces to bombard Fort Sumter, which resulted in its April 12, 1861 surrender. Ripley appended a certificate which acknowledges receipt of the material; he states: "...Much was expended during the operations against Fort Sumter-What remained was taken up and continued on the regular Ordnance returns..." Ripley served as an officer during the Mexican-American War and as a brigadier general in the Confederate Army seeing action at Antietam and Fredericksburg. He returned to Charleston in 1863 in defense against federal forces. Fine condition with two mailing folds. This is a significant historical document from the onset of the four years of carnage that re-defined the United States of America. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Roswell S. Ripley Autograph Letter Signed "R.S. Ripley". One page, 7.75" x 9.75", tipped to a blank sheet, "Head Quarters Fort Sumter", June 7, 1861, to Col. Edward Manigault concerning the Confederate occupation of Fort Sumter that had surrendered in April. In part "...concerning the Ammunition Boxes, ordered for this fort. The understanding was that they should be done on Wednesday. As it may give me some trouble in the arrangement of you're ac[coun]t in turning over to the Confederate Authorities..." Ripley served as an officer during the Mexican-American War and as a brigadier general in the Confederate Army seeing action at Antietam and Fredericksburg. He returned to Charleston in 1863 to defend the city against federal forces. Very good condition with usual folds. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Confederate Major General Thomas L. Rosser Autograph Letter Signed, "Thos Rosser," one page on personal letterhead, 8" x 10.5", December 31, 1895, Charlottesville, Virginia, to George B. Louek, Troy, New York. The letter reads, "The speech to which you refer was an impulsive extemporaneous outburst of an honest indignation in contemplating the spectacle of a legalized robbery in the name of patriotism. I fought for a cause, a principle and had I won, the victory would have been a sufficient reward. The pensioner seems to have upheld the 'Flag' for its material worth to him, and I suppose he would today pull it down for an increased pension. There were very many true, patriotic and noble men in both armies, North and South, but they are not tax eaters." Tipped-in by left margin to a collector's leaf, toned paper, very good condition.
Thomas Rosser (1836 - 1910) was a true Virginia cavalier, having ended the Civil War in command of Fitz Lee's cavalry. His patriotic "indignation" in this letter was hardly mere posturing: In 1898 the aging general would serve as a brigadier in the Spanish-American War.

General Winfield Scott Autograph Letter Signed, three pages with endorsements on a fourth page, 5" x 7.75", Elizabeth, New Jersey, May 20, 1862, to Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, Washington, D.C. The Union Army's venerable senior officer, "Old Fuss and Feathers," here recommends that Private Morris Cooper Foot, 44th New York, be commissioned by virtue of gallantry in the field. Winfield Scott (1786-1864) had been in United States service for over half a century by the time he wrote this letter. Despite his age, the loyal old Virginian conceived of the "Anaconda Plan" by which a blockaded South - including his native state - would be starved into submission. Considerable fading, but no other defects. Good condition.

Major-General Philip H. Sheridan Penciled Endorsement, "Send Pass - P H Sheridan", on one page ALS, "J. W. Kennedy", 7.5" x 9.5", n.p., n.d. The author of this letter seeks permission from Sheridan for a Dr. Lippitt to cross into Union lines in order to treat dyptheria patients. Sheridan's brief note allows this. Some stains, very good condition. The letter is accompanied by a carte de visite of Sheridan taken from a lithograph.
Sheridan's destruction of Virginia's agricultural capacity starved Lee's army into surrender. After the Civil War, he adapted this strategy to defeat hostile Plains Indians by killing off buffalo herds whenever possible. "Little Phil" became a hero in the North and an anathema elsewhere.

William T. Sherman Autograph Letter Signed "W. T. Sherman". Four pages, lined beige bifolia, 8" x 10.5", February 16, 1887, Army Building, New York. Sherman graduated from West Point and served in Florida and the Mexican War. The superintendent of a military school in Louisiana, he resigned when the state seceded to become a brigadier-general of Union volunteers. He succeeded Anderson in the Department of the Cumberland, fought at Shiloh and led the Chattanooga Campaign. Sherman then commanded the Military Division of the Mississippi, directing the Western theater. His Atlanta Campaign, March to the Sea and Carolina Campaign helped end the war. He remained in the army until 1884.

The letter presented here reads, in full: "Army Building New York February 16, 1887. General Wm. E. Strong, Chicago, Ills. Dear General, I am really much indebted for the full details of the Equestrian monument to General Grant contained in your letter of the 14th with the photographs &c and compliment Chicago on the sensible and business like manner in which the whole matter has been conducted. Rebisso is the same artist who took some contract for the McPherson statue in Washington, and finished his work creditably and satisfactorily, and I feel confident he will do as well if not better in this. Artists are naturally and most properly most sensitive at any suggestions from outsiders, but he cannot mistrust you or me. Grant will be remembered in after ages as General Grant not as President Grant, therefore the equestrian statue - and the period of the representation in bronze will be about Appomatox. He was then Lieut. General. Taking the two photographs from top to bottom. I like Rebisso's hat, as it shows the face full - the top of the crown may be dented down in the middle, as that was usual. The face is good, but a little too stern or severe. The coat opened at top is good,

and as usually worn by him, but the breast and sleeve show too many wrinkles, for Grant was full breasted, with muscular arms, filling his coat well. On the shoulder should be the strap with three stars, the middle one large, the other same as of a Maj. Genl. The sword belt & sword are well, though habitually he did not wear them, but this is emblematic - No Sash -1 agree with you that it will be more truthful to dispense with the top boots, for he rarely if ever wore them. In the two statues in Washington of Thomas & McPherson the former is represented with top boots, the latter without, whereas the very reverse was the fact. I would prefer the plain brass stirrup to the more recent tapaders copied from the Mexican. Still such stirrups were used in 1865. The bridle should have broad cheek pieces and brow band - with strong flat reins. The breast strap should also be broader than represented. The saddle case is well the holster should be larger, and the valise behind ditto. But an overcoat folded & fastened by straps will be appropriate. In the right hand corner of the saddle case should be a spread eagle with the three stars of a Lieut. General, or the four stars of a full General. The three on a curve, the middle the largest will make the best appearance. I like his design to have the horse easy, and not cavorting. A General on horseback should be oblivious of his horse, because he has something to think about besides managing his steed. When the time comes for dedicating this monument if living I shall endeavor to be present, and meantime be assumed that I bear in special honor the generous men who have contributed the means for this mark of love and respect for our Old Commander. With great respect, Your Friend, W. T. Sherman". Fine condition, with toning, two small pinholes at top, and mild dampstaining of the bottom edge. A wonderful full, four-page quarto ALS

all on Ulysses S. Grant, of whom Sherman writes fondly, "Grant will be remembered in after ages as General Grant, not as President Grant...". Sherman goes on to say that a tribute should picture him at "...Appomatox. He was then Lieut. General...".

[William T. Sherman] Secretary of the Interior Thomas Ewing Autograph Letter Signed, "T. Ewing", one page, 8" x 10", likely Washington, D.C., May 27, 1849, to Secretary of War George Crawford. Secretary Ewing here requests a furlough for a young officer because the soldier's mother "...is wearied of his absence & earnestly desires to see him, as do all my family with whom he is a favorite..." The officer, though not named, was likely William T. Sherman, Ewing's adopted son as of 1829. Scattered stains and some fading. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Civil War Date Edwin M. Stanton Autograph Letter Signed, one page on War Department letterhead, 7.75" x 9.75", Washington, D.C., May 13, 1863, to James R. Doolittle, U.S. Senator from Wisconsin. President Lincoln's Secretary of War writes in part, "...The disappointment arising from the late mishap of the Army of the Potomac is keenly felt throughout the country and you may be sure that I am not insensible to it...One thing is gratifying that there seems to be very little public discouragement, but on the contrary an united sentiment by the people to carry on the war to the last extremity..." Bold signature on a crisp, clean sheet. Very Fine condition.
The "late mishap" Stanton refers to was no doubt the great Confederate victory at Chancellorsville on May 5, 1863. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Union Navy Secretary Gideon Wells Autograph Letter Signed, one page on Navy Department letterhead, 8" x 9.75", Washington, D.C., April 25, 1864, to Alma J. Herbert, Concord, New Hampshire. It reads: "I respectfully state in answer to your letter of the 18th inst., that there are 622 vessels in the Navy and about 40,000 seamen." Smoothed folds, else a bold very fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Confederate Joseph Wheeler Archive. A three piece archive consisting of two autograph letter signed and one unsigned eight-page autograph manuscript. The first ALS, dated April 14, 1903, reads: ...I will start at work & do best I can on sketch of Gen. Polk. How many words would you recommend...Joseph Wheeler". The second letter, dated April 16, 1903, states: "I have drawn off a little about Gen. Polk. I regret I could not make it better...". The final item is an eight-page handwritten essay on Confederate Lieutenant-General Leomideus Polk. It reads, in part: "On November 7th his troops crossed the Mississippi river and fought the battle of Belmont Missouri the opposing force being commanded by General U. S. Grant. The advance of the federal forces from Paducah compelled the retirement of Gen. Polks troops from Columbus...At the battle of Shiloh Gen. Polk commanded the First Army Corps...troops under this gallant leader did most effective service..."

Nicknamed "Fightin' Joe", Wheeler fought for the Confederacy, entering as a second lieutenant and twenty months later was a major general in command of all the cavalry in the Army of Tennessee. He was almost constantly engaged in battle, wounded three times. He was elected to Congress from Alabama, and served from 1881 to 1897. All documents in this archive are in extremely fine condition.

Union Topographer Amiel W. Whipple Autograph letter Signed," "A W Whipple," two pages, 5" x 8", Arlington, Virginia, July 15, 1861, to Lieutenant H. L. Abbott. Whipple, here a captain, directs his subordinate to the headquarters of General Tyler in hopes that "...Gen; Tyler may detail a number of men to aid in the execution of that position of the engineering operations which the gen'l may assign to you specially...". Very fine condition. At the beginning of the Civil War, Whipple was engaged in mapping the Virginia countryside in preparation for Union advances. Whipple, although serving admirably in the war and, indeed, dying at Chancellorsville, is best known for leading the 1853 Whipple Expedition in which he sought a southwestern corridor for a transcontinental railroad.

Henry A. Wise, Confederate Brigadier General, Autograph Letter Signed, with Autograph Additions by Other Officers, Including General P. G. T. Beauregard Excellent content in this Civil War letter by Henry A. Wise (1806-1876) referring to Captain G. A. Wallace of the Richmond Light Guard, 59th Virginia Infantry, who went AWOL after being denied three weeks' leave, then granted six hours' leave, to go to Richmond on private business. Wise writes to Major Theodore O. Chestney (1837-1925) to call for Wallace's possible arrest, 4 pages, 7.5" x 9.5", Charleston, South Carolina, September 25th, 1863. Prior to the Civil War, Wise served as Governor of Virginia and signed the death warrant of radical abolitionist John Brown. At the end of the conflict, he urged Robert E. Lee to surrender at Appomattox Court House. In this letter, Wise writes in part: "Captain Wallace did not return and did not join his Company at Rice's Station, and has not up to this, the 25th day of Sept., returned to his Regiment. Instead of doing so, Capt. Wallace by letter to you informs you that he was confined by fever. This letter is dated the 18th, four days after the leave of 6 hours only was granted him and after the departure of his Company for Charleston. No Surgeon's Certificate accompanies his letter. Under these circumstances there is reason to apprehend that Capt. Wallace is taking without leave the absence he applied for. He was lately under arrest for precisely that offence, when he was relieved by Pres. Davis' proclamation. ...If he is not now unable to do duty, it is asked that he be arrested and sent to his Company under arrest. Very respy, yr. obdt. servt., Henry A. Wise, Brig. Genl." The first two pages contain Wise's letter to Chestney. Pages three and four include additions by several other officers referring to Wallace's absence and the possibility of his obtaining a surgeon's certificate or be returned to his regiment. The most prominent of these signers is Pierre Gustave Toutant de Beauregard (1818-1893), the first prominent Confederate General, who commanded at the battles of Fort Sumpter, Bull Run and Shiloh. Beauregard writes in full: "Respectfully forwarded with the request that this officer be ordered to join his command / G. T. Beauregard". The letter is in very good condition with some fading, folds and a three-inch separation at the bottom of the spine.

Confederate $100 Bill Inscribed With Post-Surrender Verse. "The Unrecorded" is the title of a grim 42-line poem by Colonel Henry Fanthorp that is penned on the back of a Confederate note and signed with an "HF" monogram dated May 1, 1865. The poem reads in very small part "...Like our dream of hope it passed / Keep it dear friend / 'Til time shall end / For their story will never be told / For a dreary pall / Like a blackened wall / Covers them now all silent and cold." The front of the bill carries a profile portrait of Lucy Pickens, a young woman universally considered the very embodiment of ideal Southern Womanhood. A poignant memento of the "Lost Cause" connected to an important figure in early Texas history. Aging, stains, a small area of marginal loss and one turned corner. Good condition.

Manuscript Poem, "The Blue and The Gray", by James M. Dalzell, four pages, 6.5" x 8.75", ca. late 19th century. This document is in the author's hand and copies a work he had formerly published in February, 1867. Dalzell explains on the last page of this manuscript that the poem was originally written "...in response to a Southern poem of that title which celebrated the decoration alike of some graves of both Blue and Gray by a lady in the South..." He personally would have nothing to do with honoring Confederate dead and lobbied successfully to have separate "decoration days" for both sides. Today's national Memorial Day and regional Confederate Memorial Days originated in the immediate post-Civil War controversy over just how the nation should remember her lost sons. In excellent condition and bound with archival tape along the left margin. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Civil War: 1861 Missouri. Comprises three certified contemporary manuscript copies of laws enacted in Missouri, May 9-14, 1861, each one page, 7.75" x 12.25": (1) "An act in relation to the Volunteer Militia of Missouri" authorizing the Governor (Clairborne F. Jackson) "to continue in the active service of the State all, or such of the Volunteer Companies that he has heretofore ordered into encampment, for such time as he may think necessary..." Strengthened on verso in two areas with tape. (2) "An act to perpetuate friendly relations with certain Indian Tribes" authorizing the Governor to appoint commissioners "to visit the Indian Tribes near the border of the State of Missouri for the purpose of encouraging and maintaining friendship and amity..." (3) "An act to authorize the Governor to purchase foundaries and other Property" including "property for the establishment of armories and powder mills...and to purchase all materials necessary for the manufacture of arms and munitions of war..." On March 21, 1861, Missouri voted in convention 98-1 to remain in the Union. In May, after the passage of the first act noted above, pro-Southern Governor Jackson ordered the mobilization of several hundred members of the state militia who had gathered in a camp in St. Louis for training. Union General Nathaniel Lyon encircled the peaceful camp and forced the state troops to surrender. On June 16, 1861, as General Lyon's Union troops approached Jefferson City, Governor Jackson fled the state capital. Union forces installed former Missouri Chief Justice Hamilton Gamble as governor of a provisional government. Minor chipping at edges. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Fourteen Signatures by Union Generals A group lot of fourteen signatures by Winfield Scott (a clipped FF adding rank); John A. Dix (signature on a small card and a clipped FF); Otis O. Howard (an ANS dated Jan. 14, 1890); Robert C. Schenck (signature on a card); Henry B. Halleck (clipped signature with rank, "Major Genl"; Francis P. Blair (signature removed from an envelope); Nathaniel P. Banks (signature on a card); Ambrose Burnside, Benjamin Butler, William Shafter, Philip Sheridan (2), and John M. Schofield. Overall condition is very good to near fine.

Arthur Conan Doyle Autograph Letter Signed to an Editor at McClure Magazine, the magazine that introduced Doyle's work to the United States. Great association and content ALS "A Conan Doyle", one page on his Greyswood Beeches, Haslemere stationery, one page, 4.25" x 7", n.d. (but a previous collector has noted 1896 in pencil), thanking the recipient and discussing his plans for writing future stories.

Doyle writes: "We thought the Certificate came from Walt and acknowledged it to him. Many thanks, it arrived all right. I have done one of those studies which I will forward tonight so that you may have some idea what sort of thing I mean. Of course the Holmes stories are all criminal studies, and your brother was very keen on my doing them. If on seeing this he determines however that he would rather have pure fiction he shall have them - but it will throw back the date of them, as I feel at present rather drawn towards these" The recipient, addressed simply as "McClure", is either Samuel Sidney McClure, or a brother who worked with him at the magazine. McClure was a key figure in publishing in the late 19th Century. His magazine, McClure, filled an important niche in the literary world and often syndicated novels-in-progress by such noted authors as Mark Twain, Rudyard Kipling, and Robert Louis Stevenson. Although the magazine would later be remembered most for giving birth to muckraking journalism, its true origin was to promote thought-provoking literature and political essays.

Doyle, a doctor by training, turned to writing short stories during long lulls while waiting for patients. The great success of the Sherlock Holmes series never sat well with him, and in December of 1893 he wrote the death of his famous detective; Holmes and his arch nemesis Moriarty plunged to their deaths in the story "The Final Problem". Doyle always believed his Holmes short stories were folly, and resented that they took time away from more serious scholarship. However public outcry demanded that his fictional hero be brought back to life. To couch the stories as criminal studies made their prospect more bearable to Doyle. And in several instances, his brilliant logic and deducting skills saved a few innocents that had been wrongly accused, most notably in the case of Oscar Slater. The inconsistencies in the case provoked Doyle's curiosity, and his investigations would eventually prove Slater innocent. Letters by Doyle mentioning his great literary creation are very rare, and one citing his desire to focus on them would be most desirable. The letter is quite clean with bold ink and in near fine condition, save a thin band of discoloration at top and a paper-clip mark.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Autograph Letter Signed in German "Goethe". One page, 7.5" x 9.5", np, September 27, 1816, ink. The letter reads, according to the English translation accompanying the letter, in full: "Honrable Sir: I should have thanked you long ago for your affeftion and your works to which I have paid sympathetical attention. Should I excuse those failures I would have to think of many painful and unpleasant things; I shall rather forward at once a contribution which will instruct you and mat be useful to your needs. Should you want to leave some of the curious presentations in copper I would advise you to select a symbolic alphabet; for example, Emperor, Judge, Possession, Property, etc. The orders are coming in again and again. Therefore, you will have enough stimuli for the preparatory work; however, I will not be able to go over the latter one again. Would you indicate what you intend to use thereof, for then I would be stimulated to add something here and there. In order that the transmission will not be held up any further, my best wishes for your well-being. Sincerely, Goethe. Weimar, September 27, 1816". Also accompanied by an engraving of Goethe from a photograph by Bruckmann of Munich. At the time this letter was written, Goethe was busy editing a journal Ueber Kunst and Altertum (On Art and Antiquity), which he edited for the rest of his days. 1816 was also the year his wife, Christiane Vulpius died. A rare and lengthy letter from the legendary author of Faust, and the man George Eliot once described as "Germany's greatest man of letters...and the last true polymath to walk the earth."

An Alexander Howland Smith Forgery of Robert Burns signed "Robt. Burns", two pages, 8.5" x 12", and dated Dumfries, Scotland, 1793. Smith has mimicked Burns' holograph to copy four translated stanzas of Ode to Death, a lengthy mid-18th century poem attributed to the King of Prussia. Smith began his forging career in the 1880's, and enjoyed a prolific and profitable career that spanned 5 years, ending in 1893 when he was found guilty of selling forgeries under false pretenses. Smoothed folds, overall light soiling. A clear, dated "Burns" signature. Very good condition.

Scottish Author Thomas Carlyle Autograph Letter Signed, "T. Carlyle", two pages, 4.5" x 7.5", London, November 3, 1840, to an unknown recipient. With considerable flair, Carlyle begs off an invitation by writing, "...Had I a 'Fortunatus' Hat, or even any swift wheel-vehicle, I should straight way seek out Denmark Hill, and deliver my message in person: but I hope you can dispence with that formality in favour of a pedestrian who is rather busy." Smoothed folds, very fine condition. Thomas Carlyle (1795 - 1881) was one of the 19th century's great thinkers. His prolific, influential and versatile pen tackled subjects ranging from history to philosophy to religion. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Samuel L. Clemens [Mark Twain] Autograph Letter Signed "S. L. Clemens," one page, 5" x 8.5". Elmira, September 20, 1884. Unnamed recipient. In full, "The album has gone to Hartford, I judge, where I have not been for 4 months, but where I shall doubtless be, a week or ten days hence." In 1870, Samuel L. Clemens married Olivia Langdon of Elmira, New York, and spent about 20 summers there, working on such classics as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876), The Prince and the Pauper (1882), The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889). When this letter was written, Clemens was preparing to return to his Hartford, Connecticut, home after spending his summer in Elmira. He had already finished writing Huckleberry Finn which was published two months after this letter was written. Pencil notation in unknown hand at upper left. Mounting remnants on verso. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Thomas Stearns Eliot Typed Letter Signed Politely Declining to Publish Poetry recommended by the recipient. TLS "T.S. Eliot" on Faber and Faber LTD Publishers letterhead, one page, 7" x 8", London, September 23, 1947, to Eames MacVeagh, Esq., in the United States. Clearly MacVeagh is from an influential family, as noted by Eliot: "I remember your cousin Rogers MacVeagh at Harvard, and I also knew Lincoln MacVeagh, the ambassador to Greece..." Eliot skirts the issue of the aspiring poet's talent: "I do not see what I could do about Mrs. Meekins' poetry unless, as I think extremely unlikely, I should feel compelled to recommend my firm to publish it here. I could however talk about it and recommend it to friends if I liked it, even though I did not think we should publish it. I must say, however, after a great many years of reading the verse of aspirants that it has been very rarely indeed that I have been moved to such enthusiasm." With a single staple at top left and holographic edits in Eliot's hand, the letter is in near fine condition.

Eugene Field Autograph Poem Signed "Eugene Field," one page, 5.25" x 8.25". On lightweight paper. Titled by Field "The Modern Martyr," five stanzas of seven lines each in Field's tiny script. Begins "'Only an editor's wife,' they say/as she rides along in her proud coupé,/But they all confess that her face is fair-/That her form is lovely beyond compare-/That her robes are rich and her jewels rare-/That her heart is warm and her gold is free-/Yet 'only an editor's wife' is she!" "The Modern Martyr" was written in 1884, a year after Field began writing a humorous newspaper column called "Sharps & Flats" for the Chicago Daily News. He is best known for his poetry for children, especially "Wynken, Blynken, and Nod." Penned across the bottom is a certification by his son, "This is the handwriting of my/father Eugene Field/May 8, 1919 Eugene Field II" Chipped and torn at blank edges. Slight separation at right edge of mid-horizontal fold. Very good condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

F. Scott Fitzgerald Autograph Note Signed "F. Scott Fitzgerald," one page, 7.25" x 5". In full, "Dear Mr. Milkman:/I am/Very Sincerely Yours." Three small pieces of mounting tape have been removed from the verso at three corners resulting in a thinning of the paper which shows through especially in a blank area at the lower right of the signature and behind "Dear M" in the salutation. Two vertical folds, one passing through the "tt" of the signature. There is a tear at the upper edge near the right fold. Light pencil notations in unknown hand in lower left blank area. Proper matting would visually eliminate the defects. Overall, in fine condition. Novelist and short story writer F. Scott Fitzgerald, regarded as one of the greatest authors of the 20th century, was only 44 when he died in 1940. His works include This Side of Paradise, The Great Gatsby, and Tender is the Night. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Edward Everett Hale Archive, consisting of approximately 30 Autograph Letters Signed, mostly 8vo, ca. 1860 through the early 20th century. Grand-nephew of patriot martyr Nathan Hale, Everett Hale (1822-1909) of Massachusetts was a prolific author of fiction as well as a Congregational minister. His celebrated A Man Without a Country was published in 1863 as an expression of his passion for the Union. The letters herein span the most productive years of Hale's professional life in both letters and theology. One brief ALS from the 1890s sheds light on what was surely a delightful personality. It reads, "I do not care a straw whether To-day is spelled with a hyphen or without. Berty seemed to think I might be difficult." Conditions range from very good to excellent, with most material being very fine. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Sara Josepha Hale Archive of Autograph Letters Signed and Personal Correspondence. The lifework of Hale, an important American female author and magazine editor, would fill dozens of thick volumes but yet she is best known for authoring a simple nursery rhyme, "Mary Had a Little Lamb" (which, by the way, was inspired by an actual incident). We can also thank Ms. Hale for our annual Thanksgiving holiday. She conducted a letter writing and editorial page campaign for many years to have the last Thursday in November declared a "Day of National Thanksgiving" for the American people; the campaign culminated with a personal letter she wrote to President Lincoln in September 1863 that began "Permit me, as Editress of the "Lady's Book", to request a few minutes of your precious time, while laying before you a subject of deep interest to myself and - as I trust - even to the President of our Republic, of some importance. This subject is to have the day of our annual Thanksgiving made a National and fixed Union Festival." Lincoln decided to take her good advice and, just days later, issued a proclamation that made the fourth Thursday of November Thanksgiving Day.

This lot consists of three ALsS by Hale as follows: 1). "Sarah Josepha Hale", nine pages, 5.5" x 8.5", Philadelphia , January 9, 1865, to Dr. Mason, about fine condition. 2). "Sarah J. Hale", three pages, 8.25" x 11", Philadelphia , January 9, 1865, to Mrs. Mason, about very good condition with some tattering and fold weaknesses. 3). "Sarah J. Hale", eleven pages, 5" x 8", Philadelphia, October 23, 1865, to Dr. James Rush, fine condition.

Also included are approximately 16 letters written to Ms. Hale from various family members, politicians, and literary figures including: Samuel Austin Allibone (author and bibliographer); Charles John Biddle (U.S. congressman and newspaper publisher); John L. Blake (congressman); Maria Mitchell (astronomer); Lydia Sigourney (poet); Emma Willard (women's rights advocate); and Louis A. Godey (editor and publisher). Also included are various newspaper clippings about Ms. Hale. A wonderful group of material from this important 19th century writer and activist.

Joel Chandler Harris Autograph Letter Signed "Joel Chandler Harris," one page, 5.25" x 8.25". Atlanta, Ga., January 6, 1883. To Prof. J.A, Harrison. In full, "Pray accept my sincere thanks for your kindness in sending me your article on 'The Creole Patois of Louisiana.' It is wonderfully interesting. Miss Calinda, I presume, is the Miss Meadows of the Creole negroes - There is an allusion in Dr. Mercier's Specimen to the fact that the terrapin, upon a previous occasion has beaten the rabbit in a trial of speed. Can this be a reference to Aesop? If so, it has been injected, for a negro myth-story is a negro myth-story, whether it be told in Portuguese, French or English. The creole patois is certainly picturesque and full of humor. I must thank you for your kindly mention of Uncle Remus. Somehow or other, nobody approaches the old man in a critical spirit, and for this I am grateful. It has saved me a good deal of mortification." He adds, "P.S. - Do you have the 'joree' in Virginia? And is it the starling? In Putnam county, Ga., I have heard the negroes use the name adjectively, as 'Whar John?' 'Don't ax me; dat n***** done gone joreein.' This may mean anything or nothing." "The Creole Patois of Louisiana" by J.A. Harrison appeared on pages 285-296 of Volume 3, No. 11 of The American Journal of Philology. A photocopy of the article is included with this lot. Dr. Alfred Mercier is a New Orleans physician. In his article, Harrison notes that "Tchiak is the name given by the Creole negroes to the starling, which, Dr. Mercier tells me, is applied adjectively to express various states of spirituous exhilaration." Harrison mentions Uncle Remus in this passage on page 286: "Illiterate white folk and Africans of the purest blood, catching by ear the more or less indistinct utterances of the landed and commercial aristocracy around them, have reproduced in their own way, otographically, so to speak, the message delivered in their far from fastidious sensorium, producing a dialect resembling French in a fashion that suggests the relation between the Æthiopica of Uncle Remus and current English." Featuring Br'er Rabbit, the Uncle Remus stories by journalist Joel Chandler Harris (1848-1908) first appeared in the Atlanta Constitution in 1879 - this letter was written on the newspaper's red-imprinted stationery just four years later. It was followed by stories in book form, including Uncle Remus; His Songs and His Sayings: The Folk-Lore of the Old Plantation (1880), Nights with Uncle Remus (1881, 1882), Uncle Remus and His Friends (1892), and Uncle Remus and the Little Boy (1905). The 1946 part live-action, part animated film Song of the South introduced the movie-going public to Uncle Remus and featured the Oscar-winning song, "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah." Letters of Joel Chandler Harris mentioning Uncle Remus are scarce and extremely desirable. This letter, in very fine condition, concerns the language used by Creoles in Louisiana; the words uttered by Uncle Remus was a vital part of Harris's stories. This letter would make a magnificent addition to any autograph collection.

Joel Chandler Harris Autograph Letter Signed "Joel Chandler Harris," one page, 5.25" x 8.25". Atlanta, Ga., January 6, 1883. To Prof. J.A, Harrison. In full, "Pray accept my sincere thanks for your kindness in sending me your article on 'The Creole Patois of Louisiana.' It is wonderfully interesting. Miss Calinda, I presume, is the Miss Meadows of the Creole negroes - There is an allusion in Dr. Mercier's Specimen to the fact that the terrapin, upon a previous occasion has beaten the rabbit in a trial of speed. Can this be a reference to Aesop? If so, it has been injected, for a negro myth-story is a negro myth-story, whether it be told in Portuguese, French or English. The creole patois is certainly picturesque and full of humor. I must thank you for your kindly mention of Uncle Remus. Somehow or other, nobody approaches the old man in a critical spirit, and for this I am grateful. It has saved me a good deal of mortification." He adds, "P.S. - Do you have the 'joree' in Virginia? And is it the starling? In Putnam county, Ga., I have heard the negroes use the name adjectively, as 'Whar John?' 'Don't ax me; dat n***** done gone joreein.' This may mean anything or nothing." "The Creole Patois of Louisiana" by J.A. Harrison appeared on pages 285-296 of Volume 3, No. 11 of The American Journal of Philology. A photocopy of the article is included with this lot. Dr. Alfred Mercier is a New Orleans physician. In his article, Harrison notes that "Tchiak is the name given by the Creole negroes to the starling, which, Dr. Mercier tells me, is applied adjectively to express various states of spirituous exhilaration." Harrison mentions Uncle Remus in this passage on page 286: "Illiterate white folk and Africans of the purest blood, catching by ear the more or less indistinct utterances of the landed and commercial aristocracy around them, have reproduced in their own way, otographically, so to speak, the message delivered in their far from fastidious sensorium, producing a dialect resembling French in a fashion that suggests the relation between the Æthiopica of Uncle Remus and current English." Featuring Br'er Rabbit, the Uncle Remus stories by journalist Joel Chandler Harris (1848-1908) first appeared in the Atlanta Constitution in 1879 - this letter was written on the newspaper's red-imprinted stationery just four years later. It was followed by stories in book form, including Uncle Remus; His Songs and His Sayings: The Folk-Lore of the Old Plantation (1880), Nights with Uncle Remus (1881, 1882), Uncle Remus and His Friends (1892), and Uncle Remus and the Little Boy (1905). The 1946 part live-action, part animated film Song of the South introduced the movie-going public to Uncle Remus and featured the Oscar-winning song, "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah." Letters of Joel Chandler Harris mentioning Uncle Remus are scarce and extremely desirable. This letter, in very fine condition, concerns the language used by Creoles in Louisiana; the words uttered by Uncle Remus was a vital part of Harris's stories. This letter would make a magnificent addition to any autograph collection.

Southern Author Joel Chandler Harris Typed Letter Signed, 1 1/4 pages, 5" x 8", Atlanta, Georgia, June 9, 1905, to R. U. Johnson, New York City. The letter reads in part: "...In the early spring the University of Pennsylvania suggested that it would like to confer upon me the degree of Doctor of Letters, but when I discovered that it would be necessary for me to be on hand in person and wear some kind of a cassock, I simply sawed wood and said nothing, and the degree that was to have been conferred on me was handed out to Emperor Bill, of Germany-- and much good may it do him! I thought, and still think, that it would avail me nothing to be a doctor of letters unless it would enable me to doctor my own stuff...". Typed on a personal letterhead upon which is a rabbit logo cleverly formed by the initials "JCH". With original stamped cover. Collector's small notation in pencil, else excellent condition.
Harris, a Georgia native, drew upon local black folklore to create his celebrated Uncle Remus stories. His tales, though once hugely popular worldwide, are quite out of fashion today. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Ernest Hemingway Autograph Letter Signed "E H", one page, 7.75" x 6", Madrid, Spain, July 15, 1959, to "Bill". In 1959 and 1960 Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Hemingway was in Spain traveling the bullfighting circuit in preparation for a lengthy essay on the subject. This letter, penned on the stationery of Madrid's Hotel Suecia, was likely to Bill Davis, a friend of Hemingway's in Spain. The "V" mentioned is Valerie Danby-Smith, a freelance journalist working as Hemingway's secretary. The letter reads: "Dear Bill: Will you please call me at 6.30 pm 1830 and we will go with V., if she wishes, to buy the secretaral etc.". Very light stains and smoothed folds, else very fine condition. Professionally matted and framed with a picture of Hemingway and friends enjoying some wine in a casual atmosphere.

Author Ernest Hemingway Signature on a Card, "With all best wishes Ernest Hemingway Feb 20 1948", 5.5" x 2.25", on yellow paper mounted to heavier stock. Bold inscription, excellent condition.

Ernest Hemingway Signature "E. Hemingway" in ink along with his address "San Francisco de Paula Cuba" on a 3" x 1.25" clip excised from a mailing label on an envelope. Hemingway first lived in Cuba during the late 1930s at the Hotel Ambos Mundos. In 1940, he took part of the money he earned by writing For Whom the Bell Tolls and purchased a home, the Finca Vigia, in San Francisco de Paula, a suburb of Havana. It was at the Finca that he kept his fishing boat the Pilar which would be immortalized in the Nobel Prize winning novel The Old Man and the Sea. Cuba would remain his home until the political situation in 1960 forced his move to the United States. His home there is now a museum owned by the Cuban government. One vertical fold, else fine.

L. Ron Hubbard Typed Letter Signed, "Ron", one page on personal letterhead, 7" x 10", n.p., March 5, 1980, to Ruth Minshull, Ann Arbor, Michigan. The letter reads in part, "...You've done a considerable service in the dissemination of Dianetics and Scientology over the years, and your hard work is most appreciated. I am concerned to hear that so much complication seems to have arisen...get in touch directly with Roger Barnes...Roger is quite competent and I'm sure you'll be satisfied with his services." Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (1911-1986), a prolific author of pulp fiction, is best remembered as the controversial founder of the Church of Scientology. Excellent condition.

Thomas Mann Autograph Note Signed in ink on a 5.5" x 2.5" blue card, Pacific Palisades, California, May 1948. In German, translates to: "To H. M. Brehm/ With best wishes for the betterment of/ your collection." Mann (1875-1955) was an important German writer, social critic, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate. He is known for such works as Death in Venice, The Magic Mountain, Joseph and His Brothers, and Doctor Faustus. Very fine condition.

Partial Autograph Note Signed by Herman Melville removed from a letter to "A. Huntington Esq.". The noted author writes: "Present my compliments to Mrs. Huntington and make me Yours Very Sincerely H. Melville". Sheet, 5" x 3", has been glued to a larger page, likely from a book. Despite showthrough from mounting, paper is very clean with dark ink. With room for matting around holograph, in very good condition.

Margaret Mitchell: Signed Christmas Card, bifolia, 9.25" x 5.5", Atlanta, Georgia, includes envelope dated December 21, 1948 and addressed to Mr. Myron Quimby in San Antonio, Texas, blue ink. An American novelist born in Georgia, Mitchell won the Pulitzer Prize for her epic book Gone With the Wind, about life in the South during the Civil War era. A Christmas card signed as "Margaret Mitchell Marsh". She writes: "I felt so sorry for the P.O. folks. I bought them a 5lb. Box of candy to take their minds off their feet. I thought of you and was glad you weren't having to handle the load.Best to you both". Mitchell died on August 11, 1949, after being struck by an off-duty cab driver, making this her last Christmas. Fine condition.

James R. Randall Autograph Poem "Maryland! My Maryland" Signed "James R. Randall," one page, 8.5" x 11". Augusta, Georgia, no date. Randall has penned the second stanza of his nine stanza poem, "Maryland! My Maryland!" on stationery of The Augusta Chronicle: "Hark to an exiled son's appeal,/Maryland!/My mother State, to thee I kneel,/Maryland!/For life and death, for woe and weal,/Thy peerless chivalry reveal,/And gird they beauteous limbs with steel,/Maryland! My Maryland!" After hearing of the death in of a friend involved in a skirmish with Union troops marching through Baltimore on April 19, 1861, Baltimore-born James R. Randall, teaching in Louisiana, was so aroused that he wrote the poem, "Maryland! My Maryland!" at night by candlelight. It first appeared in the April 26, 1861, issue of the New Orleans Sunday Delta and was eventually set to the music of "Tannenbaum, O Tannenbaum." The song became very popular throughout the Confederacy. In 1939, "Maryland! My Maryland!" was adopted as the Maryland state song. Small circular stain in blank area at right. Portion torn off in blank lower left corner, frayed at bottom. Penciled collector's notes at bottom. Boldly penned and signed. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

AutographManuscript "The Voyage of the Trevessa's Boats" signed twice by the author "Owen Rutter", 17 pages, 8" x 12.75", unbound, March 12, 1938. It is the story of the survivors of the shipwreck of the S.S. Trevessa. On June 3, 1923, the Trevessa sank in the middle of the southern Indian Ocean, having left Fremantle, Australia for Britain and Europe. Two boats were launched leaving the crew of forty-four hoping for assistance. They eventually set a course for Rodriguez Island. One boat made it after twenty-six days. The other boat however experienced a tragic passage. Water ran short and despite repeated warnings, four Indian members of the crew drank seawater and died. The second engineer fell overboard during rough weather and another crewman died two hours before land was sighted. This boat missed Rodriguez Island and sighted Mauritius on 28 June. The survivors were so exhausted by this time they had to be carried ashore, and the chief cook died soon after arrival. An interesting tale!

George Bernard Shaw Typewritten Letter Signed "G Bernard Shaw," one page, 7" x 4.5". London, May 4, 1932. To Mr. G. S. Sandilands, Cromwell Gardens. In full, "I shall not go to the Spare show because I am not a buyer of works of art; and I share the general reluctance to disappoint a shopkeeper by walking out without buying anything. I am glad that Mr Spare has joined the body of artists who have taken up my Woolworth suggestion; but all the work of his that I have seen is unsuited for domestic decoration. People want pictures that are pleasant to live with. I have not yet met any normal British householders who would care to live with Mr Spare's drawings, or bring up their families on daily contemplation of them. Therefore I rather doubt if the Woolworth plan will benefit him much, though I suppose he must follow his inspiration and work out his artistic destiny in his own way." Of the drawings of British occult artist Austin Osman Spare (1886-1956), Shaw was quoted as saying "Spare's medicine too strong for the normal man," an opinion echoed in this letter. One grammatical edit in Shaw's hand. Mounting remnants at upper edge on verso. Toned from prior framing. Overall, in fine condition.

Robert Sherwood: Handwritten BBC Address to the French People on the Liberation of Paris. Two pages, 8" x 10.25", August 26, 1944, ruled notebook paper, ink. A draft of his BBC address delivered on the occasion of the Allied liberation of Paris in late August, 1944. Robert Sherwood (1896-1955) American playwright, screenwriter, editor and an original member of the Algonquin Round Table. At the outbreak of the Second World War, Sherwood became active in politics, advocating assisting the allies against Hitler despite U.S. neutrality. In June of 1940 he authored a full page newspaper advertisement entitled "Stop Hitler Now!" arguing that anyone who believed that Germany was not a threat to America was "either an imbecile or a traitor". Harry Hopkins soon took notice of Sherwood and hired him to assist in writing a speech for Franklin Roosevelt. He continued writing for FDR until the end of his administration. He also served as director of the Overseas Branch of the Office of War Information (O.W.I.) from 1942 to 1944. Indeed it was the pressure of Anderson, together with William Donovan, upon Roosevelt, which resulted in the formation of the O.W.I. The office, in conjunction with the BBC, formed the American Broadcasting Station in Europe (A.B.S.I.E.) which is the direct predecessor to the present-day Voice of America.

Titled by Sherwood "For BBC-ABSIE Paris Program", this historic address reads in part: "The British and American radio has brought you this program commemorating the liberation of Paris. We, your Allies, have been broadcasting to you for four years. We have spoken to the people of Paris - the people of France - who have lived under the tyranny of Nazi Germany and the treachery of Vichy. We have reported truthfully the news of grave Allied defeats. We have told you of the reverses that we have suffered in Greece and Crete, Pearl Harbor and Singapore of Rommel's advances in Libya and of the campaigns that brought the German armies into the fatal[?] streets of Stalingrad. And today we are bringing you news of Allied victory on every front - of the demoralization and disintegration of Germany's once powerful war machine...Paris is liberated - and France is once more free to take her place among the great nations of the earth...We look forward with enthusiasm to the day when the Voice of France from France will be joined with our own voices against our common enemies". The liberation of Paris was a most dramatic event, and Sherwood's address magnificently underscores the importance of the moment. The spectacular landing at Normandy on June 6 was followed by nearly two months of stalemate as the Allies reinforced their positions to begin a breakout which began in earnest on August 1, 1944. By August 13, the Allies had completely liberated most of Brittany and everything south to the Loire River. Two days later, in response to the news, Parisian police and métro workers went out on strike, the post office followed on the 16th. The following day, Vicy President Maréchal Pétan is 'invited' by the Germans to leave for the East. The collaborator Pierre Laval leaves Paris that day under German escort. By the 19th Paris was in general insurrection. Soon, German troops were fleeing the city as rapidly as possible, part of a general retreat throughout France toward Germany. On Saturday, August 26, Charles de Gaulle made his triumphant march from the Arc de Triomphe to Notre Dame signaling the end of German occupation. Sherwood later wrote the screenplay for the Academy Award winning film The Best Years of Our Lives, about returning American soldiers following World War II. Fine condition.

Harriet Beecher Stowe Autograph Document Signed. One page, 8" x 9.25", March 2, 1893. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896), noted abolitionist and author of Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), writes in full: " 'He heareth the poor when he crieth, the needy and him that's hath no helper.' / Harriet Beecher Stowe, / Born Litchfield, Conn / June 14, 1811 / Hartford Conn, March 2, 1893" The document is double-matted and framed with a 6" x 8" photograph of Stowe and a small presentation plaque. The document is in very good condition with slight fading.

Dylan Thomas Autograph Letter Signed, one page, 5.25" x 5.25", The Boathouse, Laugharne, Camarthenshire, Wales, n.d., ca. late 1951, to Michael Powell, n.p. The letter reads, "Roger Burford gave your address to my agent, David Higham, and said that you wanted to hear from me about the possibility of my working on a film story. I wasn't told any details, but I wanted, of course, like enormously to work on a story for you. Could we meet anywhere? Or would you drop me a line? I'll be at this address." Thomas also inscribed "Laugharne 69" - his new phone number - above the letter's body. Very fine condition with a bold, perfectly legible inscription. Michael Powell, the recipient of this letter, was an English-born director who, in late 1951, solicited the collaboration of Igor Stravinsky and Dylan Thomas for a new film. Thomas and Powell met in January, 1952, however the project never received funding and was dropped.

Letters To Dylan Thomas's Mother And Widow, as follows:
Autograph Letter Signed, "Beryl", three pages, Merioneth, Wales, November 21, 1953, to Mrs. D. J. Thomas, Laugharne, Wales. A family friend here writes a letter of condolence shortly after the death of 39 year-old Dylan Thomas. She writes, in part, that "...you will find great consolation in the fact that he was so very widely appreciated, both here and in America...". With original envelope, very fine condition.
Typed Letter Signed, "Charlie", two pages, 8.5" x 11", Rio Marina, Italy, June 6, 1955, to Caitlin Thomas, n.p. The author of this letter to Dylan Thomas's wife was C. P. Murchie, a friend living in Italy. A very informative and chatty personal letter that makes no mention of the deceased Mr. Thomas. Some soiling, fine condition.

Dylan Thomas's Son's Penmanship Book, 24 pp., 7" x 6.25", ca. 1950s. This primary school workbook belonged to Colm Thomas (b. 1949), the second son of Dylan and Caitlin Thomas. The book's front cover is inscribed "Colm" while the inside has repetitious letter-drawing exercises. Of particular interest is a page in which the young scribe wrote his father's name four times. Worn as expected from actual grade school use. Very good condition. Since Colm was only four years old when his father died, it is most likely that this book was penned after 1953.

J.R.R. Tolkien Letter Signed With a Lengthy Holograph Postscript A printed form letter signed "J.R.R. Tolkien", 1 page, 5.25" x 7", Oct. 12, 1966, addressed to a fan thanking him for his letter. Tolkien adds a personalized three line postscript: "If you use one of the modern steel bows, you should be developing a good torso!" Readers of the Lords of the Ring trilogy will immediately note that "steel bows" were used by the Numenor race. In Tolkien's mythology, Numenor was a part of Middle Earth, and its inhabitants were legendary warriors and horsemen. Although this letter is a printed form used by the author, no doubt in response to the voluminous fan mail resulting from his success, the addition of a holograph referencing his great literary creation adds tremendously to the value of this letter. Accompanied by the original mailing envelope. In fine condition.

J. R. R. Tolkien Typed Letter Signed"J. R. R. Tolkien," one page, 8" x 10". Oxford, February 17, 1963. With original envelope (torn), 4.5" x 3.25", addressed to Miss Julie Cape, Newcastle upon Tyne. In full, "Thank you very much for your nice letter. I was very pleased that you wrote to tell me you enjoyed The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. As for writing more about the same characters, I have written almost all there is to write about them. But I hope you will recognize some of the characters in another book I am busy writing, called The Silmarillion, which I hope will soon be finished. Please give my best wishes to your family and sister, it sounds as if I have many friends amongst them." There are two tiny holes in the blank areas where the horizontal and vertical folds meet. Tolkien, who died in 1973, never finished The Silmarillion. It was edited and published posthumously by his son, Christopher Tolkien, in 1977. The Silmarillion tells the history of the First Age of Middle-Earth, the world in which The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings are set. Tolkien is rare in any form. This magnificent letter, in fine condition, mentions all three of Tolkien's great works!

Leo Tolstoy Typed Letter Signed, one page, sight size 7.75" x 2.25"; framed to 15" x 15", ca. 1900, to Czar Nicholas II, in Cyrillic. Smoothed fold, very fine condition. The letter is professionally matted and framed with two postcard images of Tolstoy in later life.
Leo Tolstoy (1828 - 1910) is best remembered for authoring the novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina. His legacy also extends into the realms of philosophy and pacifism, with the young Ghandi being greatly influenced by the Russian thinker.

H. G. Wells 1929 Autograph Letter Signed. One page, Easton Glebe Dunmow letterhead, April 3, 1929. Wells sends regrets regarding a lecture invitation, in full: "I wish indeed I could give the time needed to make a proper lecture for H R D S -- of which I am a loyal supporter. But I am very heavily overworked & I can not do this opportunity justice. [Julian] Huxley & I are taking a strong line about vivisection in the popular publication The Science Globe which will cost us many purchases. So forgive me the lecture." Fine condition with mailing folds.

John Greenleaf Whittier Autograph Note Signed, "Jno. G. Whittier", one page, 4.75" x 8", Oak Knoll, Danvers, Massachusetts, November 26, 1879. Twelve lines of signed verse are accompanied by the following note: "The other day I came across a copy of a poem that was not intended for publication & so far as I know has never been in print. It was written for a Miss Mary Bowen of Ravenna Ohio. I thought if Charley had never seen it he might be pleased to have a copy of this stray verse of the good Quaker pref." The first four lines of the poem are: "In old Ravenna by the sea / Amid the tall outlying pines / The pilgrim, seeking Dante's tomb / Pauses and kneels by Mary's shrine...". Browning along top margin, fine condition overall. Whittier (1807-1892), a Quaker and an Abolitionist, was one of 19th century America's foremost men of letters.

James Montgomery Flagg Autograph Drawing/Letter Signed, 10.5" x 8.25" (16.5 x 14.5" including the frame), pencil and watercolor on paper. Featuring a recumbent, scowling Uncle Sam surrounded by Flagg's flourishing handwriting, "Good God! The act I have to put on! No, No, Kids - get me - I get fed up with being so Gordom noble & stuff! Remind me- will you - never to make peace with Nazis & Japs - exterminate the vermin - & you know my children - I can! Your uncle is a spread eagle blowhard - but there are guns with the wind! & more guns! To our President! God Bless him! Jim Flagg".
Flagg (1877-1960) is best remembered as the creator of the most famous recruiting poster of all time, the commanding figure of Uncle Sam pointing his finger and declaring, "I Want You!" Flagg posed for the iconic figure himself. This representation of Uncle Sam is also based on Flagg's likeness. The painting is in fine condition.

John Trumbull Historic Autograph Letter Signed "J.T.," one page, 8" x 8". New York, January 5, 1819. To Secretary of State John Quincy Adams. Trumbull's retained copy; the letter he sent Adams is in the National Archives. In full, "After a detention of two weeks on my way from New York, I have the pleasure to acquaint you that I yesterday reached this place with my painting in perfect safety; - it is now on the Road for Phila when I shall meet it on Saturday morning. In that City I am offered the use of the room in which the Act passed, and shall avail myself at the offer to exhibit the picture for two weeks. I may be induced to stop for one at Baltimore, & shall reach Washington early in February, prepared to place the Picture in the Situation which may be determined upon. On referring to my Contract, you will observe that I am entitled to receive Six Thousand dollars, on the delivery of each of the four paintings. If it be necessary will you have the goodness to see that the proper provision is made for this purpose in the Act of Appropriation. Your Father did me the honor to look at my work in Faneuil Hall and I was delighted to find him in good health & in the perfect enjoyment of all his faculties to a degree I scarcely ever witnessed at his advanced age. I left him well." Contemporary note at bottom left in unknown hand: "namely the first/President Adams." John Adams was then 83-years-old. On February 6, 1817, it was "Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to employ John Trumbull, of Connecticut, to compose and execute four paintings commemorative of the most important events of the American Revolution, to be placed, when finished, in the capitol of the United States."

From Autobiography, Remin

iscences, and Letters of John Trumbull (1841): "The choice of the subjects, and the size of each picture, was left to the president, Mr. Madison. I immediately waited upon the president to receive his orders...when we came to speak of the subject, the president first mentioned the battle of Bunker Hill...My reply was, 'that if the order had been (as I had hoped) for eight paintings, I should have named that first; but as there were only four commanded, I thought otherwise...the surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga, and that of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, seemed to me indispensable. 'True,' replied he, 'you are right; and what for the civil subjects?' 'The declaration of independence, of course.' 'What would you have for the fourth?' 'Sir,' I replied, 'I have thought that one of the highest moral lessons ever given to the world, was that presented by a the conduct of the commander-in-chief, in resigning his power and commission as he did, when the army, perhaps, would have been unanimously with him, and few of the people disposed to resist his retaining the power which he had used with such happy success, and such irreproachable moderation. I would recommend, then, the resignation of Washington. After a momentary silent reflection, the president said, 'I believe you are right, it was a glorious action.' The price was settled, at eight thousand dollars for each painting, and, as soon as the new administration was formed under Mr. Monroe, the secretary of state was charged to prepare a contract on these principles, which was done."

On March 15, 1817, a contract was made between Trumbull and Monroe's Secretary of State, Richard Rush, for four paintings: "1st. The Declaration of Independence; 2nd. Surrender of the British to the American forces at Saratoga; 3rd. The Surrender of the British to the American forces at Yorktown; 4th. The Resignation of General Washington

at Annapolis. And the said John Trumbull engages, that each of the aforesaid paintings shall have a surface of not less than eighteen feet by twelve feet, with figures as large as life..." Trumbull was paid $8,000 upon signing the contract and was to receive $6,000 upon delivery of each of the four paintings. On March 3, 1819, two months after Trumbull wrote this letter to Secretary of State J.Q. Adams, Congess appropriated "For the second payment to John Trumbull, for paintings agreeably to his contract with the Secretary of State, made in pursuance of a resolution of Congress, of the sixth of February, eighteen hundred and seventeen, six thousand dollars." Trumbull was paid treasury warrant No. 234, dated March 4, 1819, for $6,000. He was paid $6,000 for each of the three remaining paintings in 1820, 1822, and 1824. The paintings were placed in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol in 1824 where they hang today. The letter has been expertly strengthened on verso with tissue and is in fine condition. A remarkable letter relating to one of the, if not the most famous of all American paintings. This letter is ideal to frame and display with a reproduction of the actual painting.

Statue of Liberty Sculptor Frederic August Bartholdi Autograph Letter Signed, "Bartholdi", one page, 4.5" x 7", n.p., November 24, 1895. Written in French to a friend with a large, bold signature. Very fine condition and accompanied by two commemorative stamps.

Frederic Auguste Bartholdi Autograph Letter Signed "Bartholdi" in French, two pages, 4.25" x 7", separate sheets. To Mr. Spaulding. Paris, April 30, 1888. Translated. In full, " thank you for your kind thoughts but you must excuse me at this time if I cannot come to see you. I am so pressed for time in what I am doing that I can't find time for the day's work. At six o'clock it would be too late to find you. In a few days, I hope to be a little more free and I plan to go away for a short time. But I shall come to your office before my departure to shake your hand. I beg you to please give my respectful compliments to Mrs. Spaulding and accept with her the best wishes of Mrs. Bartholdi." Almost certainly to Henry Spaulding (1839-1905), Treasurer of The American Committee for the Statue of Liberty, who had a home at Maisons-Laffitte near Paris. He had first come to France in 1872 to be in charge of the Paris branch of Tiffany & Co. The Committee was formed in 1877 to raise funds to build the pedestal for the statue of Liberty Enlightening the World. Sculpted by Bartholdi, the statue was presented by the people of France to the people of America on July 4, 1884. The statue was then shipped across the Atlantic in 214 crates broken into 350 individual separate pieces and was assembled on Bedloe's (now Liberty) Island in New York harbor on the pedestal paid for by Americans. The Statue of Liberty was unveiled by Bartholdi on October 28, 1886. In 1888, Spaulding sold his stock in Tiffany & Co. and founded his own firm in Chicago, Spaulding & Co., opening a Paris branch in 1889. Penned on Bartholdi's monogrammed stationery. Lightly foxed. Tiny hole in upper blank area of second page. Glue stains and mounting remnants on verso of the second page do not materially affect the letter's appearance. Great Statue of Liberty association!

Albert Bierstadt: Dated Signature on Letterhead "Albert Bierstadt". One page, 4.5" x 7", January 26, 1876, unknown letterhead. The page reads, all in Bierstadt's hand, "New York Jan 26th 1876. Sincerely Yours Albert Bierstadt". Bierstadt remains one of the most admired artists of the Hudson River School, famous for painting large landscapes of the American West. The document here is in fine condition, with one horizontal and one vertical fold, and minimal wrinkling of the paper below the signature.

Howard Chandler Christy Original Ink Sketch Signed in full on a blue card, 6" x 3", 1948. An American artist and illustrator, Christy (1873-1952) is famous for his "Christy Girl," a romanticized image of the contemporary society woman. His work was published in many popular magazines and books, and his World War I recruiting posters are among the finest of the period. His painting, Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States, is one of the most dramatic and best known depictions of the American Revolution. It currently is displayed in the U.S. Capitol building. Very fine condition.

American Painter Rembrandt Peale Autograph Letter Signed, one page, 5" x 7.75", n.p., May 15, 1857, to a Mr. Durand. The letter reads: "After you left me this morning it occurred to me that possibly in your next number you would give a few words on the Exhibition here - In this case you might say that it contained nothing from my pencil, & that I preferred to send a portrait, my last work in my 80th Year, to the New York Academy. If amiss - excuse me. / Which I have done - That of a Young Man." Lightly toned, excellent condition.
Rembrandt Peale (1778-1860) was the son of 18th century American painter Charles Wilson Peale and became a celebrated artist in his own right. This fine letter was likely written to Asher B. Durand, one of the founders of the popular Hudson River School of landscape painting. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Three Tom Sawyer Postcards Signed By Norman Rockwell. These vintage postcards each reproduce a Rockwell painting commissioned by The Heritage Press and Limited Editions Book Club in 1935 for a special printing of Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer".The cards, published by the Becky Thatcher Bookshop of Hannibal, Missouri, are signed in blue ink by the famous genre artist. Excellent condition.

Ross Santee Signed Color Pencil and Ink Sketches, Autograph Notes Signed, and a signed article; a great group of items from this noted western artist and author. Santee (1889-1965), to quote his obituary in the New York Times, was "...the artist who came to Arizona in 1915 to be a cowboy and stayed to capture the lonely beauties of the state with a pen and brush... This was the chronicler of the old Southwest, whose sketches of lithe horses and burly buffaloes, of the arid grandeur he saw in the desert country, filled the pages of many magazines and became the illustrations for several books. They also gave the world a graphic idea of what the Southwest and its men were really like." Included in this lot are: two 7.5" x 5.5" ANsS each with a colorful sketch above, mounted lightly to the same cardstock sheet; two additional sketches surrounding a clipped magazine portrait on cardstock, signed once; a third ANS beneath a sketch of an Apache mounted to cardstock containing a biography and clipped magazine illustration; and an illustrated magazine article "Water" signed by Santee. A great lot for the western art collector or dealer with five color sketches included. Fine condition.

Charles Schulz 1940 High School Yearbook. 120 pages, 4to (8" x 10.75"), plastic-spiral-bound, beige boards with black lettering and artwork. "Peanuts"-creator Charles M. Schultz (1922-2000) was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and grew up in St. Paul, where he graduated from Central High School in 1940. This is his senior yearbook, The Cehisian, which features two photographs of the future comic-strip artist: page 34 features his senior photo with the graduating class; page 63 includes him in a group photo with the Art Club. The yearbook, which belonged to another graduating senior, features dozens of inscriptions and signatures of Schultz's classmates. The book is in very good condition: the binding has moderate wear and stains; the pages have minor stains and yellowing.

Richard Morell Staigg: Original Art Sketchbook with Many Pencil Sketches Included. This 6.75" x 4.5" sketchbook contains over 25 original pencil sketches by Staigg, who was a miniature and genre painter in the mid-19th century. The sketches in this book range from landscapes to animals to human subjects, including a watercolor scene depicting a sailboat at sea. The sketches have been done on various card stock, paper, and even one of Staigg's business cards, which is affixed to one of the pages of the book. A sketch at the front of the pocket-sized sketchbook shows animals grazing near a large haystack; this particular sketch is signed in initials by Staigg and dated 1881, the year of his death. A remarkable collection of Staigg studies in various stages of completion.

American Painter Thomas Sully Autograph Letter Signed, "Thos Sully", one page, 4.75" x7.75", Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 28, 1869, to Thomas Blackburne, n.p. The letter reads: "The Portrait I saw at 431 Christian St. I thought was signed by Stuart, and one of uncommon force and skill." With original mailing envelope annotated by a 19th century autograph collector. The letter has some browning, very good condition. Thomas Sully (1783-1872) was one of early America's great portrait painters. He studied under Gilbert Stuart as a young man and no doubt is referring to his teacher's work in this letter.

American Painter John Trumbull Autograph Document Signed, one page, 7" x 8', Hartford< Connecticut, September 2, 1795. "This may certify that I have received from Mr. William Wadsworth of Farmington Twenty One Pounds Eighteen Shillings Encl. for my fees in one action brought by Henry Champion Jr. against him & Samuel Whitman, on the Writ of Error brought from the judgment therein, & on one Action brought by sd. Champion against said Wadsworth soley." Huge, bold signature. Light browning, fine condition. Specializing in historic painting, John Trumbull (1756-1843) captured the men and events of the American Revolution on canvas. His portrayal of the Signing of the Declaration if Independence is perhaps Trumbull's most famous surviving work.

Frank Lloyd Wright Signed Check, one page, Spring Green, Wisconsin, August 15, 1947. This check was designed by Wright for the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation's Taliesin School. Perforated cancel with some old tape along top edge. Fine condition with a large, bold signature.

Frank Lloyd Wright Signed Check, one page, Spring Green, Wisconsin, November 12, 1947. This check was designed by Wright for the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation's Taliesin School. Perforated cancel with some old tape along top edge. Fine condition with a large, bold signature.

George Washington Manuscript Letter Signed " I G:o Washington," one page, 8" x 13". Head Quarters, February 26, 1780. This ... George Washington Manuscript Letter Signed "G:o Washington," one page, 8" x 13". Head Quarters, February 26, 1780. This letter is published in Fitzpatrick's The Writings of George Washington which identifies the writer of the text as Alexander Hamilton, Washington's secretary and aide-de-camp and future secretary of the treasury. Integral leaf addressed by Hamilton: "Major General Greene/ Q.M.G.," franked "Public Service." In full, "In answer to your note on the subject of Col [Clement] Biddles letter. I can only say that I have already recommended his waiting upon the Legislature [of New Jersey] and I still think he will have it in his power to make representations for the good of the service; but though I wish the measure to take place, I would not press it or do violence to the scruples which I cannot but acknowledge are natural in Col Biddies situation. But if he cannot reconcile it to his feelings to go - I shall be glad some other mode may be fallen upon to give the assembly the necessary information and excite to those exertions which the exigency of our affairs requires." Clement Biddle had been appointed by General Nathanael Greene his aide-de-camp in November 1776. On July 1, 1777, General Washington announced the appointment of Biddle as Commissary General of Forage for the main army, putting him in charge of the supply of grain. By late 1779, credit and impressment were the only means by which the animals of the army could be fed. To move the troops into winter quarters at Morris Town, New Jersey, in November 1779, Washington had authorized the impressment of forage as the army marched through New York and New Jersey. The supply situation continued to deteriorate. Biddle had no more hay, and on February 24, 1780, he informed General Greene that the grain in magazines (military warehouses) also would soon be exhausted. By order of Congress, he had neither money nor authority to purchase forage. New Jersey passed an act to provide provisions and forage for the use of the army in its state and appointed purchasing agents in the various counties, naming Azariah Dunham as superintendent. Informed of the situation, General Washington directed Biddle to obtain an accurate account of purchases from Dunham and, if the supply was not sufficient, he was to lay before the New Jersey Legislature the state of the magazines and the need to supply forage until navigation and the condition of the roads permitted bringing forage from the south. In this letter, General Washington informs General Greene of the situation.

On March 6, 1780, nine days later, Washington wrote to the President of Congress, in part, "I find myself under the necessity of transmitting to Your Excellency the Copy of a letter I received Yesterday from the Quarter Master General, pointing out afresh the distresses of his department...I do not know what can or will be done to give relief; but from all I hear and all I see, things really appear to me in this department to be in a very alarming train, and to threaten the most interesting and fatal consequences. The inclosure No 2 (a Copy of a letter of the 24th Ulto. from Colo Biddle to the Quarter Master Genl.) will shew too how we are, and are like to be distressed on account of forage. In consequence of this representation, I prevailed on Colo Biddle as the most eligible plan that occur'd to me, to wait on the Assembly at Trenton and to lay our difficulties and apprehensions on this head before them but what they will or can do I cannot determine. I am very apprehensive that we shall experience great difficulties for want of proper supplies." Congress still had no money for forage. The Journals of the Continental Congress reported on March 7, 1780, that "the Treasurer of the United States...appears to be possessed of about 1,000,000 of dollars only." On May 16, 1780, Col. Biddle wrote to Gen. Washington, advising him that he had resigned the office of Commissary General of Forage to devote his attention to his neglected business affairs with the Treasury Board. Washington wrote at once to the Treasury Board that Biddle's services were so essential that it would be better to defer the settlement of his accounts. The forage problem continued. Congress directed the Quartermaster General to apply to the executives of the states nearest the encampment of the main army to furnish such quantities of forage as would enable him to form magazines for the use of the army. It also ordered him to call on the more distant states to furnish intermediate posts with forage for transporting provisions and stores to the army. Later in 1780, when Washington's army arrived at its winter quarters in New Windsor, New York, the horses of the Artillery and of the spare ammunition wagons were sent to Pennsylvania. The assistant deputy quartermasters there were told to sell old and worn-out horses and provide for the other horses or prevail on the farmers to take care of them. The rest of the army's horses were sent to the western counties of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Congress never found a satisfactory solution to the problem of forage supply for the Continental Army. Luckily, British General Cornwallis supplied the answer: on October 19, 1781, he surrendered to General Washington and the war was over. Washington's quill pen didn't work too well on the "G", then dripped on the "W". This historic letter has been professionally strengthened on verso at edges and folds with tissue and is in fine condition.

George Washington Signed Cover, Including His Family Seal. 2.5" x 5.5", in full "His Excellency / Governor Johnson / G:o Washington" Thomas Johnson (1732-1819) served as Governor of Maryland, a delegate to the Continental Congress, and an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. In June 1775 he nominated Washington to head the Continental Army. In turn, President Washington nominated Johnson to the Supreme Court in 1791. In 1801 Johnson suggested the name "Washington" for the new United States capitol in the District of Columbia. The document, which has been tastefully matted and framed with the famous Gilbert Stuart image of Washington, is in good condition with one horizontal fold; the wax seal is nearly intact with some chipping. Accompanied by a COA from PSA/DNA.

George Washington Autograph Document Signed, "G Washington", one page, 7.25" x 5", n.p. (likely Mt. Vernon), January 25, 1774. Written entirely in Washington's hand, this somewhat enigmatic document appears to be an invoice for expenses associated with surveying lands some twenty years earlier on behalf of a "Colo. Stephen". Old archival repairs along folds, even brown toning. With a large, bold Washington signature. Good condition. The client named on this document could very well be Adam Stephen, who served with Washington in Virginia Militia during the French and Indian War. Stephen, like Washington, was an aggressive land speculator and often was the future president's business and political rival.

George Washington Signature "G:o Washington" on irregularly cut slip of paper, expertly inlaid to 3.5" x 2.5". Lightly toned beneath signature. Tiny light reddish spot between "G" and "W." Boldly signed. Very fine condition.

Cover Addressed by George Washington to Patriot Patrick Henry Fantastic association linking great Revolutionary War Patriots George Washington and Patrick Henry in the form of an address cover engrossed by Washington. In full: "His Excelly Patrick Henry Esg / Gov r of the Commonwealth of Virginia" in large letters. The cover is labeled "Private" in another hand, perpendicularly along the left margin. The docket, which remains largely legible has some paper loss which has been reinforced, caused by the opening of the red wax seal. Cover has wear and some soiling, with mailing folds traversing Washington's holograph in two places. One can only imagine the content of the letter it once transmitted!

John Adams and Robert Treat Paine: Document Signed by Both "R Paine" and "John Adams". Two leaves, four pages, first leaf measures 7.5" x 13.5", second leaf measures 8.25" x 5.5", Taunton, Massachusetts, ink in each person's hand. Unusual document with 200+ words in Paine's hand and 25 words in Adams' hand. A claim of a vessel libel to "...Men of war...enemies, pirates, rovers, thieves... Detainments of all kings... " Signed by both during the preparations for, and shortly after, the Boston Massacre trial in 1770 where they were opposing counsel.

The document reads, in full: "Bristol, George the Third, by the Grace of God, of Great-Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith & c. To the Sheriff of Our County of Bristol his Under-Sheriff or Deputy, Greeting. We command you to attach the goods or estate of Ichabod Jones of Boston in the county of Suffolk mariner to the value of one hundred twenty pounds, and for want thereof to take the body of the said Ichabod (if he may be found in your precinct) and him safely keep so that you have him before our Justices of Our interiour Court of Common Pleas, next to be holden at Taunton, within and for Our said Country of Bristol on the second Tuesday of September next: in the same county Yeowman and Henry Tew of Dighton in the same county day of January at 1770 at Taunton aforesaid according to the . . . of Merchants caused to be written & made a certain policy of . . . in the form following wish Numb. 1043 In the Name of God, Amen, . . . Clothier Hathaway & Henry Tew as well in his own Name, as for and in the Name and Names of all and every other Person or Persons to whim the same doth may or shall ascertain, in Part of in all, doth make assurance, and causeth himself, and then, and every of them, to be insured, lost or not lost, the sum of one hundred eight pounds lawful money from Lucea . . . of Sloop Elizabeth & . . . .Whereof is Master, under GOD, for this present voyage, Paul Tew or Whosever else shall go for Master in the said Vessel, or by whatsoever other Name or Names the same vessel, or whoever the Master thereof, is or shall be named or called, beginning the Adventure upon the said vessel & or aforesaid & to routine & ending the voyage aforesaid & with said vessel that he arrived . . . at anchor twenty four hours in safety . . . And it shall be lawful for the vessel & c. in this voyage, in cases of Extremity and Distress, to proceed and fail to, and touch at any Ports or Places whatsoever, without prejudice to his insurance. Touching the Adventurers and Perils which we the assurers are contented to bear, and do take upon us in this Voyage; they are of the Seas, Men of War, Fires, Enemies, Pirates, Rovers, Thieves, Jettisons, Letters of Mart and Counter- Mart, surprisals, Taking at Sea, Arrests, Restraints and Detainments of all Kings, Princes and People, of what Nation, Condition or Quality forever; Perils, Losses, and Misfortunes, that have or shall come to be Hurt, Detriment or Damage of the Said vessel & any part thereof. And in Case of any Loss on Misfortune, it shall be lawful for the assureds, heir Factors, Servants and Assigns, to sue labour, and travel for, in and about the Defence, Safeguard and Recovery of said Vessel & or any part thereof, without prejudice to this insurance; to the charges whereof we the assurers will contribute, each one according to the Rate and Quantity of sums herein assured. And that in the case of any Average Loss, not exceeding ten pounds per cent . . . . In Witness whereof, We the assurers have subscribed our Names and sums assured in Boston in New England January 18, 1770 Bread, Corn Flax seed, Fish, Salt . . . Skins & such goods . . . attained perishable are warranted free from average unless a general average or the Vessel . . . and the said Clothier & Henry further say that on sd eighteenth day of January at said Taunton the said Ichabod in his proper hand writing . . . said poking of assurance & then & there contracted with the said Clothier & Henry. . . that he had received of the Clothier & Henry the . . . at the rate aforesaid he the said Ichabod was contracted for the ninety pounds . . . poking of assurance is expressed & the said clothier & Henry further say that the said Ichabod in consideration then and there . . . to be performed of the said ninety pounds by the said Ichabaod subscribed & agreed by him to be assured from the said month of November when said vessel was well at St. Lucia and the said Clothier & Henry further in part say that on the fifth day of January 2nd 1770 the said Sloop Elizabeth on her passage from St. Lucia . . . . arrived at Newport aforesaid on the voyage aforesaid by the Temperment of the Sea & weather was wrecked her mast sails & rigging carried overboard & her deck broken up . . . to the damage of the said Clothier & Henry as the said sum of one hundred & eighty pounds, which sall then and there be made to appear, with other due damages. And have you there his Writ, with your doings therein. Witness George Leonard, Esq. At Tauton, this second day of July in the tenth year of Our Riegn. Annoque Domini 1770."

On the reverse Robert Treat Paine writes, "and the said Clothier and Henry agreeing to the written Reservation say that the Def. To Plea is not a sufficient answer. R.T. Paine". Below this, Adams writes, "And the said Ichabad says his plea is sufficient. John Adams."

Ichabod Jones was a merchant of Boston who supplied the people of Machias with provisions, obtained of Admiral Graves. Jones arrived in Bristol and stored his goods calling a town meeting but refusing to name its object. At the meeting he proposed trading as formerly and to "receive pay according to contract." Only a few voted in favor of his proposal and he refused to trade with the opposing party. Knowing that Boston was invested with a British fleet and army, the town became jealous and alarmed for their rights. They proposed taking Jones and vessels by force of arms. Jones escaped into the woods and the citizens took possession of another one of Jones' boats a few miles down the Machias River. Paine was a Signer of the Declaration of Independence, and a clergyman but stopped preaching to become involved in the revolutionary movement. He was chosen as one of the prosecuting attorneys in the Boston Massacre trial and became famous in the Colonies. A delegate to the Continental Congress from Massachusetts, he was elected as the state's first attorney general, a position he held until 1790. He helped draft the Massachusetts constitution and Hancock appointed him a justice of the Superior Court. John Adams was second President (1797-1801). A lawyer and early supporter of the independence movement, Adams defended the British soldiers accused of the Boston Massacre. In the Continental Congress, he helped Jefferson and Franklin draft the Declaration of Independence, which he signed. As Washington's Vice President, he founded the Federalist Party. Elected President in 1796, his term was marked by problems, such as the XYZ Affair with France and passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts. In his retirement, he carried on an extensive correspondence, and saw his son, John Quincy Adams, elected as the sixth President. He died at the age of ninety on July 4, 1826. An amazing document signed by both Paine and Adams. Fine condition, with some spotting, toning, and edge wear. Usual folds.

Dual Autograph Document Signed, "John Quincy Adams" and "Danl Webster", one page, 8" x 10", respectively dated September 21 and September 25, 1824. The nation's future 6th president and the great statesman Daniel Webster each attest here that George Washington Adams had studied law under them. Lightly toned paper, two smoothed folds. Very fine condition.
The subject of these endorsements was the eldest son of John Quincy Adams. The younger Adams reputedly suffered from alcoholism and depression. His death by drowning in 1829 may very well have been suicide. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

John Adams Signed Land Grant Awarded for Service in the Virginia Line DS "John Adams" as President and co-signed by "Timothy Pickering" as Secretary of State, one page on vellum, 12.5" x 14.5", Philadelphia, Jan. 15, 1800, granting one thousand acres of land between "the little Miami and Sciota Rivers, north west of the River Ohio". The land is awarded "in consideration of military service performed by Richard Call (a major for three years) to the United States, in the Virginia Line on Continental Establishment, and in pursuance of an Act of Congress of the United States..." The document has deep folds which have been flattened, and some toning commensurate with age; however it remains very attractive and boasts a large signature, 3" long. With a blind embossed paper seal, and in very good condition.

John Adams, his Signature, "J Adams" on a 3.5" x 2.5" slip. Irregular margins, light vertical crease, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

A Handwritten Invitation by Vice President John Adams ANS in the third person, one page, 8" x 10" folded in half, "Jan. 1794", to a "Mr. Rutherfurd". Adams writes in full: "The Vice President respectfully asks the Honour of Mr. Rutherfurds Company to dine on Monday next / 6. Jan. 1794 / An answer is requested." Paper loss at top left corner, where wax seal was removed, but well away from Adams' holograph. Mounting remnants to verso, otherwise very clean with bold ink.

Thomas Jefferson Manuscript Letter Signed "Th: Jefferson" as Secretary of State, one page, 7.5" x 9.5", New York, July 19, 1790. To the Governor of Georgia (George Walton), fellow Signer of the Declaration of Independence. In full, "I have the honor to send you herein enclosed two copies duly authenticated of the Act for establishing the temporary and permanent Seat of the Government of the United States; Also of the Act further to provide for the payment of the Invalid pensioners of the United States". From the Senate Journal of July 13, 1790: "The Joint Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported, that they did, on the 12th of July, lay before the President of the United States for his approbation, the enrolled bill, entitled 'An act for establishing the temporary and permanent seat of the government of the United States;' and the enrolled bill, entitled 'An act further to provide for the payment of the invalid pensioners of the United States.'" On January 24, 1791, President Washington wrote the U.S. Senate that he had, "by a proclamation hearing date this day directed commissioners, appointed in pursuance of the act, to survey and limit a part of the territory of ten miles square, on both sides of the river Potomac, so as to comprehend Georgetown, in Maryland, and extend to the Eastern Branch." The territory eventually agreed upon became the city of Washington, District of Columbia. Lightly rippled in center and browned at edges. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Thomas Jefferson Signed Land Grant. One page, 9.25" x 15", Richmond, Virginia, July 20, 1780. This document granting a parcel of land to John Robinson was written in another hand but signed "Th: Jefferson" by the future President during his term as Governor of Virginia (1779-1781). The official seal of the Commonwealth of Virginia is also included at bottom left. The verso includes the address of the recipient. Also included in this lot is a 5" x 7" etching of the Third President. The letter is in fair-good condition with some folds (some reinforced on verso with archival tape), soiling, staining, and foxing.

Thomas Jefferson Autograph Document Signed "Th: Jefferson" as Secretary of State, one page, 7.5" x 3". No place, no date. In full, "Department of State to wit. I certify that the above service was performed at my request according to the directions of the law, and that Col. Pickering is authorized to receive the money agreed for." Signed at left "Witness/Chas Burnall." Removed from a larger document but complete in itself. Col. Timothy Pickering was Postmaster General (1791-1795), Secretary of War (1795), and Secretary of State (1795-1800). Jefferson served as Secretary of State (1789-1793), Vice President (1797-1801) and President (1801-1809). Expert strengthening, on verso, of vertical fold at left passing through Burnall's signature. Browned at right edge, blank lower left corner missing, chipped at other corners. Fine condition.

Thomas Jefferson Signed Land Grant, co-signed by James Madison as Secretary of State, one page, 11" x 10" (sight), City of Washington, January 31, 1804, awarding land to the heirs of Revolutionary War veteran Francis Barber who served as a Lt. Colonel. The land is awarded in "pursuance of the act of Congress passed on the fifth day of June 1796, entitled 'An Act regulating the grants of Land appropriated for Military Services , and for the society of the United Brethren for propagating the gospel among the heathen'..." Jefferson's signature remains very visible, although a little spotty as is typical on vellum. The document has been flattened, and the folds are well away from his signature, with just a single fold traversing the "s" in Madison. The lot is accompanied by a 1997 map of Tuscarawas County in Ohio, highlighting where the tracts of land granted are situated.

Thomas Jefferson Autograph Note Signed in the third person. 1 page, 8" x 3", undated, but post-presidential, He writes, in full: "Th: Jefferson asks the favor Mr. Thomas W. Gilmer to dine at Monticello today with Gen La Fayette / Saturday Nov. 13" Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, Lafayette (1757-1834) was a French military officer who fought in both the American and French revolutions. He served Washington in the Revolutionary War as an unpaid volunteer, both as a general and diplomat. In 1824 he became an Honorary Citizen of the United States, a distinction awarded to only six individuals, and is known in the U.S. simply as "General Lafayette." Thomas W. Gilmer (1802-1844) was an attorney who later served in the Virginia House of Delegates and as Governor of Virginia. At the time of the aforementioned dinner, Gilmer could have been no older than in his early 20s (Jefferson died in 1826). Framed with a cover addressed to Thomas Jefferson (not in his hand), measuring 10" x 8". Beautifully double matted with two images of Jefferson and framed to a size of 38" x 24".

Thomas Jefferson Presidential Approval Signed "May 15, 1805/Approved/Th: Jefferson," one page, 8" x 5.5". The lower half of this sheet bears the words "President of the U. States" penned in an unknown hand. The page was folded in half vertically right after Jefferson signed it, so there is light offset to the right of Jefferson's signature. Fine presidential signature penned ten weeks after Jefferson was sworn in for his second term. Docketed in unknown hand on verso, "May 15, 1805/President U. States/44" with show-through behind Jefferson's "May 15." Chipped at blank lower left corner. Fine condition.

Thomas Jefferson: Message From the President of the United States Accompanying Certain Documents..., a rare printed pamphlet discussing muskets and bayonets (Washington, D. C.: Department of War, 1802), 16 pages, disbound, 8vo (5.25" x 8.75"). Signed in type "TH: JEFFERSON". This is an extremely rare message from Thomas Jefferson to Congress detailing the muskets and bayonets manufactured at Springfield and Harpers Ferry since 1795, with returns of ordnance and estimates of expenses for fortifications. A rare imprint bearing a report of the President as well as letters and reports from Secretary of War Henry Dearborn, Levi Lincoln and others. Jefferson's message, dated February 2, 1802 reads, in part: "... Besides the permanent magazines established at Springfield, West-point, and Harper's ferry, it is thought one should be established in some point convenient for the estates of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia; such a point will probably be found near the border of the Carolinas... We find the United States in possession of certain iron mines and works, in the county of Berkeley, and state of Virginia, purchased, as is presumable, on the idea of establishing works for the fabrication of cannon and other military articles, by the public. Whether this method of supplying what may be wanted will be most advisable, or that of purchasing at market, where competition brings every thing to its proper level of price and quality, is for the legislature to decide; and if the latter alternative is preferred, it will rest for their further consideration in what way the subjects of this purchase may be best employed or disposed of. The Attorney Generals opinion on the subject of the title accompanies this. There are, in various parts of the United States, small parcels of land which have been purchased, at different times, for cantonments and other military purposes. The loss of the records prevents a detailed statement of these, until they can be supplied by enquiry; in the meantime, one of them contained 88 acres, in the county of Essex, in New-Jersey, purchased in 1799, and sold the following year to Cornelius Vermule and Andrew Codmans, though its price has been received, cannot be conveyed without authority from the legislature. I inclose herewith a letter from the Secretary of War on the subject of the lands in the lakes and rivers of our Northern boundary, and of certain lands in the neighborhood of some of our military posts, on which it may be expedient for the legislature to make some provisions... " The Report includes the said "Return of ORDNANCE, ARMS &c... " noting the quantity and types of cannon, howitzers and mortars as well as ammunition and supporting equipment, as well as muskets and bayonets. Secretary of War Dearborn also reports on the costs of completing fortifications including Fort Constitution at Portsmouth, N.H., Fort Independence in Boston Harbor and Fort Mifflin in Philadelphia. An unusually detailed report providing a snapshot of the military strength of the United States at the opening of the nineteenth century. An extremely rare example of Shaw & Shoemaker 3346. We have found no sales records for this imprint in American Book Prices Current since 1975. Only five copies are known to reside in institutions, including the Library of Congress, Yale, Williams College, University of Virginia and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Margins slightly ragged and chipped, detached from a larger volume, some pages loose, one light vertical crease and very light foxing, else in fine condition.

James Madison Manuscript Letter Signed "James Madison" as President, one page, 7.5" x 9". [Washington], October 29, 1812. To Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin. In full, "In pursuance of an act of the 3rd of March 1809 entitled 'An Act further to amend the several acts for the establishment of the Treasury, War and Navy Departments,' I do hereby direct that the sum of Five hundred thousand Dollars of the funds appropriated for the pay of the Army, to be applied to that of the Clothing Department." On June 18, 1812, four months earlier, Congress acceded to President Madison's request and declared war against Great Britain. James Madison, the preeminent figure at the 1787 Constitutional Convention who played a key part in guiding it through the Continental Congress, is known as the "Father of the Constitution." A signer of the Constitution and secretary of state under Jefferson (1801-1809), he was the fourth president of the United States (1809-1817). This letter is uniformly tanned with two minute tears at the blank left edge. It is in fine condition.

James Madison and James Monroe Document Signed 10.5" x 15.75", two page (front and verso), on vellum, partially printed, with nautical engravings, January 17, 1812. Ship's papers for the Brig Logan sailing from Boston and Charlestown signed by Madison as president and Monroe as secretary of state. With the large, original paper seal. General wear and fading to the ink, else near fine.

James Madison and James Monroe Signed 1812 Ship's Passport. Partly printed Document Signed "James Madison" as President and "Jas Monroe" as Secretary of State, one page, 11.25" x 14.75". [Washington], November 25, 1812. "James" is a tad light, but "Madison" and Monroe's signature are dark. On vellum with scalloped upper edge. Nautical vignettes at top; complete, but cracked, paper seal affixed with red wax at lower left. In part, "Suffer the Ship Zephyr of New York Jedediah Olcott master or commander of the burthen of Two hundred Eighty Eight & 62/95 tons or thereabouts mounted with Six guns navigated with Twenty two men To Pass with her Company Passengers Goods and Merchandize without any hinderance seisure or molestation..." The week this document was issued, during the War of 1812, American soldiers retreated from eastern Canada (November 23) while others attacked outlying British positions at Fort Erie (November 27). Docketed on verso. Usual folds, fine condition. Documents dated during the year 1812 signed by both Madison and Monroe are especially desirable.

James Madison and James Monroe Signed Letter of Marque Commissioning the Privateer Argus, 1813 15.75" x 12.75", two page (front and verso), partially printed, December 2, 1812. Ships papers for the Brig Argus sailing as a commissioned privateer to "...subdue, seize and take any armed or unarmed British vessel, public or private, which shall be found within the jurisdictional limits of the United States or elsewhere on the high seas, or within the waters of the British dominions...". One of America's pirates in the War of 1812. Signed by Madison as president and Monroe as secretary of state. With the large, original paper seal. General wear and some tearing at the folds, else near very good.

James Madison and James Monroe Document Signed 21" x 16.75", two page (front and verso), partially printed, November 26, 1812, New York. Ships papers for the ship Zephyr signed by Madison as president and Monroe as Secretary of State. With the large, original paper seal. Staining and wear to the left side, well away from the signatures. Spotty toning, else near fine.

James Madison and James Monroe Document Signed 21" x 16.75", two page (front and verso), partially printed, March 27, 1812, New York. Ships papers for the ship Corporal Trim of Gloucester sailing from Alexandria to Cadiz signed by Madison as president and Monroe as secretary of state. With the large, original paper seal. General wear and tearing at the folds, else near very good.

James Monroe Signed Land Certificate. Partly printed DS by James Monroe (1758-1831) as Governor of Virginia, 15.5" x 12", vellum, Richmond, May 19, 1783. Rare, early Monroe signature "Jas. Monroe" on this certificate deeding "a certain Tract or Parcel of Land" to John Johnston. The official seal of the Commonwealth of Virginia is affixed at bottom left. The document is in fair-good condition with folds, creases, soiling, some staining at the top and along the folds, and some chipping at the corners.

James Monroe as Minister to Great Britain Autograph Letter Signed, "Jas. Monroe", one page with verso address panel, 7.25" x 9", London, February 20, 1804, to William Lee, U. S. Consul at Bordeaux, France. At a time when American seamen were being impressed by the Royal Navy and Napoleon was running amok through Europe, young America's next president is here pulling strings to get his hands on some fine French wine. Monroe writes in part, "...You know the kinds of wine wh will suit me from yr quarter, wh with the other articles heretofore mentioned, I shall thank you to forward by first safe conveyance..." Very fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

James Monroe as Secretary of State Document Signed, "Jas. Monroe", one page, 7.75" x 9.75", likely Washington, D.C., November 7, 1812. A fascinating War of 1812 printed circular titled "Additional Instruction to the Public and Private Armed Vessels of the United States". It reads: "The public and private armed vessels of the United States are not to interrupt any British unarmed vessels bound to Sable Island, and laden with supplies for the humane establishment at that place. By Command of the President of the United States." Monroe's signature is boldly placed next to his pre-printed title of office. Light aging, else very fine condition.
In 1801 Great Britain placed a rescue station on remote Sable Island, which lies in the Atlantic far to the southeast of Nova Scotia. Hindering the good works of such an "establishment" would have run counter to the best interests of all mariners in those icy waters. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

War of 1812 Soldier's Land Grant Signed by President James Monroe, one page, 13.5" x 9.75", Washington, D.C., April 2, 1818, countersigned by Joshua Meigs, Commissioner of the General Land Office. This partially printed vellum document grants three hundred and twenty acres in Illinois to former private Statham Hinkley of the 11th Infantry Regiment. Illustrated with an engraving showing a uniformed soldier receiving a grant from Columbia. Very bold Monroe signature. Overall staining does not detract from the appearance as the document remains attractive and suitable for display. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

James Monroe as Secretary of State Letter Signed, one page, 7.75" x 9.5", Washington, D.C., May 7, 1812, to General John Steele, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The future president writes: "As we are waiting for the Returns of Captured vessels from the Insurance offices of Philadelphia recently sent back to you, I must ask the favor of you to forward them to this Dept - even if it has been found impracticable to add the names of the captains as desired." Light toning, one small split on fold. Very good condition.
An excellent early War of 1812 letter touching upon the maritime issues that in large part fueled the conflict. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

John Quincy Adams Signed Eulogy of James Monroe. "An Eulogy: on the Life and Character of James Monroe, Fifth President of the United States, Delivered at the Request of the Corporation of the City of Boston, on the 25th of August, 1831 by John Quincy Adams." 100 pages, 5" x 8.5". Blue wrappers. Inscribed on the half-title to "Dr. James Mease/With the Respects of/J. Q. Adams." Boston. J. H. Eastburn, City Printer. The 6th President of the United States eulogizes the 5th President under whom he served as Secretary of State for eight years. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

John Quincy Adams Autograph Letter Signed to War of 1812 Hero Arthur P. Hayne Good association ALS "John Quincy Adams", one page, 8" x 10", Washington, Nov. 19, 1847. He thanks Hayne for "your sketch of your life and military services which I have read with great interest and shall preserve as a precious memorial of the Patriotism of past but not to be forgotten days." Hayne had served during the War of 1812 as a first lieutenant, major, and inspector general. His gallantry at the Battle of New Orleans earned him the rank of brevet lieutenant colonel. The letter has the usual mail folds, and uneven toning, somewhat darker at top fold and left margin. Ink has faded a bit but remains very legible; overall condition is good.

John Quincy Adams Autograph Letter Signed, "J. Q. Adams", one page with verso address panel, 8" x 10", Washington, D.C., November 2, 1824, to Joseph E. Sprague, Salem, Massachusetts. The letter reads in part: "...My views not of principle, but of the application have varied since I had the pleasure of seeing you, in consequence of changes in the aspect of public affairs. I believe that the preference which on exclusively public considerations I expressed to you, has prejudice so strong to encounter that it cannot be pressed with any prospect of success. I wish therefore to consider all objection to the course recommended in the Letter to be so far as it has reference to my opinions heretofore expressed withdrawn and I wish our friends in Massachusetts to act and vote as they themselves shall under all circumstances think most conducive to the Public Welfare..."Slightly uneven lower edge. Light toning, very good condition.
Exciting political content from the 1824 presidential election as written by the victor of that four-way race. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

John Quincy Adams Autograph Letter Signed in full. One page, 7.75" x 9.75", [Washington], December 3, 1838, to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States to inform them of the deposit of General Lafayette's memoirs at the Library of Congress. Adams writes: "...In compliance with the request of Mr. George Washing La Fayette, and of the respected family of our late illustrious and ever venerated friend, General La Fayette, I have the honour of presenting the congress in their name, a copy of the memoirs and writings of their honoured parent, recently published by them, to be deposited in the Library of Congress." A wonderful association piece. Light folds, else fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

John Quincy Adams Autograph Letter Signed "John Quincy Adams". Two pages, 7.75" x 10", Washington, March, 24, 1824 to the Bank of Metropolis, recording a disagreement with the bank which protested a note he deposited with the bank. Adams writes, in part: "You are aware, Gentlemen, that the note having been drawn by a married woman, is merely void - That I could recover nothing on it from her, were I to pay it to you: and that I never received anything for it from you...I wish to have no question with you relating to it..." That year, in a tight election which necessitated a decision from the House of Representatives, Adams was elected president. Silked on recto and verso, light folds, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

John Quincy Adams Letter Signed with a holograph postscript, to Attorney General Caesar A. Rodney, one page, 7.75" x 9.75", Washington, Oct. 3, 1822, responding to a recommendation for a consular appointment in Acapulco. He writes: "...I am not certain whether I mentioned to you that the consular appointments to the new Governments will be deferred till the meeting of Congress." He adds in his hand: "P.S. The books you had the goodness to lend me shall be returned." Rodney, is of course, a nephew of Signer of the Declaration Caesar Rodney. The letter has been archivally reinforced with Japanese silk; with even toning and bold ink. In very good to near fine condition.

John Quincy Adams Signed 1837 Independence Day Speech. "An Oration Delivered Before the Inhabitants of the Town of Newburyport, at Their Request, on the Sixty-First Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, July 4th, 1837, by John Quincy Adams," 68 pages, 5" x 8", lightly foxed. Blue wrappers. The front wrapper had originally detached, and has been trimmed and tipped to the title page. The front wrapper is titled "Oration at Newburyport,/by/Hon. John Quincy Adams," and is inscribed "Mrs. Dexter/from/John Quincy Adams." Wrinkled at left, not near handwriting. Printed by Morss and Brewster, Newburyport Herald Office. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

John Quincy Adams As President Partially Printed Document Signed, "J. Q. Adams, one page on vellum, 14" x 9", Washington, D.C., December 1, 1825. This certificate entitles a William Parkison 160 acres in Edwardsville, Illinois. Countersigned by Commissioner of the General Land Office George Graham. Paper seal torn, light browning. Very good condition.

Louisa Catherine Adams Political Content Autograph Letter Signed in full. 3¼ pages, 4.5" x 7", plain foldover lettersheet, Quincy [MA], September 16, 1848, to Mary. Just a few months after the death of her husband, John Quincy Adams, Louisa writes a wonderful letter defending his beliefs and his name. It reads, in part, "...My health is very poor since the cold weather has set in... and I am very much worried at the total perversion of Mr. Adams' opinions by honorable Members of Congress for electioneering purposes; as every one I knew that he could not have declared for Genl [Zachary] Taylor; as Mr. [Henry] Clay was the prominent Candidate of the Whigs when he died. It would be of no importance did these gentlemen not make these assertions, to injure my only Child, and they use it shamefully and disgracefully: knowing it not to be true. It is insulting the sacred Corps[e] of him who God himself forced them to respect in the cold Majesty of death; in whose presence all were forced by the Almighty; to acknowledge his worth and to consecrate with every testimony of honor his purity and his truth. You have always taken such an interest in him and were always so kindly treated by him; will do him justice wherever you have an opportunity to defend him; and I exact it of you as a mark of affection for his memory. He detested the idea of a Military President as much as he detested the Mexican War; and the domination of the South... Present me kindly to Mrs. Madison..." (emphasis hers). This letter was almost certainly written to Mary Allen, the niece of Dolley Madison and the daughter of Congressman John G. Jackson. Mrs. Adams must have been very saddened when Zachary Taylor was elected president based on his war heroics in the Mexican-American War just two months after the penning of this letter. Minor toning on the blank portion of the last leaf, else fine.

Andrew Jackson Letter Signed in full as President. Three pages, 7.5" x 12.5", Washington, May 19, 1830, to Major Francis Smith Jackson's. A retained copy of a letter of apology on behalf of Andrew Jackson's adopted son, Andrew Jackson Donelson (a.k.a. Andrew Jackson, Jr.), informing Major Smith that Jackson Jr. was courting his daughter. Jackson's foremost biographer, Robert Remini, noted that Jackson's adopted son, a reckless, gullible and impulsive young man, "was constantly falling in love and then wanting to marry the girl, irrespective of her social and financial standing." (Remini, The Life of Andrew Jackson, p. 220.) In this case, the girl was the daughter of an officer -- certainly making her a proper social match. However, the impulsive Andrew Jr. had completely circumvented all formalities in betrothing himself to his latest love, and thus a mortified President sent his son back to apologize to Major Smith for the indiscretion. Jackson opened, noting: "This will be handed to you by my son, by whom I take occasion to tender to you my thanks for your kind attention to him on his late tour. I am fearful he has committed an error. If he has, I trust, you will ascribe it to this youth, diffidence and inexperience, and allow him to make atonement for it- for which purpose I send him to you. He has made known to me, since his return, the attachment he has formed for your amiable daughter, which he informs me has been expressed to her and if not reciprocated, has at least won her favorable opinion. He has erred in attempting to address your daughter without first making known to you and your lady his honorable intentions, and obtaining your approbation but he has been admonished of this impropriety, and he now waits upon you to confess it. I find his affections are fixed upon her, and if they are reciprocated with your approbation, that he looks upon the step which would follow their sanction as the greatest assurance of his happiness..." His own happiness had "almost vanished" since the loss of his wife in 1828, "except that which flows from his prosperity." Jackson then reassured the major that his son "has been reared in the paths of virtue and morality by his pious and amiable Mother, and I believe has walked steadily in them; is the only hope by which I look to the continuation of my name; and has a fortune ample enough with prudence and economy, and more than enough without them. With these prospects he presents himself again to your daughter. If you have any objections I am sure you will with frankness communicate them to him when he will withdraw from any further suit and desire only to be ranked with your and her friend. I mistake your character if in thus approaching you either he or myself run the least hazard in being misunderstood - It has been a rule with me thro life not to permit the forms of ceremony to prevent a free expression of my feelings on a subject which touches those of others. I will soon be left alone as Mjr. A. J. Donelson and family are preparing to go to Tennessee upon a visit to His disconsolate Mother. In His absence I cannot bear to be separated long from my son. Should his anticipations not be disappointed any arrangements for their completions will be at your pleasure, and on his return to me he will be prepared to meet them..." In the end, Andrew Jackson, Jr. did not wed the major's daughter. However, within a year and a half, he would marry Sarah Yorke, the daughter of a wealthy Philadelphia merchant. Ironically, despite the President's assurances as to his son's financial standing, Andrew Jackson Jr., proved to be a terrible businessman and the target of numerous scams and frauds at his expense. He managed to completely dissipate his father's estate within only a few years of the President's death in 1845. An impressive letter revealing important insights into Jackson's sense of honor and propriety and his feelings toward his son's reckless behavior. Provenance: Forest H. Sweet, 1953. Usual folds, some minor marginal tears at left, early catalog description tipped to verso, else very good condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Andrew Jackson Autograph Endorsement Signed, "A.J." on the address panel of a letter to him, an Autograph Letter Signed of Stockly Donelson, nine pages 8.5" x 11.75", (no place, [Tennessee]), March 5, 1839. Donelson, one of Jackson's neighbors, writes a letter that Jackson details on the address panel as being "abusive." Donelson viciously attacks Old Hickory over an incident in which one of Jackson's slaves murdered a man owned by Donelson. Jackson's neighbor accused the former president of framing an innocent slave in order to shield his own slaves from criminal prosecution. The nine page missive, endorsed on the address panel by Jackson: "Stockly Donelson's abusive letter to be kept on file, A.J." is an angry attack on Jackson's character and reads, briefly: "...your powers of epistolary writing seem to be quite extensive of late, whether it is the result of a disturbed conscience or otherwise I shall not stop to conjecture but as they have particularly aimed at myself I will again try and answer them..." Donelson saw Jackson's letters as "a wanton attack on my feelings and from what I had heard of your expressions...I could not view it in any other light than the ebullition your vindictive and unjust feelings toward me - showing in bold relief that remarkable trait in human character...that the man who inflicts an injury upon his fellow man, is always the most inveterate and most anxious to heap still further injustices upon the object of his hatred...I went over to see you on Sunday before I proceeded against them [Jackson's slaves]. Your reception of me, your language, Views, and expressions were so far from what I had a right to expect of a neighbor when I laid before you the daring and outrageous murder that had been perpetrated on the body of my servant by yours, that no alternative was left me - particularly after you bantering manner and invitation to an investigation before the tribunals of the country...I cannot believe you were the projector of the unjust attempt to fix the murder upon an innocent man who was merely attempting peaceably to save the life of his fellow servant from the attack of cold blooded Murderers from justice. But you say 'my Jake' was 'one' of the guilty fellows' who were the others. A jury of the country have said it was not your Jake, nor squire, nor Alfred. Who then were the balance. Let us have it out - It will come! The old saying that murder will out has not been often falsified - My opinion always has been that George was most guilty I am in favor of having him and my Jake tried at the next term. George it was who commenced the attack and instigated the murder and my opinion always has been that he is the man that should suffer..." Donelson then appears to digress into another dispute over the closure of a public road that ran through Jackson's property, threatening an investigation "into the fact as to what right you have to close up a mill road and throw the citizens of the bend through your gates - if you have a right to do all this - then we will petition to be exempted from taxation military duty &c..." Apparently these issues were related, Donelson wrote further that he heard "Mr. Dismukes Boy had been castigated for passing perhaps the wrong gate...To inflict injury upon the master a servant upon some pretext..." The letter continues on in a similarly aggressive and often manic tone, jumping between the issue of the road and violence between slaves belonging to Jackson and Donelson. An incredible piece of history documenting the hostile relationship between the former president and some of his neighbors and likely relations by marriage. Jackson was well known for his extreme temper and he was no stranger to dueling. Even at age seventy-two, in declining health; he had not lost his appetite for conflict. Provenance: Forrest H. Sweet, 1953. Usual folds, small loss to address panel from seal tear, else very good condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Andrew Jackson As President Document Signed, countersigned by Elijah Haywood, Commissioner of the General Land Office, two pages with docketing on the second, vellum, 11.5" x 14", Washington, D.C., November 1, 1835. Here 1,000 acres in Ohio are granted in consideration of the military services rendered by Virginians Francis Taylor, Shadrack Pierson and Holloway Bunting during the Revolutionary War. The highlight of this document is the characteristically large Jackson signature it carries. Browning along folds, some fading. Overall very good condition.

Andrew Jackson Franking Signature on the address sheet of an ALS by Sarah Yorke Jackson, 3 pages, 7.75" x 9.75", Washington, D.C., February 16, 1837. The daughter-in-law of Seventh President Andrew Jackson, Sarah Yorke Jackson (1803-1887) served as unofficial First Lady of the United States from November 26, 1834, until March 4, 1837. (Jackson's wife, Rachel, died two weeks after his election to the Presidency in 1828.) In this letter, mailed to her sister, Emma Donelson of Philadelphia, just two weeks before the end of Jackson's second term, she refers to her sibling's ill health and her desire "to alleviate your stress in any way that may lay in my power." The letter, signed "Sarah", is in good condition with several folds, stains, tears and small holes (though they do not affect the legibility of the text). Some cellophane tape was used to repair some tears to the verso (envelope side), which includes the mailing address of Emma Donelson and the remnants of the original wax seal.

Andrew Jackson Clipped Signature, 5.25" x 1". Typically huge Old Hickory autograph clipped from a larger document. Very fine condition. Accompanied by a 7-cent postage stamp carrying Jackson's bust.

Martin Van Buren Military Commission Document Signed "M Van Buren". One page, 12.75" x 15.75" (sight size), on vellum, partly printed, Washington, February 20, 1840. An appointment of Benjamin H. Arthur "Second Lieutenant in the First Regiment of Infantry". Signed at the conclusion of the text by Van Buren as president and Joel R. Poinsett as secretary of war with docketing at the upper left. Fine condition with the white paper wafer seal intact and not affected by the original folds. Elaborately and tastefully triple matted and framed to an overall size of 21.5" x 24.5".

Martin Van Buren Autograph Letter Signed, "M Van Buren", one page, 8" x 9.25", n.p., n.d., unknown recipient. The letter reads, "If I go to your house to breakfast I will be out at the only time when such friends as desired to call on me will have an opportunity to do so. I must therefore ask the favor to change the engagement into one for dinner." Old paper clip stain on top margin, small split along fold at lower margin, otherwise near fine condition. Large, bold presidential signature. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

William Henry Harrison and Daniel Webster Signed Document. Rare 2.5" x 7.5" section trimmed from a larger document including the signatures of President William Henry Harrison (1773-1841) and Secretary of State Daniel Webster (1782-1852). Though Harrison's presidency lasted only one month, Vice President John Tyler retained Webster as Secretary of State after being sworn in as Tenth U.S. President on April 4, 1841. After resigning from the cabinet in 1843 and returning to the U.S. Senate, Webster filled the State Department post a second time during the 1850-53 administration of Millard Fillmore. However, his tenure was cut short by a violent fall from a horse on October 24, 1852, when he died from a brain hemorrhage. The document, signed "W. H. Harrison" and "Daniel Webster", mounted to another sheet, is in good condition with minor soiling and acidification.

William Henry Harrison Document Signed, "W. H. Harrison A.D.C." One page, 7.75" x 2.5", [Greenville, Northwest Territory, present-day Ohio], March 3, 1795. The future war-hero and president, was at this time a promising aide-de-camp to Anthony Wanye who had recently defeated the Delaware, Shawnee, Chippewa and others at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, authorizes a "Provision return for Six Spies two two [sic] days commenceing [sic] the 3d and ending fourth of March 95 Inclusive this contractor will issue Eighteen compleat [sic] rations on the above return at G[reen] Ville." Irregular margins, light toning, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

William H. Harrison Autograph Document Signed "Wm. H. Harrison/a d c," one page, 7.5" x 2.5". Greeneville, August 10, 1795. In full, to the Commissary, "For the Delawares one hundred & sixty five pounds of beef & flour - & one Hundred and Ten Gills of Whiskey." In 1794, General "Mad Anthony" Wayne and his army, including his 20-year-old aide-de-camp William H. Harrison, were victorious against a confederacy of Indian tribes in the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The resulting Treaty of Greenville was signed at Fort Greenville on August 3, 1795, just one week before this document was handwritten and signed. Officially, it was "A Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and the Tribes of Indians called the called the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanoes, Ottawas, Chipewas, Putawatimes, Miamis, Eel-river, Weeas, Kickapoos, Piankashaws, and Kaskaskias." By the treaty, the United States agreed to deliver to the tribes upon signing "a quantity of goods to the value of twenty thousand dollars...and henceforward every year forever...like useful goods, suited to the circumstances of the Indians of the value of nine thousand five hundred dollars...To the Delawares, the amount of one thousand dollars..." This document represents one of the first deliveries to an Indian tribe, party to the treaty, of useful goods, i.e. beef, flour, and whiskey. Very fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

William H. Harrison Autograph Note Signed, "Wm. H. Harrison A.D.C". One page, 8.25" x 4", [n.p.], June 21st, 1794. This is a return receipt for whiskey "for the Barge Cruse for 2 Days..." Very good condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

William H. Harrison Manuscript Document Signed "Wm. H. Harrison/A.d.C," one page, 5.75" x 3.75". Greenvill[e], July 7, 1794. In full, "Return for Whiskey for the Barge Crew for 2 Days Commencing the 7th and Eanden the 8th of July Enclusive" for six Men and one Woman, for two days for a total of 14 Rations. Harrison has signed beneath his order to the Quarter Master to "Issue forteen Rations of Whiskey on the above return." Receipt on verso for "seven gills of Whiskey." Note: four gills = one pint. Harrison became Aide-de-Camp to General "Mad Anthony" Wayne in 1793 and fought in the Indian wars. On August 20, 1794, just six weeks after he signed this order, 20-year-old William Henry Harrison fought under Gen. Wayne in the historic Battle of Fallen Timbers against a confederacy of Indian tribes. The U.S. Army was victorious and Wayne negotiated the 1795 Treaty of Greenville by which the United States secured control of the Northwest Territory. He also cited Harrison for bravery. Pencil notes in lower blank area. Lightly soiled. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Rare First Lady Anna Harrison Autograph Letter Signed, two pages, 8.25" x 10.75", North Bend, Ohio, November 18, 1848, to Phebe Reeves, Long Island, New York. Health issues, family news and religion dominate this letter. An interesting aside mentions son Pike Harrison's absence given the recent war with Mexico. Anna Harrison (1775 - 1864), wife of President William Henry Harrison, was a tragic figure in that she was preparing for the journey to Washington when news of her husband's untimely death reached her. Very fine condition.

James K. Polk and James Buchanan Signed Document Appointing Franklin Pierce U.S. Attorney. Partly printed Document Signed "James K. Polk" as President and "James Buchanan" as Secretary of State, one page, 16.5" x 14.5", on vellum. Washington, February 3, 1846. In part, "Know ye, that, reposing special trust & confidence in the Integrity, Ability & Learning of Franklin Pierce I have nominated and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, do appoint him Attorney of the United States in & for the District of New Hampshire..." Pierce had previously declined the Democratic nomination for Governor of New Hampshire and, in November 1845, an appointment to the seat in the U. S. Senate made vacant by the resignation of Levi Woodbury who had been appointed to the Supreme Court. On December 29, 1845, President Polk sent to the U.S. Senate a list of nominations of "persons herein named for the offices to which they have been appointed during the last recess of the Senate...Franklin Pierce to be attorney of the United States for the district of New Hampshire, in the place of Joel Eastman, removed." On February 3, 1846, the day Polk and Buchanan signed this document, the Senate consented to Pierce's appointment. Eight months later, Pierce declined Polk's offer to appoint him Attorney General. The document is clean and attractive with usual folds and a perfectly embossed 2"-diameter seal of the United States affixed at the lower left with red wax. Documents signed by two U.S. Presidents are highly desirable. Those appointing a future U.S. President to a federal office, thereby linking three presidents, are virtually non-existent. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

James Knox Polk Autograph Letter Signed, "James K. Polk", 2 1/2 pages with free-franked address panel on verso, 8" x 10", Washington, D.C., January 27, 1832, to John Turney, Galena, Illinois. The letter reads in part: "...Genl. Jackson's administration has been iminently [sic] successful...Though opposed by a violent, well organized and vindictive opposition who spare no pains to thwart his measures , and thereby destroy his usefulness hesitation in believing that his re-election is beyond the possibility of a doubt. In the crises of our affairs, which is just at hs to the country, I have yet no doubt that his administration must in the main continue to be successful, and I have no and, I regard it as fortunate for the country that we have at the helm of affairs a man in whose patriotism firmness and unbending integrity the honest men of all parties have confidence...". A few small splits and old repairs. Good condition.
The recipient, an attorney and friend of the future president, is here treated to Polk's rapturous gushing over Old Hickory. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

James K. Polk and James Buchanan Document Signed 13.5" x 15", one page, on vellum, partially printed, with nautical engravings, n.d., n.p.. Unused ship's papers signed by Polk as president and Buchanan as secretary of state. With the large, original paper seal. Slight fading to the ink, else fine.

Zachary Taylor Clipped Signature, "Very Respectfully Sir Your obt Servt Z. Taylor, Major Genl U.S. Army", 5" x 3", from a larger document. Smoothed folds, very fine condition. Accompanied by a 12-cent postage stamp bearing a likeness of the 12th president.

Millard Fillmore Autograph Letter Signed "Millard Fillmore" as President. Two pages, 8" x 10", Washington, March 24, 1852, responds to an autograph request from James Morton. Light uneven toning, else fine. A fun example of an ALS as President... particularly for the collector of such items! Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Millard Fillmore Partly Printed Document Signed "Millard Fillmore," one page, 8.25" x 10.25". Washington, October 3, 1850. Three months after succeeding to the presidency following the death of Zachary Taylor, President Fillmore authorizes and directs Secretary of State Daniel Webster "to affix the Seal of the United States to the remission of the remaining portion of the term of imprisonment" of Jacob Rowles who had been convicted of petit larceny." Folds. Dark toning at left edge, minor chipping at left edge at horizontal folds. Dark presidential signature. With sepia book portrait of Fillmore, 4" x 5.75" image, overall 5.75" x 8.5".

Millard Fillmore Autograph Letter Signed "Millard Fillmore" as congressman. One page, 8.25" x 10.25", Washington, December 7, 1837 to L.F. Allen urging an appointment for a Mr. Cadwallader. He writes, in part: "Our friend, Mr. Cadawallader, ought to be clerk of the assembly. He has worked hard... and had nothing. I doubt whether a man can be found more competent or deserving...I have not always thought him very friendly to me, but I attribute that to his associations, and impute nothing to him..." Light creases, else very fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Millard Fillmore Twice Signed Report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office for the Year 1865. (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1865), first edition, 168 pages, with 15 of 16 large fold out maps bound at back, signed "Millard Fillmore Dec. 10, 1866" on the front pastedown and signed identically on the title page, half leather binding with brown cloth boards, six compartments between five raised spine bands, gilt titles, 8vo (6" x 9.25"), bumped and rubbed corners, scuffing at the edges of the boards and spine, shelf wear, contents toned, missing one fold out map, else good condition.

Franklin Pierce Autograph Letter Signed, "Frank. Pierce", two pages, 7.5" x 9.75", Concord, New Hampshire, November 15, 1848, to Francis M. Dimond. The letter reads in small part: "...I though on my return from Mexico that both the President and Secty. Of War had a very full appreciation of the value of your services at Vera Cruz. I can hardly believe that your invaluable services , rendered under such peril are to be underrated...". Old archival repair along central fold with small area of marginal loss along one edge. Fine condition.
The affable Pierce served in the Mexican-American War, rising to become a brigadier general. His success on the field would be remembered when he successfully ran for president some four years after the war. The recipient of this letter would go on to serve as Rhode Island's governor under Pierce's administration. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Franklin Pierce Autograph Letter Signed, one page, 5" x 7.5", n.p., n.d., to Robert M. McClelland. It reads: "You will oblige me particularly by calling at my office this evening at 7 1/2 o'clock." Very fine condition.
The commanding tone of this missive would likely date it to Pierce's presidency. Robert McClelland of Michigan served as the Secretary of the Interior beginning in 1853. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Franklin Pierce Autograph Letter Signed, one page, 7.75" x 10", Boston, Massachusetts, June 4, 1857, to James Campbell, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter reads, "Mrs. Pierce I regret to say has not improved essentially since we left Philadelphia but seems to be brighter within two or three days. Do let us know how Mrs. Campbell is. Have your heard from Mr. Dobbin since we parted?" Excellent condition with accompanying Johnson & Fry engraving of Pierce.
Written shortly after Pierce turned the reigns of government over to James Buchanan. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

James Buchanan: Autograph Letter Signed "James Buchanan". One page, 8" x 10", March 23, 1850, Wheatland, to Hon. Edmund Burke, marked "confidential". In full: "My dear Sir, I desire to recall to your memory a fact which seemed to have escaped the recollection of every person. I mean the letter addressed by Col. Benton & carried by Col. Fremont to the people of California. To counteract the effect of this letter was one of the strongest reasons why my letter to Mr. Voorhies of the 7th October 1848 was written. I am very desirous to obtain a copy of Col. Benton's letter for my own archives. It was published in the New York Herald a short time before the date of my letter. I do not think I ever saw it in any other paper. Could you please procure a copy of it for me? I shall of course pay for the copying. I do not wish to be the instrument of making it public, nor do I desire its publication at the present moment. I am very far from entertaining any unkind feelings towards Col. Benton, and wish the copy merely for my own satisfaction. It is a remarkable fact, however, that whilst Southern members of Congress are barely engaged in discourse, the persons who incited the people of California to form a government independent of the agency of Congress, this important letter should have been entirely overlooked".

The California gold rush in 1848 intensified questions about slavery in the new territory. President Taylor believed statehood could become a solution to the issue of slavery in the territories. Admission of California would tip the balance of power in the senate in favor of free states. In 1849, Californians sought statehood and, after heated debate in the U.S. Congress arising out of the slavery issue, California entered the Union as a free, nonslavery state by the Compromise of 1850. In January 1850, two months prior to Buchanan writing this letter, Henry Clay presented a bill to congress with five provisions for California's statehood. Honorable Edmond Burke, a lawyer who was appointed commissioner of patents in 1846 by President Polk, a position he held until 1850. Original mailing folds present, else fine. A highly important James Buchanan ALS about the California question and regarding future presidential candidate John C. Fremont, and Col. Benton.

James Buchanan Franked Address Leaf bound in an 1841 pro-Van Buren Speech. Speech/of/Mr. Buchanan of Pennsylvania,/in/Defence of the Administration of Mr. Van Buren/against/The Charge of Extravagance in Expending/the/Public Money, 14 pages, 5.5" x 8.5". Board covers, green spine. The address leaf is franked "Free/James Buchanan" and is addressed by him to "William Kintzing Esq/Philadelphia." It is inserted in front of the title page. Buchanan's speech was delivered in the U.S. Senate on January 22, 1841. The pages are lightly foxed. In 1840, Whig William Henry Harrison had been elected President, defeating the incumbent, Democrat Martin Van Buren, and would take office six weeks later. In part, "Mr. Buchanan rose to answer each of the four specific charges of extravagance which had been made by the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. Crittenden] against the present Administration. The Senator had called upon him personally to make this answer; and he undertook the talk with pleasure, not believing it to be one of much difficulty...And in the first place, said Mr. B, permit me to observe, that I, at least, have never introduced into this Senate, as topics of debate, 'log cabins, hard cider, and coon skins;' nor have I ever made an observation here which could be tortured into a reflection upon either the integrity or intelligence of the people of the United States for having elected General Harrison their President..." In the 1840 presidential campaign, Democrats had referred to Harrison as an old man sitting in his cabin, wearing a coon skin cap, drinking hard cider. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

James Buchanan Autograph Letter Signed as Senator. One page, 7.5" x 9.5", Washington, June 18, 1840 to Joel Roberts Poinsett, Secretary of War, on behalf of Mr. Chas Sheaff, requesting the military discharge of his son George W. Sheaff. He writes, in part: "This will be delivered...for the purpose of obtaining the discharge of...George W. Sheaff who has enlisted...in a state of Mental derangement to which he has been...since he has been 18 years of age. The testimony on this subject is so clear as to leave no doubt." Usual folds, else fine. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

James Buchanan Autograph Letter Signed. Two pages, 7.75" x 9.87", Wheatland, April 10, 1850, to New Hampshire representative Edmund Burke concerning Democratic Party politics. He writes, in part: "...Might I say confidentially to any of them, that such is the condition of the Union that you will be obliged to withdraw from it on the first of June unless it can obtain some Congressional patronage? This I would consider a serious calamity for the party; unless they, Dem. Members, will support the Democratic organ at Washington, they do not deserve to be supported themselves..." Usual folds, else very fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

James Buchanan as Secretary of State Document Signed, one page, 11" x 15.25", Washington, D.C., July 2, 1845. Partially printed passport for Benjamin A. Gould. Nice bold signature of the future 15th U.S. President. Some light acid transfer, else fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Abraham Lincoln Historic Autograph Letter, two pages, 7.75" x 9.75", separate conjoined sheets. Executive Mansion, Washington, D.C., May 17, 1864. To the Secretary of War (Edwin M. Stanton).

On July 30, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation stating that "It is the duty of every Government to give protection to its citizens, of whatever class, color, or condition, and especially to those who are duly organized as soldiers in the public service...The Government of the United States will give the same protection to all its soldiers; and if the enemy shall sell or enslave any one because of his color, the offence be punished by retaliation upon the enemy's prisoners in our possession. It is therefore ordered that for every soldier of the United States killed in violation of the laws of war, a rebel soldier shall be executed; and for every one enslaved by the enemy or sold into slavery, a rebel soldier shall be placed at hard labor on the public works, and continued at such labor until the other shall be released and receive the treatment due to a prisoner of war."

On April 12, 1864, Confederate Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest attacked Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River, about 40 miles above Memphis, Tennessee. The Union garrison at the Confederate-built earthen fortification comprised 295 white Tennessee troops and 262 Colored Troops, all under the command of Major Lionel F. Booth. A cavalry division of approximately 2,500 Confederate soldiers surrounded Booth's force. Rebel sharpshooters on the surrounding knolls began firing into the fort. Booth was killed and Major William F. Bradford took command of the garrison. The Confederates then occupied strategic locations around the fort and Forrest demanded unconditional surrender. Bradford refused and the Confederate troops renewed their attack, overran the fort, and drove the Federal troops down the river's bluff. Union casualties were high. The April 16, 1864 edition of The New York Times reported what occurred after the rebels "came in swarms over our troops, compelling them to surrender. Immediately upon the surrender ensued a scene which utterly baffles description. Up to that time, comparatively few of our men had been killed; but, insatiate as fiends, bloodthirsty as devils incarnate, the Confederates commenced an indiscriminate butchery of the whites and blacks, including those of both colors who had been previously wounded...Both white and black were bayoneted, shot or sabred; even dead bodies were horribly mutilated, and children of seven and eight years and several negro women killed in cold blood. Soldiers unable to speak from wounds were shot dead, and their bodies rolled down the banks into the river. The dead and wounded negroes were piled in heaps and burned, and several citizens who had joined our forces for protection were killed or wounded. Out of the garrison of six hundred, only two hundred remained alive...Two negro soldiers, wounded at Fort Pillow, were buried by the rebels but afterward worked themselves out of their graves..."

Two days later, on April 18, 1864, at the Sanitary Commission Fair in Baltimore, President Lincoln said the following: "A painful rumor, true I fear, has reached us of the massacre by the rebel forces at Fort Pillow in the west end of Tennessee on the Mississippi River of some 300 colored soldiers and white officers who had just been overpowered by their assailants. There seems to be some anxiety in the public mind whether the government is doing its duty to the colored soldier, and to the service at this point. At the beginning of the war, and for some time, the use of colored troops was not contemplated; and how the change of purpose was wrought, I will not now take time to explain. Upon a clear conviction of duty I resolved to turn that element of strength to account; and I am responsible for it to the American people, to the Christian world, to history, and on my final account to God. Having determined to use the negro as a soldier, there is no way but to give him all the protection given to any other soldier...We do not today know that a colored soldier, or white officer commanding colored troops, has been massacred by the rebels when made a prisoner. We fear it, believe it, I may say, but we do not know it. To take the life of one of their prisoners, on the assumption that they murder ours, when it is short of certainty that they do murder ours, might be too serious, too cruel a mistake. We are having the Fort Pillow affair thoroughly investigated...If there has been the massacre of 300 there, or even the tenth part of 300, it will be conclusively proved; and being so proved, the retribution shall as surely come. It will be a matter of grave consideration in what exact course to apply the retribution; but in the suppose case, it must come."

The April 30, 1864 issue of Harper's Weekly, the most widely circulated magazine in America, reported the massacre at Fort Pillow, repeating verbatim the April 16th Times description, with a full-page illustration graphically detailing the alleged massacre. In part, "We give on page 284 a sketch of the horrible Massacre at Fort Pillow. The annals of savage warfare nowhere record a more inhuman, fiendish butchery than this, perpetrated by the representatives of the 'superior civilization' of the States in rebellion." Frank Leslie's Illustrated Weekly carried a similar report and illustration depicting rebel soldiers bayoneting, shooting, and beating fallen Union soldiers, most of them colored troops. No doubt President Lincoln read of the massacre in these periodicals as well as the newspapers. On May 3, 1864, he wrote Secretary of State Seward, "Please invite all members of the Cabinet to be present at the meeting today." Dated the same day were letters to each cabinet member, with identical content, stating that "It is now certain that a large number of our colored soldiers, with their white officers, were, by the rebel force, massacred after they had surrendered, at the recent capture of Fort Pillow. So much is known, though the evidence is not yet quite ready to be laid before me. Meanwhile I will thank you to prepare, and give me in writing your opinion as to what course in your judgment the government should take in this case." Replies from his seven cabinet members were dated May 4th to 6th and varied in length from three to eight pages. Secretary of State William Seward advised the President "that the General commanding the United States forces be instructed to state to the commanding General of the insurgents the following points: - That this Government has learned that a number of United States colored soldiers with their white officers were massacred at the siege of Fort Pillow by the captors of the Fort. That this Government has seen no evidence which authorizes it to believe that the insurgents disavow those massacres" and "that insurgent prisoners of war now in military custody equal in number and corresponding in rank to the number of United States soldiers and officers who were massacred at Fort Pillow after having surrendered as prisoners of war, be immediately set apart and held in rigorous confinement, and that notice be given to the commanding General of the insurgents that the disposition which shall ultimately be made of the prisoners so confined will depend upon the answers which shall be given by him to the (charges)." Secretary of War Edwin Stanton opined "That of the rebel officers now held as prisoners by the United States, there should be selected by lot a number equal to the number of persons ascertained to have been massacred at Fort Pillow, who should be immediately placed in close confinement as hostages, to await such further action as may be determined...That the rebel authorities at Richmond be notified that the prisoners so selected, are held as hostages, for the delivery up of Generals [Nathan Bedford] Forrest and [James R.] Chalmers and those concerned in the massacre at Fort Pillow, or to answer in their stead, and that in case of their non delivery within a reasonable time, to be specified in the notice, such measures will be taken in reference to the hostages by way of retributory punishment for the massacre at Fort Pillow, as are justified by the laws of civilized warfare." The view of Secretary of the Treasury Salmon Chase was that "among the rebel prisoners of highest rank, now held by the United States, there should be taken a number, equivalent, according to the rules of exchange, to the number of officers & men murdered at Fort Pillow & that notice of the selection should be given by the Lieutenant General to the General Commanding the rebel armies, accompanied by a demand for information whether the Fort Pillow murders are sanctioned by the rebel authorities. Should an affirmative answer be returned or should it become otherwise manifest that those atrocities will not be disavowed but repeated, then the pledge given by the order of July 30, 1863 should be promptly and decisively redeemed." Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles suggested "1. That the rebel authorities be called upon to avow or disavow the policy of killing the negro soldiers in the Union army after they shall have surrendered. 2. That they be required to bring to punishment the officers in command of the rebel forces at Fort Pillow at the time of the massacre. 3. In the event of refusal to punish the officer who was in command or a disavowal of the policy of killing Union soldiers after they have surrendered, that rebel officers be taken into close custody and held accountable for the conduct of the War by the rebels on humane and civilised principles." Attorney General Edward Bates advised to "Adopt no plan of action, and especially, make no threat of vengeance or retaliation, without resolving at the same time, to act it out, to the letter, meeting all its consequences, direct and contingent...I would have no compact with the enemy for mutual slaughter - no cartel of blood and murder no stipulation to the effect that 'if you murder one of my men, I will murder one of yours!' Retaliation is not mere justice. It is avowedly Revenge; and is wholly unjustifiable, in law and conscience, unless adopted for the sole purposes of punishing past crime and of giving a salutary and blood saving warning against its repetition. In its very nature it must be discretionary." Postmaster General Montgomery Blair wrote the President that "There are two reasons which would prevent me from ordering the execution of prisoners, man for man, in retaliation for the massacre at Fort Pillow. First: That I do not think the measure would be justified by the rules of civilized warfare even in a contest between alien Enemies.Second: Because, even if allowable in such a contest, it would not be just in itself or expedient in the present contest...If it had not have been committed and we could stop it by saying we would execute some prisoners in our hands, that would of course, be proper enough. But when the crime has been committed and the question is whether we shall punish the authors vicariously by shooting prisoners who have not been engaged in it with the certainty that such punishment will lead to the shooting of an equal number of our prisoners in the hands of the enemy, and so on till all are shot on both sides, the question is very different." Secretary of the Interior John Usher advised caution. "We are upon the eve of an impending battle. Until the result shall have been known it seems to me to be inexpedient to take any extreme action in the premises. If favorable to our arms we may retaliate as far as the laws of War and humanity will permit. If disastrous, and extreme measures should have been adopted, we may be placed in a position of great embarrassment, and forced to forego our threatened purpose in order to avoid a worse calamity. I do not think it would be wise to inflict retaliation upon the prisoners now in our hands who were captured before the massacre complained of. Of those who may be thereafter captured, the forces under Forrest's command, or acting in concert with him, are, in the first instance, the proper subjects of retaliation...I am of opinion that the government should set apart for execution, an equal number of prisoners who, since the massacre, have been or may hereafter, from time to time, be captured from Forrests Command, designating, in every instance, as far as practicable, officers instead of privates."

On May 5, 1864, the report of the Joint Committee of Congress on the Conduct of the War on the Fort Pillow Massacre was presented to Congress stating that "It will appear from the testimony thus taken, that the atrocities committed at Fort Pillow were not the results of passion excited by the heat of conflict, but were the results of a policy deliberately decided upon and unhesitatingly announced." On May 6, 1864, President Lincoln met with his cabinet to discuss their suggestions. About 60 miles away, the armies of Generals U.S. Grant and Robert E. Lee were already engaged in the Battle of the Wilderness, the "impending battle" referred to in Usher's letter. Welles wrote in his diary, in part, "At the Cabinet-meeting each of the members read his opinion. There had, I think been some concert between Seward and Stanton and probably Chase; that is, they had talked on the subject, although there was not coincidence of views on all respects. Although I was dissatisfied with my own, it was as well as most others. Between Mr. Bates and Mr. Blair a suggestions came out that met my views better than anything that had previously been offered. It is that the President should by proclamation declare the officers who had command at the massacre outlaws, and require any of our officers who may capture them, to detain them in custody and not exchange them, but hold them to punishment. The thought was not very distinctly enunciated. In a conversation that followed the reading of our papers, I expressed myself favorable to this new suggestion, which relieved the subject of much of the difficulty. It avoid communication with the Rebel authorities. Take the matter in our own hands. We get rid of the barbarity of retaliation. Stanton fell in with my suggestion, so far as to propose that, should Forrest, or Chalmers, or any officer conspicuously in this butchery be captured, he should be turned over for trial for the murder at For Pillow. I sat beside Chase and mentioned to him some of the advantages of this course, and he said it made a favorable impression. I urged him to say so, for it appeared to me that the President and Seward did not appreciate it."

On May 17, 1864, President Lincoln decided on what course the government would take in response to the massacre at Fort Pillow. Offered here is Lincoln's order to Secretary of War Stanton. The President left three blank spaces where he had planned to add numbers. It was never signed. The letter, handwritten by Lincoln on separate conjoined sheets, is in very fine condition:

"Please notify the insurgents, through the proper military channels and forms, that the government of the United States has satisfactory proof of the massacre, by insurgent forces, at Fort-Pillow, on the 12th. and 13th. days of April last, of fully [blank space] white and colored officers and soldiers of the United States, after the latter had ceased resistance, and asked quarter of the former. That with reference to said massacre, the government of the United States has assigned and set apart by name [blank space] insurgent officers, theretofore, and up to that time, held by said government as prisoners of war. That, as blood can not restore blood, and government should not act for revenge, any assurance, as nearly perfect as the case admits, given on or before the first day of July next, that there shall be no similar massacre, nor any officer or soldier of the United States, whether white or colored, now held, or hereafter captured by the insurgents, shall be treated other than according to the laws of war, will insure the replacing of said [blank space] insurgent officers in the simple condition of prisoners of war. That the insurgents having refused to exchange, or to give any account or explanation in regard to colored soldiers of the United States captured by them, a number of insurgent prisoners equal to the number of such colored soldiers supposed to have been captured by said insurgents will, from time to time, be assigned and set aside, with reference to such captured colored soldiers, and will, if the insurgents assent, be exchanged for such colored soldiers; but that if no satisfactory attention shall be given to this notice, by said insurgents, on or before the first day of July next, it will be assumed by the government of the United States, that said captured colored troops shall have been murdered, or subjected to Slavery, and that said government will, upon said assumption, take such action as may then appear expedient and just."

Lincoln's secretary, John G. Nicolay, in chapter 25 of A Short Life of Abraham Lincoln (1902), explained that "two influences decided the course of the government against retaliation. One was that General Grant was about to begin his memorable campaign against Richmond, and that it would be most impolitic to preface a great battle by the tragic spectacle of a military punishment, however justifiable. The second was the tender-hearted humanity of the ever merciful President." Nicolay then relates what Frederick Douglass told him. In part, "'I shall never forget the benignant expression of his face, the tearful look of his eye, and the quiver in his voice when he deprecated a resort to retaliatory measures. "Once begun," said he, "I do not know where such a measure would stop." He said he could not take men out and kill them in cold blood for what was done by others. If he could get hold of the persons who were guilty of killing the colored prisoners in cold blood, the case would be different, but he could not kill the innocent for the guilty.'"

Lincoln's May 17, 1864 letter to Stanton is published in Volume VII of Roy P. Basler's The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln (1953). Basler notes that "Presumably this communication to Stanton was never signed or delivered, and there is some mystery surrounding the fact that it should have been preserved until recently in the papers of Major Thomas T. Eckert of the War Department telegraph office." Eckert was the telegraph superintendent of the War Department and trusted emissary of President Lincoln. Basler writes that "No record has been found of a communication from Stanton to the Confederate authorities carrying out Lincoln's instructions." Lincoln concluded this letter by giving the Confederacy six weeks to agree to exchange their captured "colored soldiers of the United States" for Confederate prisoners of war. If they didn't, the U.S. government would assume that "said captured colored troops shall have been murdered, or subjected to Slavery" and will "take such action as may then appear expedient and just." No doubt this referred to his July 30, 1863, proclamation ordering "that for every soldier of the United States killed in violation of the laws of war, a rebel soldier shall be executed." The Confederacy would then have retaliated by executing Northern prisoners and an atrocious cycle of carnage off the battlefield would have begun. One can only reflect on what was going through Lincoln's mind as he wrote this letter, ultimately deciding not to sign it. Undoubtedly, this is one of the most historically important letters of any U.S. President in existence, one that if it had been sent, would have adversely changed American history. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

John Wilkes Booth Autograph Letter Signed. Rare missive with interesting personal content written by Abraham Lincoln's future assassin to a friend, "Joe," in Boston on November 23 [no year], three pages, 5.25" x 7.75". Booth (1838-1865) was staying in Cincinnati during a theatrical tour when he wrote in part: "Dear Joe / I know you will forgive me this long delay in answering your letters; if you knew me better you would not wonder at it, as I avail myself of any excuse to get rid of writing, no matter how I may long to hear from the person to whom I have to write, and I confess I should like to hear from you every day. I received your photograph, a thousand thanks, I think it very good, I believe you have mine." Boldly signed "J. Wilkes Booth" in dark black ink. The original envelope addressed in Booth's hand is also included. This exceptional letter is in very good condition with folds, some minor smearing of the ink, and some fading on the first page only.

Abraham Lincoln Wartime Autograph Letter Signed, "A. Lincoln". One page, 4.5" x 7.75", Washington, D.C., March 25, 1862, to Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. It reads in full: "Executive Mansion March 25, 1862 Hon. Sec. of War, Sir Send me a nomination of Amiel W. Whipple as a Brigadier General of volunteers." Penned on ruled note paper, a few light stains not affecting content, one clipped corner. Overall sound with a bold signature. Fine condition. This letter is listed on page 171 in Basler's "Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln". The subject of the correspondence, soon-to-be Brigadier Whipple, was a career army officer with a background in topographical engineering. Whipple's pre-war experience included surveying the nation's borders with Mexico and Canada. After commanding the Virginia defenses of Washington, Whipple served as topographer under George McClellan and contributed numerous maps to the Union war effort. Amiel Whipple's career ended when he died at Chancelorsville in May, 1865.

Abraham Lincoln Signed Military Commission. One page, 15.5" x 19.5", on vellum, partly printed, Washington, August 1, 1864. An appointment of George Warner to the rank of 1st lieutenant. Co-signed by Edwin Stanton, as Secretary of War. Edward Townsend has also signed in the docketing area at upper left. Very good condition with original folds, one bisecting the blue wafer seal. The manuscript portions of the document are faded although the Stanton and Lincoln signatures are quite visible. Framed (non-archivally) to an overall size of 17.75" x 21.5".

Abraham Lincoln As President Document Signed, one page, partially printed, vellum, 13.75" x 17.17.25", Washington, D.C., February 21, 1862, countersigned by Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. An exceptionally nice Union officer's commission naming William E. Morford an "Assistant Quartermaster of Volunteers with the rank of Captain". Visually pleasing with engraved martial vignettes, a blue War Department seal and bold signatures. Smoothed folds, else excellent condition. Morford enlisted as a 1st Lieutenant and soon rose to become Captain of Co. "H", 1st New Jersey Cavalry. This commission documents his transfer to the Quartermaster Department, from which he was mustered out at war's end with the rank of Lt. Colonel.

Scarce Abraham Lincoln Free Frank Signature on a cover addressed to "J Cobean Jr / Mansfield Ohio". Overall size is 11.25" x 8", with bold ink, with evidence of showthrough from writing on verso. Paper is toned and has been mended in several places where tearing occurred upon opening of wax seal. Overall condition remains very good, with the signature having placement well away from any instances of paper loss. Free frank is accompanied by a carte-de-visite of Lincoln in a chest, up pose. CDV has been gently trimmed and rounded at corners, with light soiling to recto and verso, albumen retains good contrast; and overall condition is very good.

Abraham Lincoln Autograph Endorsement Signed, "A. Lincoln", on the verso of a one page manuscript document signed by 46 members of the Pennsylvania Legislature, 7.5" x 16.5", n.p., n.d. President Lincoln here acts favorably to a petition seeking pardon for one David Stone by writing: "Let this man take the oath of Dec. 8, 1863 and be discharged. Dec. 1. 1864." Lincoln's lines and signature are perfectly clear despite some very minor water stains. The document as a whole is sound with a minor split having an old archival tape repair. Toned paper with smoothed folds and some soiling. Overall very good condition. An excellent opportunity for the collector wanting a Lincoln autograph in its original context. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Abraham Lincoln Autograph Document Signed "Lincoln & Hendon p.q.," one page, 8" x 12". [Springfield, Illinois, September 12, 1849.] On September 12, 1849, in his Springfield law office, 40-year-old Abraham Lincoln met with George D. Berry of Christian County, Illinois, who wished to sue John L. Cagle for trespass. Lincoln wrote the declaration alledging that Cagle caused Berry's daughter Elizabeth to bear an illegitimate child and be sick for nine months, asking for $1000 in damages. This document accompanied the declaration. Headed by Lincoln: "George D. Berry/vs./John S. Cagle/Trespass on the case- Damage $1000-00-." In full: "The clerk of the Christian county circuit court will please file the foregoing declaration, and, at the same time, issue a summons in the above entitled cause-- So soon as the clerk shall receive satisfactory information, that process has been served in this cause on the defendant, he will please issue in behalf of the plaintiff, Subpoenas for the following named witnesses to wit: Elizabeth Berry, Mildred Campbell, John Saunders, Robert E. Berry, Elizabeth Weeden, Susan Berry, Leonard Cagle, Jasper Cagle-" On verso in another hand: "Filed Sept 12/1849/W.S. Moore". Heading their witness list: Elizabeth Berry. It is interesting to note that the baby was already born, that it was not the mother bringing suit against the man who fathered her child, but her father, and that two of the witnesses subpoenaed were named Cagle. The law firm of Lincoln & Herndon was formed in 1843. The partnership continued, nominally at least, until Lincoln's death in 1865. Lightly browned at folds. In fine condition.Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Abraham Lincoln Signature As President , 6" x 2.75", Washington, D.C., 1861. A bold signature of the nation's 16th president taken from what appears to be a political appointment or military commission. The fragmentary document contains that portion of the dateline noting the year it was signed. Excellent condition and suitable for framing.

Abraham Lincoln Inscribed Card Signed "For Miss Howell/A. Lincoln/Dec. 9, 1864" as President, 3" x 1.75". Just three days earlier, President Lincoln had delivered what turned out to be his last annual message to Congress, known today as the State of the Union, ending with "In stating a single condition of peace, I mean simply to say that the war will cease on the part of the government, whenever it shall have ceased on the part of those who began it." Exactly four months after Lincoln signed this card, on April 9, 1865, that's exactly what happened as Confederate General Robert E. Lee, as he prepared to surrender to Union Gen. U. S. Grant, remarked, "It would be useless and therefore cruel to provoke the further effusion of blood." The card has glue stains on verso and is soiled with light stains at the "A Li" of the signature. However, President Lincoln's writing is dark and the contrast is excellent. Fine condition.

[Abraham Lincoln] - The "Long Nine" A Collection of Lincoln's Early Political Associates. A set of eight documents signed by or pertaining to Lincoln's early colleagues from the Illinois House of Representatives -1836-1838- so called because of their height, each being over six feet tall. Credited with obtaining the removal of the state capital from Vandalia to Springfield, each remained one of Lincoln's close political and personal friends. Documents signed by the Long nine are scarce - examples from Dan Stone and Andrew McCormick are particularly rare. Included here are documents signed by seven members of this select group. INCLUDES: William F. Elkins. Born in Kentucky and moved to Springfield in 1825, Lincoln appointed him as register of the land office of Springfield. In 1865, he served as one of Lincoln's funeral pallbearers. Manuscript D.S. "Wm. F. Elkins, She[ri]ff S. C.", 1 page, 8" x 2.5", Springfield, September 22, 1842, a receipt for $1.75 for executing a deed. Fine. John Dawson (1791-1850) Dawson was born in Virginia and settled as farmer in Sangamon County in 1827. He served five terms in the legislature and was a member of the 1847 state constitutional convention. A.E.S. "John Dawson" as Justice of the Peace, Sangamon County, Illinois, Feb. 28, 1838, on the verso of a manuscript D.S. "J. Adams Judge of Probate", 1 page, 8" x 12.5", Sangamon county, Feb. 19, 1835. Uneven toning, weak at folds, else very good. Ninian Edwards (1809-89) Lincoln's brother-in-law, Ninian Edwards was Illinois' first territorial governor. He married Elizabeth Todd, Mary Todd Lincoln's sister. Ninian served as Illinois state attorney general, state senator, and received a Civil War appointment from Lincoln. Prominent in Springfield politics, Lincoln was married in his home. Partly-printed D.S. "Ninian W. Edwards", 1 page, 8" x 12.5", Sangamon County, Illinois, July 22, 1867. Weak at folds, light soiling, else very good. Job Fletcher (1793-1872) Fletcher was born in Virginia and moved to Sangamon County in 1819. He spent several terms in the state house and senate. Manuscript D.S. "Job Fletcher Srv.", 1 page, 8" x 9.5", Sangamon County, March 4,1835, a report "for a review of a part of the road lading from Springfield to St. Louis..." Fine. Archer G. Herndon (1795-1867) Herndon was the father of Lincoln's law partner, William Herndon. He was born in Virginia and moved to Springfield in 1825. A prominent leader of the Illinois democrats, Herndon was a successful merchant and tavern-keeper, a member of the state legislature, and receiver of the land office in Springfield. A.D.S. "R. G. Herndon" 1 page, 7" x 4", [no place] September 12, 1831, a promissory note to pay John H. Gay $95.88. Fine. Robert Lang Wilson (1805-1880) Wilson was born in Pennsylvania and moved to Athens, Illinois in 1833. A lawyer, Wilson was a member of the legislature and later circuit clerk in Whiteside County, Illinois. He was a probate judge who raised troops in Illinois during the Civil War; he was made a paymaster by Lincoln. Manuscript D.S. "R. L. Wilson" 2 pages, 8" x 12.5", Athens,[Ill.], November 3, 1838, an estate inventory of the recently deceased Charles Holmes. Signed by Wilson as Clerk on the second page. Partial separation at folds, light toning, else very good. Daniel Stone; born in Vermont, Stone moved to Springfield in 1833. As a member of the legislature, Stone and Lincoln entered a protest against a series of pro-slavery resolutions -- considered among Lincoln's earliest and most important statements on the subject. Stone became a circuit court judge in Galena. He left Illinois for New Jersey and died in 1845. Scarce A.D.S. "Stone P.D." 1 page, 8" x 12", Sangamon County, March, 1843 concerning a lawsuit. Light creases, else fine. A clean specimen. (Andrew McCormick). McCormick was twice a member of the state legislature. A stonecutter by trade, very little is known of his career and he left Sangamon County at an early date. His signature is exceptionally rare - only a few examples are known. Offered here is a manuscript document, 1 page, 7.5" x 6.5", Sangamon County, April 16, 1827 being an invoice form one John Shapher to McCormick for work performed including "work don[e] in his well...removing dirt and Other Obsticles [sic]...by whiskey 2 1/2 gallons..." for a total of $25.25. Sadly, McCormick did not add his holograph to this piece. Irregular margins, toned, else very good. Provenance, King Hostick, 1962. Together, eight pieces. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Abraham Lincoln Clipped Signature, "A. Lincoln". 1.75" x .75", removed from a check, matted with a Brady carte de visite photograph of Lincoln together with an 1849 one dollar bill issued by the State Bank of Illinois bearing the signature of the cashier "A Lincoln" (a namesake). This group is offered together with three letters from Lincoln's son, Robert Todd Lincoln (2 A.Ls.S. and 1 L.S.). While we often encounter authenticated examples of Lincoln's signature by such legendary dealers as Charles Hamilton, Walter Benjamin, King Hostick and others, it is not often that we find an example authenticated by Lincoln's only son to survive into adulthood. In 1880, the noted collector Henry C. Hines happened upon a State Bank of Illinois bill bearing the signature "A. Lincoln". After some research, Hines contacted Robert T. Lincoln, asking him to comment on the signature. Lincoln responded that the signature was questionable and sent Hines the clipped bank check signature of Abraham Lincoln for comparison. On September 1, 1880 Lincoln responded to Hines that he did not "...remember that I ever heard that my father was at any time an officer of the old 'State Bank of Illinois..." and requested that Hines forward the bank note bearing the signature. Hines readily complied, and on the 10th of September, Lincoln commented, "...The signature in question very much resembles my father's writing; the letter 'L' seems to be characteristic. I send you a signature for comparison..." Clearly, Lincoln was no handwriting expert, but he used other means to disprove the authenticity. Writing on October 4, 1880, "I have received a letter from an old friend of my father, Major Stuart of Springfield...[who] writes to me that my father never was cashier of the State bank...the signature beyond all question is fictitious..." The signature was not an intentional forgery, but rather a case of a contemporary namesake, a common problem with such common names such as Abraham Lincoln and John Adams. Also affixed with the portrait, bill and signature is part of an 1897 newspaper clipping regarding the search for verification between Hines and Robert T. Lincoln. Provenance, Walter Benjamin, 1948. These items are offered with the June, 1948 issue of The Collector which includes Mary Benjamin's article on the Lincoln signature and related correspondence. Lincoln's signature is bold and appears to be in fine condition. The Brady cartes-de-visite does have a noticeable crease. None of the items have been examined out of the over-mat. The Robert Todd Lincoln letters are all quite clean and bright and in near fine condition. A great group and about as fine a letter of provenance ever found! Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Lincoln Friend Ira Harris Autograph Letter Signed, one page, 8" x 13", Albany, New York, August 22, 1839, to a James Reid. The letter regards routine financial matters. Light soiling, folds. Fine condition. Ira Harris (1802-1875) was a U.S. Senator from New York. His daughter Clara and stepson Henry Rathbone were guests in the President's box at Ford's Theater on April 14, 1865 when John Wilkes Booth struck his fatal blow. Indeed, Rathbone was stabbed by the assassin.
Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Boston Corbett Autograph Card, 4" x 2.5". Light aging, else extremely fine condition. As the man who fired the shot that brought down John Wilkes Booth, Sergeant Boston Corbett should have been a wildly popular celebrity in the postwar North. His religious fanaticism, however, alienated nearly all with whom he came in contact. He died a fugitive from an insane asylum. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Mary Lincoln's Sister Martha Todd White Autograph Letter Signed, eight pages, 5" x 8", Lexington, Kentucky, June 19, no year (1863?), to "Hattie". A lengthy, gossipy, free-flowing stream of bourgeois consciousness in which the writer states that "the flour meat and garden were undisturbed by the Yanks". Smoothed folds, fine condition.
President Lincoln's wealthy slave-holding Kentucky in-laws were not altogether in support of him or his government. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Theater Owner John T. Ford Autograph Letter Signed, "J.T. Ford", one page on two-color "Ford's Opera Houses" letterhead, 8" x 10.5", Baltimore, October 19, 1883, to a Mr. Cox. Concerning city and state elections, an alarmed Ford writes , "...We are in peril and want a Rallying Speech on the necessity of unity for the Sake of the Union..." Smoothed folds, else very fine condition with bold ink.
John Ford had the dubious distinction of owning the Washington, D.C. theater in which Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Autographs of Four Men Who Voted For George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. This quirky little collection was assembled late in 1860 by a Mr. Edward C. Chapman. He sought out elderly Lincoln supporters who had in their youth also cast ballots for Washington. Pasted to period album pages are autographed letters and notes by Samuel Jones, George Middleton, Daniel Waldo and Jonathan Wallingford. Wallingford's letter is the most explicit and he writes in part: "...I voted for George Washington and at most of the Presidential Elections down to Lincoln & Hamlin and voted for Lincoln and Hamlin which I think will be My last vote for President as I am past Ninety years...". Conversely, the aged Mr. Waldo wrote less but included a small albumen portrait of himself. Aging and stains, overall good condition. A wonderful group, the likes of which will be unlikely to appear again. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Lincoln Law Partner, Stephen Trigg Logan. Autograph Document Signed "Logan & Lincoln pq". Sangamon Co. [Ill.], no date (ca July 1844), four pages, quarto. A lengthy complaint by Reuben Thompson, who contracted to sell Edward Stapleford a lot in Iles's addition to the city of Springfield, taking in payment two notes at six and twelve months with 10% annual interest. Stapleford having "utterly failed & refused to pay said notes" except for some interest, Thompson asks that he be compelled to fulfill the contract or that a lien be granted and the lot sold to settle the debt and pay legal costs. Records show that Logan and Lincoln won this suit by default of the defendant. Accompanied by LOA from PSA/DNA. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Andrew Johnson Partly-Printed Document Signed "Andrew Johnson". One page, 7.5" x 6.25", Washington, August 14th, 1868 in which Johnson orders the Secretary of State to affix the seal of the Untied States to the "additional article to the treaty with the Emperor of Russia on the 18th Dec. 1832 concluded at Washington the 27th of January 1868..." This amendment to the 1832 commercial treaty was concluded the same day that Andrew Johnson signed the documents officially recognizing the official transfer of territory between Russia and the United States. This was done in the presence of the Russian envoy on January 28 after the President received word that the formal transfer ceremony, held at Sitka on January 24, 1868, had concluded. This additional article to the 1832 treaty governed counterfeit goods and trademarks and provided reciprocal protection for manufacturers in both countries. Little could be really concluded between the two nations until the summer of 1868 when the House, in spite of the Senate's ratification of the Alaska treaty nearly a year before, finally voted the funds to pay for the new territory. This is likely why Johnson did not order Seward to affix the seal to this treaty until August, 1868. Trimmed, with faint evidence of mat burn, otherwise very good. A wonderful document with history from the addition of territory that became the forty-ninth state! Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Andrew Johnson Letter Signed. One page, 7.8" x 9.75", Washington D.C., March 3, 1865, to Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. The day before he was to take the oath of office as Lincoln's Vice President, and less than two months before Lincoln's assassination, Andrew Johnson resigned as Military governor of Tennessee. Presenting his resignation to the Secretary of War (whose dismissal by Johnson the following year would spark impeachment proceedings against him), Johnson writes: "In tendering the accompanying resignation, I beg to express my high regard for you personally, and also to thank you sincerely for the uniform kindness which you have been pleased to extend to me personally and officially during my service as an officer under the War Department." A most ironic association to say the least. Light creases, else very fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Andrew Johnson Signed Postmaster's Appointment DS "Andrew Johnson" as President and co-signed by "William H. Seward as Secretary of State, one page, 14" x 9.5", Washington, July 7, 1865, appointing Benjamin G. Dennison "Deputy Postmaster at Brunswick, in the State of Maine". With various folds and creasing, and a small one-inch tear along bottom margin; however the document remains in very good condition with an intact paper seal.

Andrew Johnson As President Document Signed, one page, vellum, 15.75" x 19.5", Washington, D.C., April 21, 1865, countersigned by Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. A partially printed military commission naming Albert H. Griffith a "Hospital Chaplain". Excellent condition. This document was signed a mere week after Abraham Lincoln's assassination and must be considered of Civil War vintage since two major Confederate armies were still in the field under arms when it was drawn up. Comes with period engraving of Andrew Johnson. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

President Andrew Johnson Document Signed, two pages, 10.5" x 16.75", Washington, D.C., august 26, 1865, countersigned by William H. Seward, Secretary of State. This manuscript grants a Presidential pardon to one Mary Hardnett, who was "convicted of larceny, and sentenced to thirty days imprisonment." Affixed with Presidential Seal. Complete separation along central fold, else sound stock with only light browning. This item is certainly evocative of a bygone era in that one cannot imagine a modern chief executive bothering with such a small-time criminal case. Ex. Henry C. Luhrs Collection.

War-dated Endorsement Signed by Ulysses S. Grant on the verso of a letter from R. Ould, Confederate Agent for Exchange of prisoners of war. Ould's letter, 8" x 10", dated February 15, 1865, is inquiring after the "condition and whereabouts of Edward S. Ruggles, C.S... who was captured on the Mississippi River on the 2nd day of October last". The request for information was passed to Grant by the original recipient, John E. Mulford, and Grant's signature forwards the request to Brigadier General Hoffman, Commanding General in charge of Prisoners. Brig. General Hoffman's confirms that Ruggles was indeed captured at Fort Adams, Miss. on October 13th and was being held as a POW in New Orleans. It can only be surmised that Ruggles was a relative of famed Confederate General Daniel Ruggles, as that would explain why it merited the attention of Grant. Ould's letter on the recto is barely visible, but all of the endorsements and Grant's signature remain quite bold. The document has been professionally restored at the folds. With light soiling, otherwise very good.

Ulysses S. Grant Autograph Letter Signed "U.S. Grant" Two pages, 4.5" x 6.5", Liverpool, May 29, 1777 to Z. B. Walker, the Mayor of Liverpool requesting the inclusion of Adam Badeau in an official function. He writes, in full: "In acknowledging courtesies already received from the citizens of Liverpool and yourself personally will you permit me to ask that Gen. Badeau Consul Gen. of the U.S. at London, and formerly my Aide, may he included in your invitation in the occasion of my next visit, June 28th." Badeau served as an aide to Grant during the Civil War, and as a diplomat in England during Grant's presidential administrations. Light creases and soiling, mounted to a larger sheet with two other mounted manuscripts on recto and verso, else fine.

Ulysses S. Grant Autograph Letter Signed, "U.S. Grant". One page, 4.75" x 8", New York, December 8, 1881 written on the end of a two page A.L.S. from a Judge Lewis Buckner. Grant responded to Buckner's letter which remarked upon a slanderous gossip column written by two federal employees, which the judge had included in his letter. The judge noted the enclosure of a "...slip cut from the Louisville Courier Journal...They have persistently abuse you, Mr. Conckling, and Gen Arthur, until he came to the Presidency. These persons are but the instruments of Justice Harlan, and were doubtless first gotten places in the Treasury through his influence, they write letters from the paper named once a week and have made it a point never to omit to say something disrespectful about you..." This clipped column includes little barbs directed toward Grant: "When Gen. Grant was a candidate for a third term he said that when he was elected President he was inexperienced, and committed many mistakes...and was anxious to be elected again...Again he has come to the front as the chief counsellor [sic] of the President. What do we see?" Buckner was incensed that these women were on the federal government payroll. He anticipated that if he informed "the present secretary of the Treasury...he might take some proper step to have such an unseemly thing stopped - People drawing pay under a Republican administration, and at the same time writing the most villainous slanders against the chief's of that party" On the third page Grant responded in a measured tone: "I send you this letter & enclosure Confidentially. I know the character of the letters written by the two women Snead - Mother & daughter - but I did not know that they were receiving pay from the Government in addition to what they make as correspondents. I venture to say they return but little service to the government for what they receive." Grant's administration was no stranger to criticism or controversy, as many members of his cabinet came under fire for corruption. Light toning at creases with partial separation, else very good. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Ulysses S. Grant Autograph Letter Signed. One page, 4.75" x 8", Headquarters Army of the United States letterhead, April 17, 1868. In this letter, Grant (1822-1885) writes to his tailor to order a new wardrobe for his upcoming Presidential campaign; signed "Yours v.s. U. S. Grant" The letter is quadruple matted with a 4.5" x 5.5" etching of Grant and a 3" x 6" engraved plaque. The letter is in fine condition with folds; the framing materials are in very good condition.

President Ulysses S. Grant Signed Document, partly-printed DS, one page, 8" x 10", Jan. 5, 1870, directing the Secretary of State to "affix the Seal of the United States to a Warrant for the delivery of a prisoner by the British authorities." Fold affects the top of Grant's bold signature, with slight discoloration typical of this document, otherwise near fine and suitable for display.

President Ulysses S. Grant Autograph Endorsement Signed, "U. S. Grant", on back of two page letter to Grant, 8.75" x 10", from one John Coburn, Indianapolis, Indiana, August 3, 1872. On a verso panel the president writes: "Respectfully refered [sic] to the Sec. Of the Int. for his answer to Mr. Coburn. I do not recollect the circumstances." Light toning, very fine condition.
The letter questions Grant about a military pension bill being vetoed. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Mrs. U. S. Grant Autograph Note Signed, "Julia D. Grant," one page on personal letterhead edged in black, 4" x 6.25", New York City, March 5, 1890, recipient unknown. It reads, "Will Wm Loveland kindly attend to the enclosed and oblige me." A large, bold signature of the former First Lady. Presumably the mourning border on this stationery denotes Mrs. Grant's widowhood. Browning, fine condition.

Ulysses S. Grant's Son, Frederick D. Grant Typed Letter Signed as New York City Police Commissioner "Frederick D. Grant". Two pages, 8" x 10.5", on Police Department of New York City letterhead, October 29, 1895, to Gilbert A. Pierce, Minneapolis. Frederick D. Grant was the eldest son of Ulysses and Julia Grant. As such he was afforded several unique opportunities to witness many milestones in his father's career. General Grant allowed the 12 year old Frederick to spend some time at his side during the Vicksburg campaign and it was Frederick who helped his father arrange the manuscript for his autobiography in the last days of his life. In this letter responds to former Dakota territory governor and North Dakota senator Gilbert Pierce's request for information about U. S. Grant's role in seeking a third term as President at the 1880 convention and his father's last days at Mount McGregor: "I do not remember of father's talking much, if any, about the advisability or the impropriety of a third term. He seemed satisfied that the people would act in that matter, as would best suit their interests...as to the last days at Mount McGregor, I think everything that could be said was put in the daily papers at that time...my duties were to copy data for him, and arrange his manuscript for his book...it is a painful memory, and I have tried to forget it as much as possible...". Toning to paper, with the usual fold creases, some erasable pencil marginalia, else very good.

Rutherford B. Hayes As President Partially Printed Document Signed, "R B Hayes", one page, 22" x 18", Washington, D.C., June 3, 1878. An appointment naming John F. Hazelton U.S. Consul at Genoa. Countersigned by Secretary of State William M. Evarts and affixed with State Department seal. Moderate stains, minor paper loss along folds. Bold Hayes signature, good condition.

Scarce James A. Garfield Document Signed as President A partly-printed DS "James A. Garfield", one page, 8" x 10", Washington, April 15, 1881, authorizing and directing "the Secretary of State to cause the Seal of the United States to be affixed to a warrant commuting the sentence imposed on Skokee otherwise 'Turtle'". The President's signature boldly adorns the document and measures more than 4" across. He signs his first name in full, a much scarcer version of his signature. Garfield holds the dubious distinction of serving the second shortest presidential term in U.S. history. His term was cut short by Charles Guiteau, a disappointed office seeker, who shot the president on July 2, 1881. Garfield lived another ten weeks, finally expiring on September 19, 1881. Garfield's autograph as President is uncommon and very desirable. The document has two horizontal folds well away from the signature, remaining in near fine condition and ideal for display.

James A. Garfield Autograph Letter Signed "J. A. Garfield," one page, 5" x 8". Washington, March 23, 1873. To Nehemiah G. Ordway, Esq., Sergeant-at-Arms, House of Representatives. In full, "In answer to yours of yesterday, I have signed, and enclose herewith, Draft for Four Thousand, Five Hundred & Forty Eight Dollars ($4548) amount of Extra back pay for the 42nd Congress, subject to my order - I have made the Draft payable to you to Enable you to carry out my order to cover the amount into the General Treasury. I desire that this shall be done quietly & that the fact shall not be allowed to go to the newspapers." On the last day of the 42nd Congress, March 3, 1873, in addition to increasing the salaries of the President, Vice President, cabinet members, assistant secretaries, Supreme Court justices, and the Speaker as of March 4, 1873, Congress voted that "Senators, Representatives, and Delegates in Congress, including Senators, Representatives, and Delegates in the Forty-second Congress, shall receive $7,500 per annum each," an annual raise of $2,500. Since the 42nd Congress had convened on March 4, 1871, each member would be entitled to back pay of $5,000. On March 1st, Congressman Garfield had introduced a motion to accept a Senate amendment stipulating a smaller increase to $6,500. It passed the House, but a House-Senate conference committee reinstituted the original $2,500 raise. Republican and Democratic newspaper editorials and public outcry denounced what was called a "salary grab." On March 15, 1873, Ohio's Defiance Democrat wrote, "This is a bold, defiant, flagrant robbery, particularly that portion of the law that is retroactive." Garfield represented Ohio's 19th Congressional District. In three of his district's five counties including Ashtabula, Republican conventions met and passed resolutions of censure, calling for Garfield's resignat

ion because of his vote for the "salary grab." Garfield confided in a friend, W. C. Howells (father of the novelist), that "the action of the Ashtabula Convention hurts me more than I am willing to tell anybody but you." In this letter, dated March 26, 1873, Garfield is depositing $4,548 of his "Extra back pay" into his account with the Sergeant-at-Arms of the House of Representatives, obviously not wanting any publicity. He could then write drafts on this account on pre-printed check forms supplied to him. On January 13, 1874, Congress repealed the entire congressional pay raise, sustaining only the salary increases for the President and Supreme Court Justices. Lightly stained. Fine condition.

James Garfield Autograph Letter Signed "J. A. Garfield" as President-elect. One page, 5 x 8" Mentor, Ohio, November. 5, 1880 to General R. C. Schenk in thanks for the congratulations on his November 2 election to the Presidency: "You know how heartily I thank you for your kind Congratulations- God bless you..." Light horizontal creases, else very fine condition, extremely bright and clean. This is a superb example from the period immediately prior to his taking office -- a job that ultimately cost him his life at the hands of Charles Guiteau, the failed office-seeker and madman. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

James A. Garfield Autograph Letter Signed "J. A. Garfield". Two pages, 7.75" x 9.75", Washington, June, 11, 1872 to Mrs. John A. Dahlgren referring to a claim which she had brought before Congress, likely with the aim to claim her deceased husband's naval pension. He advised the widow: "...Those who tell you a lobby is necessary to secure the action of Congress on a just claim, are either grossly informed or are wickedly corrupt. I know that bad men get into Congress, but after ten years experience as a member of the House, I am clearly of the opinion that the fair presentation of an honest claim to Congress on its merits, is the safest and surest road to success. Those who pay money to lobbyists to secure legislation, are the victims of a double swindle. First, that money does not aid in the passage of their bill, and, Second, if Congress finds out money is being used, it is almost fatal to any bill. The worst villains in the U.S. are those who receive and keep money on the pretense that with it they buy legislation in Congress. They are both liars and robbers..." A superb and passionate letter which assails the influence of money in politics. Fine condition with usual folds. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Harry S. Truman Typed Letter Signed and Two Grover Cleveland Autograph Letters Signed. In March 1952, Robert O. McNiel of Roanoke, Virginia, sent to President Harry S. Truman a January 4, 1897, autograph letter by President Grover Cleveland for his review. This lot includes Truman's response to McNiel and two January 4, 1897, Cleveland letters:
Truman TLS One page, 6.75" x 8.75", White House letterhead, March 13, 1952. Truman sent his reply to McNiel from the U.S. Naval Station in Key West, Florida. He writes in full: "Dear Mr. McNiel: Accept my hearty thanks for your thoughtful letter of March 3rd. I found the text of that letter written by former President Cleveland on January 4, 1897 very interesting. I can well understand that it is a treasured part of your Presidential autograph collection. Very sincerely yours, [signed] Harry Truman" The letter is accompanied by the original White House envelope. The letter is in fine condition with one fold; the envelope is near fine with no tears and some slight creasing at the top.
Cleveland ALS Three pages, 4.75" x 7.75", Executive Mansion letterhead, January 4, 1897. Grover Cleveland (1837-1908), the 22nd and 24th President, was in the final months of his second presidency (1893-1897) when he wrote this letter to Franklin MacVeagh of Chicago, in response to an invitation to the Jackson Day banquet held by the National Democrats of the Middle States. He concludes the letter "Yours very truly / Grover Cleveland" The letter is in near fine condition with one fold and some very light soiling.
Cleveland ALS Two pages, 4.5" x 7", Executive Mansion letterhead, January 4, 1897. Cleveland, who was having problems with his writing hand, penned a second letter to Franklin MacVeagh the same day, apologizing for his poor penmanship and requesting that he be careful with the first letter should it be given to the press. The letter is in near fine condition with one fold and some very light soiling. He again concludes his letter "Yours very truly / Grover Cleveland" The original envelope, in very good condition with some soiling and acidification, accompanies the Cleveland letters.

Grover Cleveland Autograph Note Signed in full as President. One page, 4.25" x 3.5", (no place), July 4, 1895, in honor of the day: "Let us all remember what patriotism and virtue did for us one hundred and nineteen years ago." Very fine condition and perfect for display. This is an attractive Fourth of July tribute from a sitting Executive. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Benjamin Harrison Autograph Letter Signed, "Benj Harrison". Two pages, 4.5" x 6.9", original personal stationery, Indianapolis, Indiana, June 30, 1896, to John Wanamaker, the father of modern advertising and the first department store. Wanamaker was also Harrison's Postmaster General, yet his tenure was tarnished by corruption and mismanagement. In this letter Harrison acknowledges the arrival of John Wanamaker's $10,000 check for Harrison's Cape May property in New Jersey. The property, originally a gift presented by Wanamaker and several anonymous "subscribers" in 1890, smacked of favoritism and became a scandalous subject. During the summer of 1890, with the White House undergoing extensive renovations including an electric wing, Harrison moved his family to Cape May to the cottage presented as a gift by Wanamaker. After the press caught wind, Harrison opted to pay Wanamaker $10,000 for the cottage in order to remove the stain of corruption. When Harrison decided to summer in the Adirondacks, he sold the cottage back to Wanamaker. Harrison writes, in part: "Your letter inclosing your check for Ten Thousand ($10,000) dollars for the Cape May property came yesterday. I am very much obliged to you again for your Kindness. I am spending about one half at my Adirondack Camp. I have a pretty site & about thirty six acres of land. We hope to get into the other about Aug 1st & after the latter date I hope we may have a visit from you & Mrs W..." Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Early William McKinley Cabinet Photograph Signed "Wm McKinley Jr/Capt 23rd Ohio Vol & Bvt Maj U.S.V.," 4" x 5.5" image, overall, 4.25" x 6.5". Gilt-edged. Light foxing and soiling. William McKinley enlisted in the Union Army in June 1861 as a private in the 23rd Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was frequently promoted during the war and when he was mustered out in September 1865, he was a Captain and brevet Major of the 23rd Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, exactly what he signed on this photo mount. He went to law school, was admitted to the bar, and served as prosecuting attorney of Stark County, Ohio, from 1869 to 1871. After his father died in 1892, McKinley dropped "Jr" from his signature. Fine condition.

Theodore Roosevelt Historic Typed Letter Signed "Theodore Roosevelt" as President, five pages, 8" x 10.5". The White House, Washington, June 8, 1908. To Mr. Murdo Mackenzie. On June 8, 1908, in accordance with a declaration adopted unanimously in May by the Conference of Governors meeting in the White House, President Roosevelt created the National Conservation Commission comprised of four Sections (Waters, Forests, Lands, Minerals) with 12 members each. In this letter, Roosevelt asks Mackenzie to "consent to act as a member of the Commission , in common with the following gentlemen:" Listed are the 48 members divided into four sections; Mackenzie is already listed as a member of the Lands section. Other members include twelve U.S. Senators, ten House members, three former Governors, conservationist Gifford Pinchot (named Commission chairman), and philanthropists Andrew Carnegie and John Hays Hammond. Murdo Mackenzie was president of the American National Livestock Association and one of Roosevelt's staunch western supporters. He later went to South America and managed the Brazil Land, Cattle and Packing Company; TR stayed with him during his River of Doubt exploration in 1913.

A magnificent, historically significant letter presenting Roosevelt's reasons for conserving our natural resources, still an important issue almost 100 years later. In part, "The recent Conference of Governors in the White House confirmed and strengthened in the minds of our people the conviction that our natural resources are being consumed, wasted, and destroyed at a rate which threatens our present course toward these resources, if we should persist in following it, would ultimately be the impoverishment of our people...The Commission on the Conservation of Natural Resources will be organized in four sections to consider the four great classes of water resources, forest resour

ces, resources of the land, and mineral resources...The work of the Commission should be conditioned upon keeping ever in mind the great fact that the life of the nation depends absolutely on the material resources, which have already made the Nation great. Our object is to conserve the foundations of our prosperity. We intend to use these resources; but to so use them as to conserve them. No effort should be made to limit the wise and proper development and application of these resources; every effort should be made to prevent destruction, to reduce waste, and to distribute the enjoyment of our natural wealth in such a way as to promote the greatest good of the greatest number for the longest time..." Soiling at the top margin of each page with paper clip indentations (paper clip present) and stains in the upper blank margin of the first page. Boldly signed in full by Roosevelt (4.5" long signature!), undoubtedly America's greatest conservation president, who, in addition to creating the National Conservation Commission, designated 150 National Forests, the first 51 Federal Bird Reservations, five National Parks, the first 18 National Monuments, the first four National Game Preserves, and the first 21 Reclamation Projects during his 7-1/2 years in office. Altogether, he provided federal protection for almost 230 million acres, a land area equal to that of all the East coast states from Maine to Florida!

Murdo Mackenzie Archive including three Theodore Roosevelt letters. Born in Scotland, U.S. cattle rancher Murdo Mackenzie was president of the American National Livestock Association and one of Roosevelt's staunch western supporters. In 1908, President Roosevelt appointed him to the newly created National Conservation Commission. Mackenzie later went to South America and managed the Brazil Land, Cattle and Packing Company; TR stayed with him during his River of Doubt exploration in 1913.
Comprises 53 newspaper and magazine articles, many creased with folds and minor tears, and letters to Mackenzie, each affixed on pages of The Ideal Scrap Book, 11" d 16", whose pages have lined dotted gum spots which are moistened when items are put on the page. Letters affixed in this manner include those from Theodore Roosevelt (3), Gifford Pinchot (4), Secretary of Agriculture James Wilson (7), and Simon Guggenheim (2) and a small certificate signed by fellow Scotsman Harry Lauder. Most of the letters and articles are slightly rippled. Theodore Roosevelt's July 23, 1918 Typed Letter Signed "T. Roosevelt" was written nine days after TR's youngest son, 20-year-old Quentin, was killed in action over France. Roosevelt writes, in full, "Your message touches and pleases me very much. I thank you for it." In 1909, one of Mackenzie's sons had been killed by a former ranch hand. Roosevelt's December 8, 1911 TLS "Theodore Roosevelt" expresses regrets for being "unable to accept the very kind invitation of the American National Live Stock Association to attend their annual convention..." Mackenzie was the Association's president. On July 6, 1907, on White House stationery, the President wrote a TLS "Theodore Roosevelt" to Mackenzie commenting that "It rather looks to me as if the Teller-Mondell crowd had fizzled out at the convention..."At the time, Colorado S

en. Henry M. Teller chaired the Committee on Private Land Claims and Wyoming Rep. Frank W. Mondell chaired the Committee on Public Lands. Also included is a 9.75" x 7.75" unsigned photograph of Mackenzie and Roosevelt. Overall, in good condition.

Theodore Roosevelt Signed Photograph. TR signed this 9" x 7" photograph during his years in the White House (1901-1908). The image brings to mind the Rough Rider of San Juan Hill as the President, on horseback, jumps a hedge on an equestrian course; signed "Theodore Roosevelt / May 1902". The photo has been elaborately shadowbox-framed, with an attached nameplate, to a size of 27" x 25". The photo is in very good condition with some minor creases that do not affect the signature or image of TR. Comes with a COA from PSA/DNA.

Theodore Roosevelt Inscribed Signed Photograph Impressive 11" x 15" black-and-white Pach Bros. portrait of 26th President Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. (1858-1919), mounted in 15.5" x 19.5" matte, signed during his presidency (1901-1908) on October 20, 1904. T.R. writes in full: "With best wishes for the campaign association now formed in the district where I formerly lived. May good fortune attend you! Theodore Roosevelt" The photograph is in fine condition; the matte is very good with minor wear and browning on the edges.

Theodore Roosevelt Sends Thanks for an Article Eulogizing His Recently Deceased Son, Quentin Brief, but poignant ALS, 1 page, 5.75" x 3.75", Sagamore Hill, Aug. 12, 1918. In full: "Dear Lawrence, I was very deeply touched by the editorial on Quentin. I thank whoever wrote it. Always, Theodore Roosevelt". Quentin, Roosevelt's youngest and favorite son, had died less than a month earlier in an air fight over France on July 12, 1918. His death was mourned worldwide, and the Germans buried the young hero with full honors in recognition of his valor and skill, but also because of their respect and admiration for Theodore. The senior Roosevelt had been an outspoken supporter of the U.S.'s entry into the war, and both encouraged and supported all of his sons to join the armed forces. It is commonly believed that Quentin's death was a loss he would never recover from. Roosevelt would die less than six months later in January of 1919. The letter, written on an imprinted notecard, has light soiling and toning, but remains in near fine condition. A highly personal relic giving evidence of the great man's grief.

Theodore Roosevelt Typed Letter Signed as President. Two Pages, 8" x 10" on White House letterhead, marked "Confidential", Oyster Bay, August 20, 1902, with one holograph emendation in his hand to Los Angeles Times editor and Native American activist Charles F. Lummis. Roosevelt charged that Representative Francis G. Newlands had little to do with drafting or the passage of the act that bore his name! The landmark legislation provided the federal support necessary for reclamation irrigation projects enabling settlement of the far west. It was bothersome to President Roosevelt, who helped shepherd the bill through Congress, that Newlands used the bill to bolster his own reputation. Roosevelt asks the Times editor for "One word confidentially" bluntly stating that, "I do not like your paper to be used to boom Newlands, as in your last piece about irrigation. The bill is not the Newlands' bill at all. He had for instance, far less to do with preparing it than Senator Stewart of Nevada, or Congressman Mondell of Wyoming; and I consulted him far less than I did Senator Gibson of Montana and especially Senator Warren of Wyoming. Mr. Newlands had absolutely nothing to do with getting the bill through, but he has since industriously worked a newspaper bureau to give him credit. This bureau has gone so far as to publish fake interviews with the Secretary of Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture. The chief work that has been done was not by the western people at all. I had to devote myself to the easterners, and all that I had to do with Newlands was to make it evident that I would not back the extreme scheme with which he had been identified, the backing of which meant that nothing whatever would be accomplished. As soon as we got the westerners to agree upon a moderate bill, and could show that we were not going to do anything like what Mr. Newlands had originally proposed, then it only remained to bring the easterners in line, and that caused hard work, but we finally did it. I Write you thus at length because I have been convinced that Mr. Newlands had sought to exploit this bill for his own political purpose. Of course, treat this letter as entirely confidential and for your own information..." This superb letter reveals the private intrigues behind the passage of important and controversial legislation, as well as Roosevelt's disdain for what he considered an unworthy publicity-seeker. Roosevelt supported the National Reclamation Act, also known as the Newlands Bill, which gave the federal government primary responsibility for dam construction and irrigation projects which created some of the most productive agricultural lands in the country. This letter is somewhat at odds with the account of the passage of the act by Newlands' biographer, William D. Rowley. He stated that Newlands and Roosevelt gutted Senator Warren's version in an effort to make the act more similar to Newland's original proposal (Rowley, Reclaiming the Arid West: The Career of Francis G. Newlands, p. 102) Several reviews of this biography observe that despite the title of the biography, Rowley devotes only a few pages to the issue of land reclamation, a fact which lends credence to Roosevelt's claim that Newlands had little to do with the legislation bearing his name. (see David Introcaso's review of Rowley in Western Historical Quarterly Vol. 27, No. 4, p. 525). Usual folds, light soiling, else very good to fine condition. This is a rather significant piece of history. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Theodore Roosevelt As President Partially Printed Document Signed, one page, vellum, 16" x 20", Washington, D.C., March 10, 1906. Frank H. Schofield is here commissioned a Lieutenant-Commander in the U.S. Navy. Countersigned by Truman H. Newberry as Acting Secretary of the Navy. Splendid graphics, a blue Navy Department seal and a bold presidential signature. Light aging along edges, very fine condition. The officer named here, Frank Schofield, was a U.S. Naval Academy graduate and rose to become a full admiral before retiring in 1933.

Former President Theodore Roosevelt Typed Letter Signed With Endorsement, one page on Metropolitan letterhead, 8.5" x 11", New York City, January 8, 1917, to James M. Beck, New York City. The letter reads, "I am mighty pleased that you liked the article, and what I said about Wilson's proposal. But, is it not extraordinary that American people should be so completely taken in?" Roosevelt continues in his own hand, "P.S. Good for you! I am glad you dared speak so frankly that men could not mistake your meaning." Light soiling, smoothed fold. Fine condition.
Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Theodore Roosevelt as Vice President Typed Letter Signed, one page, 8.25" x 11", Colorado Springs, February 18, 1901, to Earl Marble, Denver, Colorado. Regarding an editorial, the soon-to-be president writes in part, "...Let me say that I particularly like the editorial on page 4, where you speak of my being a sportsman. I am a thorough believer in vigorous manly out-door sports, but when they become, instead of a past time, a permanent business, or whenever they interfere with serious work, then they are a sure sign of decadence." Light soiling, smoothed folds. Fine condition. A magnificent statement by a president renowned for his prowess as a hunter. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Former First Lady Edith Roosevelt Autograph Letter Signed, "Edith K. Roosevelt," one page, 6" x 7", Brooklyn, Connecticut, July 6, 1932, to F. Vernon Smith, Indianapolis, Indiana. The letter reads, "I shall find your envelopes most useful & wish to place an order for a hundred. So many send congratulatory letters under the misapprehension of my relationship to the Democratic nominee, - Who is in fact merely a distant connection of my husband's. That your envelope will enclose my reply appropriately with thanks." Very fine condition. Written by Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt upon the nomination of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Woodrow Wilson As President Partially Printed Document Signed, one page, vellum, 16" x 20", Washington, D.C., 15.5" x 19", Washington, D.C., September 13, 1917. Frank H. Schofield is here commissioned a Captain in the U.S. Navy. Countersigned by Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels. Engraved with fanciful scene of Neptune and his entourage escorting a semi-nude Columbia over roiling seas. The Wilson signature has faded somewhat, however the document is in excellent condition overall. Schofield, a career officer, would retire as an admiral in 1933.

First Lady Edith Wilson Autograph Letter Signed, "Edith Bolling Wilson", two pages, 4.25" x 6.25", Washington, D.C., February 1, 1930, to a Mrs. Frank Hiram Snell, location unknown. Mrs. Wilson here thanks Mrs. Snell for the present of a fan. With original envelope. Large, bold signature. Fine condition.
Edith Wilson (1872 - 1961) was President Wilson's second wife. From 1915 until her husband's untimely death, she was his tireless partner in government. Some historians consider her the de facto president during the final months of the Wilson Administration.

President Warren G. Harding and Cabinet Photograph Signed by All 12. 14" x 17" by Edmonston of Washington, D.C., 1921. Warren G. Harding (1865-1923), the 29th President of the United States, was hugely popular when he took office but various scandals quickly tarnished his reputation. This official White House photograph (which includes the signatures of three once-and-future U.S. Presidents) shows a scowling Harding with all the members of his original cabinet: (clockwise from left) Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon, Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty, Secretary of the Navy Edwin Denby, Secretary of Labor James J. Davis, Secretary of Agriculture Henry C. Wallace, Vice President Calvin Coolidge, Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall, Postmaster General Will H. Hays (later to found the Hollywood "Hays Code"), Secretary of War John W. Weeks, and Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes. This rare presidential item is in very good condition with a small corner chip at bottom right and some minor soiling and staining in the borders; the image is sharp and the signatures have faded ever so slightly after the passage of 86 years.

Warren G. Harding Typed Letter Signed 7" x 8.75", White House stationary, four pages with cojoined sheets penned on first page, January 9, 1922, Washington. Written to Secretary of Agriculture Henry C. Wallace. Near fine.

Warren G. Harding Typed Letter Signed "Warren G. Harding" as President, one full page, 7" x 8.75". The White House, Washington, February 3, 1923. To Myron T. Herrick, U.S. Ambassador to France, Paris. "Personal" typed at top. In part, "We have not only been anxious in maintaining the wholly proper attitude in our relation to the nations of Europe, but we have had a difficult time in satisfying an American public opinion which does not know precisely what it wants except that it feels that America can somehow wave a magic wand and prevent all conflict in the Old World. I am sure you know from the official communications which you receive that we are agreed to be helpful in every consistent way possible. I thank you for your kindly references to the success of the administration. Please be assured that I have no apprehension or worries about the political future. The main thing to be concerned about is the success of the four years to which I am committed and one-half of which has been written into the history of American administrations. Perhaps everything has not been done as it might have been. Undoubtedly there are many disappointments which have an unfavorable reflex in American public opinion, but looking back over the period now I do not know of any course I would materially change, and I have every confidence that the foreign policy of the government is going to be wholly vindicated." Four months later, President Harding left the White House for a trip to Alaska and the western states from which he never returned, dying in San Francisco on August 2, 1923. Republican Myron T. Herrick was an old friend of Harding, having served as Governor of Ohio (1904-1906) while Harding was Lieutenant Governor. Appointed Ambassador to France by Taft (1912-1914), Herrick was reappointed by Harding in 1921 and served in Paris until his death in 1929. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Warren G. Harding Autograph Letter Signed "W. G. Harding" and, in a postscript "W.G.H.," two pages, 5.5" x 7", separate conjoined sheets. On his personal Marion Star stationery, Marion, Ohio, December 31, 1903. On November 3, 1903, nine weeks earlier, Myron T. Herrick and Warren G. Harding were elected Ohio's Governor and Lieutenant Governor respectively. They were inaugurated on January 11, 1904, eleven days after Harding wrote this letter to Herrick in Cleveland, addressing him as "My Dear Governor." In full, "The enclosed letter has reached me since I called you by telephone to trespass, with some embarrassment, anent your appointment of an assistant adjutant general. I don't want to become a 'knocker' or a meddler, but I can't resist affording you the information enclosed. The writer of the enclosed letter is the squarest fellow I ever met in politics. After you have perused the letter for your own satisfaction, please return to me. I trust you will do the justice to observe that I have no candidate to urge for this place." In a postscript, Harding adds "N. B. January 15 has been fixed for the little 'blow-out' here, as we talked. The fellows are counting on your coming and are rejoiced. I only mention this so you will put your date in note book. A happy new year, of course, to yourself and family." In 1910, Harding was the unsuccessful Republican candidate for Governor of Ohio; he was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1914. Herrick sought to join his former Lieutenant Governor in the U. S. Senate, but was defeated in the 1916 election. In 1921, President Harding appointed Herrick U.S. Ambassador to France. Herrick served until he died at the U.S. Embassy in Paris in 1929. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Warren G. Harding Typed Letter Signed "W. G. Harding" with long holograph postscript signed "WGH," two pages, 6" x 8", on first and third pages of separate conjoined sheets. Marion, Ohio, August 13, 1920. To L. H. Huston, International News Service, Cleveland. In full, "I have your letter of July 28th with its explanation of the circulation of the false story, relating to myself, circulated by your Columbus Manager. While I am disposed to accept your explanation, at the same time I can not but feel that there was an inexcusable carelessness exhibited in this instance. Here was a story of a golf game played on Saturday, reported in the Sunday papers and carried over as a Monday story and timed as a Sunday development. I might have felt perhaps less aggrieved had it not been that the Service carried, at the same time, a story to the effect that Governor Cox would not play golf on Sunday. I register a complaint in this instance, not only as a public servant temporarily occupying a place of some prominence and entitled to fair treatment, but also from that of a patron and client of your association, interested in the accuracy of the News service furnished by you and used by him and for which accuracy he had to assume a certain amount of responsibility. I think you owe it to yourself and to your association to see that steps are taken to prevent instances of this kind, and I leave the matter in your hands." In a 45-word handwritten "P. S." signed "WGH," Harding adds "I hope I need not add that I would not wish a man to lose his place because of an error. I have made a good many myself. I was chiefly annoyed to note an apparent design to injure in boxing and emphasizing the comparison."

On June 12, 1920, Ohio Senator Warren G. Harding was nominated for President on the tenth ballot at the Republican National Convention. On July 6th, Ohio Governor James M. Cox was nominated for President on the 44th ballot at the Democratic National Convention. Harding, owner and publisher of the Marion Star, and Cox, owner and publisher of the Dayton Daily News, were both newspapermen. Harding was an avid golfer, who, in 1921, brought his golf clubs with him to the White House from his Marion, Ohio, home. He was also an avid boxing fan. As President, he played golf two afternoons a week and followed boxing closely in the sports pages. It should be remembered that many, if not most Americans at the time felt that sports participation should not take place on the Lord's day. In fact, before 1934, some states still prohibited baseball games to be played on Sunday! The International News Service, founded by William Randolph Hearst in 1909, was the third largest news agency (next to the Associated Press and the United Press Association), combining with UPA in 1958 to form United Press International. After Hearst bought New York radio station WGBS in 1932, he renamed it for his news agency, WINS, still on the air today. Soiling, else in fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Warren G. Harding Typed Letter Signed "Warren G. Harding" as President, two pages, 7" x 9" conjoined sheets, typed on first and fourth pages. The White House, March 7, 1922. To Mrs. Caroline Kling, Daytona, Florida. In part, "I am in receipt of yours of March 3rd, in which you express your very great personal interest in having your nephew, Lieut. Colonel James K. Parsons, detailed as a student at the War College during the next term. I have not yet made inquiry as to the manner of making these designations, but I assume that a President can have some influence in the matter, and I mean to express the wish that Colonel Parsons shall be duly designated...Probably one of the greatest disappointments I have known personally in coming to Washington to participate in official life is that I have seen and known you so little after the development of so agreeable a friendship as family relationships in Marion brought about. You have also been very considerate and you are more than generous now in tendering to us the hospitality of your home in Daytona on the occasion of any visit to Florida...I rather suspect it will be a house-boat trip...Unhappily, when one is President, he can not go anywhere without being a good deal burdened by the incessant call of people for interview or conference, and there is always the pressure to call and pay respects to the office. This is all very pleasing, but it is not helpful when one wants a bit of rest and outdoor recreation...If we do go so far South as Daytona and come ashore you can be very sure that you will have a call." The next day, President and Mrs. Harding left Washington for St. Augustine, Florida, by train, then embarked down the coast on the houseboat Pioneer owned by Washington Post publisher Edward B. McLean. He did get to Daytona before returning to Washington. The Annual Report of the Director of The General Staff School for 1922-1923 shows that among the 111 officers who attended the Command and General Staff School at Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, for the year and graduated was "Lieutenant Colonel James K. Parsons, Infantry," so the President was successful in granting Mrs. Kling's wish. The next school they would attend would be the War College. General Staff School graduates who went on to the War College include Generals Eisenhower, Bradley, and Patton. Mrs. Caroline Kling was definitely a relative of the President's wife whose maiden name was Kling, for Harding mentions in this letter that after he moved from Marion, Ohio, to Washington (when he became U.S. Senator in 1915), he had hardly seen her "after the development of so agreeable a friendship as family relationships in Marion." A marvelous Harding presidential letter in which he writes of the advantages and disadvantages of being President. Fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

First Lady Florence K. Harding Autograph Letter Signed, "Florence Kling Harding," eight pages on U.S. Senate letterhead, 5.25" x 6.75", Washington, D.C., n.d., to Reddy Baldinger. A chatty, post-Christmas message to a friend about to ship off to France during World War I. An amusing period verse is included in the body of the letter. It reads: "My Tuesday's are meatless, / My Wednesday's are wheatless, / I am getting more eatless each day. / My house, it is heatless, / My bed, it is sheetless, They have gone to the Y.M.C.A. / My coffee is sweetless, / the bathroom is heatless, / Each day I get poorer and wiser. / My stockings are feetless, / My trousers are seatless, / ---- how I hate the damn Kaiser." Fine condition.
The recipient of this letter would live to return from Europe and serve as a military aide during the Harding Administration.

Calvin Coolidge Typed Proclamation Signed "Calvin Coolidge" as Governor of Massachusetts, one page, 8" x 12.5". Boston, January 30, 1919. A souvenir typescript of his proclamation announcing that "the 12th day of February is set apart as Lincoln Day and its observance recommended as befits the beneficiaries of his life and the admirers of his character, in places of education and worship wherever our people meet with one another." Governor Coolidge appropriately opened this proclamation, referring to Lincoln's birth, with "Five score and ten years ago that Divine Providence which infinite repetition has made only the more a miracle sent into the world a new life, destined to save a nation. No star, no sign, foretold his coming." Folds. Penciled collector's notes at top. Fine condition Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Herbert Hoover Typed Letter Signed "Herbert Hoover". Two pages, 7.25" x 10.5", personal letterhead, April 6, 1943. Though he served only one embattled term as President, Herbert Hoover (1874-1964) enjoyed three productive decades of public service on a global scale after leaving the White House. Raised in the Quaker faith, he was concerned with the issue of world peace throughout his long life. Dubbed "The Great Humanitarian" for his relief work during and after World War I, he pursued a similar course in the aftermath of World War II. In this wartime letter to William D. Mitchell typed in his apartment at the Waldorf Astoria Towers in New York, Hoover writes in part: "I receive constant demand or expression of hope for the formulation of more adequate, more realistic and more definite bases of peace policies. The issue is new since the last Party Conventions and will be at the door in another year. The subject should not be partisan, but the constructive views of Republicans would be helpful to the whole country. ...We proposed wholly new approaches to the machinery for making lasting peace so as to avoid another debacle like Versailles. Yours faithfully, Herbert Hoover" The letter is in fine condition, with two folds and a paper-clip mark in the upper left corner.

Herbert Hoover Signed Book: The Ordeal of Woodrow Wilson. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1958), first edition, 318 pages, illustrated, blue cloth with silver lettering on spine, 8vo (6.25" x 9.25"), signed and inscribed on the front free endpaper "To Mrs. Gladys T Bolanz with the Good Wishes of Herbert Hoover May 1 1958...". This book, when published, was a surprise to the literary world. Here was a former Republican president writing a book about one of his predecessors, a Democrat! To quote Hoover from this book: "...He was more than just an idealist: he was the personification of the heritage of the American people. He brought spiritual concepts to the peace table. He was a born crusader..." About very good condition, some minor staining on the cover, light shelfwear, and light soiling on edges.

Herbert Hoover Typed Letter Signed, one page on personal letterhead, 7.25" x 10.5", New York City, October 19, 1944, to Allen Sinsheimer, Chicago, Illinois. The letter reads in full: "I am sending your note in to the Republican 'brain mill' - not, of course, mentioning your name - and asking them to follow it up. It is always good to hear from you. I believe the tide is in Dewey's direction." With original envelope. Overall near fine condition save minor soiling and an old paperclip indentation. Excellent content considering that FDR won the 1944 election.

Herbert Hoover as President Typed Letter Signed, one page on White House letterhead, 7" x 9", Washington, D.C., May 15, 1930, to Allen Sinsheimer of Chicago, Illinois. The letter reads in full: "I was much gratified at the report which you sent me under date of May 13th. I will make some use of it publicly." With original stamped envelope. In near fine condition, with a few minor stains and smoothed folds. The recipient of Hoover's letter was with the National Association of Retail Clothiers & Furnishers; it is highly likely he was passing on some ill news to the President as the Depression's shadow grew longer.

Herbert Hoover Typed Letter Signed "Herbert Hoover," one page, 7.25" x 10.25". No place, August 23, 1933. To Allan Sinsheimer, The National Clothier, Merchandise Mart, Chicago. Marked "Personal" by Hoover. Writing less than six months after he was succeeded as President by Franklin D. Roosevelt, Hoover writes, in full, "I have your very illuminating letter of August 11. It gives me a good idea as to the momentary trends. I have had a great deal of anxiety as to what would happen to the small employers, particularly the retail dealers, under the necessity for increasing their payrolls. So many of them can not stand the expense of even the interim period, assuming that the whole plan proves so successful as to enlarge sales. I find a great many have retained their staff over all these years at a great loss and are now compelled to increase it. I assume, however, the Administration will endeavor to work out adequate measures to take care of these cases." The "plan" Hoover is writing about is most probably the National Industrial Recovery Act signed into law by FDR on June 16, 1933. Under Section 7(a) of the act, limits on the number of work hours per employee were instituted, making the work day available to more employees, thereby increasing employment. In addition, employees were not required nor prevented from joining a union as a condition of employment. In Allan Sinsheimer's industry, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers Union doubled its membership between early 1933 and mid-1934, from 60,000 to 120,000. It's interesting to note that Hoover expresses confidence in the Roosevelt Administration "to work out adequate measures" to help small employers adversely affected by the new act. Usual folds. Fine condition.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Typed Letter Signed to The Boy Scouts of America "Franklin D Roosevelt". One page, 7" x 8.75", Washington, D. C., no date, White House stationery, ink. The letter reads "BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA: As the old year draws to a close and another year brings us new opportunities of usefulness we must, as faithful Scouts, renew our determination to live up to the highest ideals of the Scout Law in fulfilling our duty to God, to country and to our fellow men. In this spirit I wish all my fellow Scouts a Merry Christmas and Happy New Year." It is signed at the bottom "Franklin D Roosevelt". Fine condition.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt Autograph Note,unsigned, one page, 4.75" x 8.5", n.d. The note reads, "Sec'y of War - Appointment of Chief of Infantry in place of Fongua-should not be Stone who was in Secy Hurley's office --- Get in touch with Gen' Haskell about this- He suggests Col. Mc. Neele-now instructor of our guard." Written on the verso of a recycled Senate letterhead scrap. Very fine condition.
Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Autograph Letter Signed, two pages, Hyde Park On The Hudson letterhead, 5" x 8", Hyde Park, New York, November 6, no year, to H. Curtis Ficking, Hyde Park. The letter reads, "I want to thank you for your kind letter. I want to have a talk with you on non-political subjects after the election, and will call on you if I may some day in the near future." Very good condition.
Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Franklin D. Roosevelt as Governor Typed Letter Signed and Document Signed, as follows: TLS, one page on NY Executive Mansion letterhead, 8" x 10.5", Albany, New York, March 12, 1931, to David Robinson, New York City. It reads, "Thank you for your note. I enclose a very brief statement on President Grover Cleveland for you to read." The document, one page, 8" x 10.5", reads, "Once more from the Executive Mansion in Albany in which Grover Cleveland lived when Governor of New York, I send my greetings to those who with me believe that President Cleveland's rugged honesty and unselfish public service will always bee an inspiration to the young men and young women of America." Both items very fine condition.
Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Franklin Roosevelt Typed Letter Signed, one page on New York Governor's letterhead, 8" x 10.5", Albany, New York, April 4, 1932, to Irene Boris, Brooklyn, New York. Replying to a schoolgirl, the soon-to-be president writes in full: "I have your note of March 24th and I am delighted to hear about the museum at your school. I am sure that you and your classmates will derive much pleasure in collecting material which is bound to have an educational as well as an historical value. For your collection I am sending you a book containing many interesting facts about our state." Bold signature, evenly toned paper.

Eleanor Roosevelt Autograph Letter Signed, "E.R., two pages, 6" x 7", New York City, to Henry Hooker, The White House, Washington, D.C. The letter reads in part, "I just didn't take time yesterday morning to stop but I do hope you had a happy Xmas. We shall visit you at Hyde Park...I 'll be back the 29th and we'll all be together New Year's Eve...". With original envelope, fine condition.

Harry S. Truman Typed Letter Signed and Original Top Secret Telegram. Two items created by 33rd President Harry S. Truman (1884-1972), both with excellent content. TLS: one page, 7.5" x 10", White House letterhead, January 15, 1949, to Assistant to the President (now called Chief of Staff) John R. Steelman (1900-1999) involving atomic energy. Truman writes in full: "I am concerned at the possible effect upon our national security of the continued deadlock in the United Nations over the international control of atomic energy. In particular, I would be interested in knowing the present status regarding exchange of atomic energy information with other nations-whether such information has been exchanged, the type of information or atomic materials involved and to what countries. It is my understanding that such exchanges have taken place with Great Britain, Canada and possibly other nations. Will you look into this situation and give me an informal report. You and the Atomic Energy Commission will understand, of course, that this entire matter is highly confidential. [signed] Harry Truman" Telegram: 5" x 8", includes "Special" sticker attached to top right corner, also to John R. Steelman, marked "Top Secret" in four places, reading in full: "EYES ONLY FOR JOHN R. STEELMAN / JUST RECEIVED CIA RPT CIA REPORT ON CHINA PD DO NOT ALLOW ECA RPT ECA TO TAKE ANY ACTION ON THIS MATTER WITHOUT DIRECT INSTRUCTIONS FROM ME PD / SIGNED HARRY S. TRUMAN" The bottom right corner includes information on the declassification of the item in 1995. The letter is in fine condition, with a paper clip mark in the top left corner; the telegram is in fine condition. Both are beautifully double matted with a fine 8" x 10" portrait of Truman as President and a 3.5" x 5" plaque engraved with information about his terms as Senator from Missouri (1935-1945) and President (1945-1953). The overall size as framed is 34" x 19.5" (the plexiglass includes two small scratches).

Harry S. Truman "Special Session of Congress" Speech Signed "Harry S. Truman" at the conclusion, four pages, 8" x 14", front and verso. Stapled together at upper left. Washington, October 24, 1947. This radio address was delivered from the White House at 10 P.M. that evening. On October 23rd, Truman had issued a rare presidential proclamation explaining that "an extraordinary occasion requires the Congress of the United States to convene at the Capitol" at 12 Noon on November 17, 1947. Printed at the top of this mimeographed speech: "Confidential: The following address of the President to be delivered by radio from the White House, must be held in confidence until released."

The Democrats were in control of Congress when Vice President Truman became President in 1945 after the death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In the midterm elections of 1946, the Republicans had won a majority in both the House and Senate. Truman had clashed with the now Republican-controlled 80th Congress over a number of issues. Earlier in 1947, Truman had vetoed the Taft-Hartley Act, which banned the closed shop and restricted the power of organized labor in a number of other ways. The bill was passed over Truman's veto. Twice in 1947, the 80th Congress passed tax cuts which Truman vetoed claiming they favored the wealthy. Looking forward to the presidential election of 1948, the Congress repeatedly blamed Truman for the nation's chief economic problem, inflation. So, on October 23rd, President Truman called the Republican-controlled Congress into session. If the Republicans had a solution to curb inflation, let them enact legislation.

In part, "I have called the Congress to meet on November 17th to consider the problems of high prices at home and emergency aid abroad...Our domestic prosperity is endangered by the threat of inflation. The peace of the world is endangered by hunger and cold in other lands. These obstacles must be overcome by prompt and courageous action. Legislation by Congress is essential. The need is too pressing - the results of delay too grave - for Congressional action to wait until the next regular session in January..." On December 27, 1947, President Truman signed Senate Joint Resolution 167 into law saying that he did so "with a sense of deep disappointment that the Congress has seen fit to take such feeble steps toward the control of inflation. At a time when nearly everyone in this Nation is feeling the pressure of exorbitant prices, the Congress has enacted a bill that is pitifully inadequate as a weapon against the high cost of living. I sign the bill reluctantly, but feel that I must do so because it contains some measures that are needed now. On November 17, 1947, I recommended to the Congress a 10-point anti-inflation program. I emphasized that all 10 points were essential to an effective program to win the battle against inflation. Senate Joint Resolution 167 contains appropriate legislation with respect to only three of the 10 points that were recommended. And these three points are of minor importance compared with the others...The three points, out of the November 17 10-point program which this bill covers are: extension of export controls, extension of allocation authority over transportation facilities and equipment, and authorization for expansion of the Department of Agriculture program of encouraging conservation practices in this country and authorization of measures designed to increase the production of food in certain foreign countries..." Truman's vetoes of the Taft-Hartley Act and proposed tax cuts and his berating of the Republican-dominated 80th "do nothing" Congress were important factors in turning his almost certain defeat in the 1948 presidential election to victory. Light pencil notations by previous owner. An historic signed speech by President Truman in very fine condition. Ex. Henry E. Luhrs Collection.

Harry S. Truman Photograph Inscribed and Signed on Mat, May 8, 1945-his 61st birthday and V-E Day Original 10" x 13" black-and-white portrait mounted in a 13" x 18" matte inscribed in full: "My best to Ed McKim, friend, buddy, advisor, Harry Truman 5/8/45" Ed McKim, who served as a sergeant in the field artillery battery commanded by Captain Harry Truman during World War I, later served briefly as an advisor to the President. The item, signed on the day "Victory in Europe" was celebrated (just a few weeks after Truman took office following the death of FDR), has been framed to 16.75" x 21". The photograph, matte and frame are in fine condition; the inscription and signature have faded considerably but are still legible.

Harry S. Truman 1925 Check Signed. Document is 6.25" x 2.75", partly printed and filled out in Truman's handwriting, dated May 23, 1925, on the City Bank of Kansas City, payable to T. J. Murphy for $59.00. This check was written during the time that Truman held his first elective office. He was a judge of the County Court of the eastern district of Jackson County, Missouri, an administrative position that he would lose in a bid for re-election later in 1924. One vertical fold, punch and rubber stamp cancellations with the stamp just barely touching the "H" in the signature, a tear on the lower left with a tape repair on verso. Otherwise very good condition. A numbered PSA/DNA Certificate of Authenticity is included.

Dwight D. Eisenhower 1945 Proclamation No. 1 to the People of Germany Signed "Dwight D. Eisenhower," 20.5" x 19.5" visible, matted to 27" x 26" and framed under glass. The upper half of the proclamation is in English, the lower half in German. Headed: "Military Government - Germany/ Supreme Commander's Area of Control/Proclamation No. 1." In part, "To the People of Germany: I, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, do hereby proclaim as follows: - The Allied Forces serving under my command have now entered Germany. We come as conquerors, but not as oppressors. In the area of Germany occupied by the forces under my command, we shall obliterate Nazi-ism and German Militarism. We shall overthrow the Nazi rule, dissolve the Nazi Party and abolish the cruel, oppressive and discriminatory laws and institutions which the Party has created. We shall eradicate that German Militarism which has so often disrupted the peace of the world. Military and Party leaders, the Gestapo and others suspected of crimes and atrocities will be tried and, if guilty, punished as they deserve. Supreme legislative, judicial and executive authority and powers within the occupied territory are vested in me as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces and as Military Governor, and the Military Government is established to exercise these powers under my direction...Resistance to the Allied Forces will be ruthlessly stamped out..." Eisenhower then suspends all German courts and educational institutions and instructs all officials, employees and workers to remain at their posts until further orders. Originally folded in eight, there are three vertical folds and one mid-horizontal fold. Undated. The Supreme Headquarter Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF)'s Proclamation No. 1, making General Dwight D. Eisenhower supreme authority in the areas of Germany under U.S.

control, was issued on February 13, 1944. It was reprinted in newspapers and on leaflets. This poster-size proclamation is extremely rare. It is the first one we have seen signed by Dwight D. Eisenhower and is in apparent very fine condition.

Dwight D. Eisenhower Signed "Short Snorter," also signed by Eleanor Roosevelt, Frank Knox, Omar N. Bradley, and many others on a 1939 Irish £1 Note from the "Lady Lavery" series. Ike has signed along the short side in the bottom margin on the verso of the note making his signature quite visible. A "short snorter" is a bank note signed and exchanged among servicemen, a very popular practice during World War II. Visiting dignitaries' autographs were often obtained on notes such as this one. The note measures 6" x 3.5" and it is framed between two pieces of glass to 7.5" x 5" overall. A few light stains and original folds, else very good.

John F. Kennedy Autograph Statement Signed "John Kennedy/April 8th" in pencil, two pages, 8.5" x 11", front and verso. No place, April 8, 1960. In full, "I talked today with Bobby Baker. He informed me that three weeks ago an attorney he knew named Mickey Wiener from Newark (?) Hudson Co. called him. Wiener states that if Sen. Johnson would give him 150,000 to the wife of 'a well known movie actor' (Baker did not know her name or who the actor was), she would file an affidavit that she had had an affair with me. Baker said he thought it was blackmail, and did not inform Johnson of the matter. He did tell Joe Alsop that he was concerned about an attempt at blackmail of me but did not go into the details." Bobby Baker was the Senate Majority secretary and a protégé of Lyndon Johnson who had not as yet announced his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination. Joe Alsop was a syndicated Washington political columnist. Signed to the left of Kennedy's signature, also in pencil: "Pierre Salinger/Apl 8, 1960." Present is a 9.25" x 4" white business-size envelope. It is torn open at one end. The flap is sealed with drops of red wax. Beneath the wax is the following, in ink: "Sealed by/Pierre Salinger/Apl 11, 1960/Witnessed by" to which Salinger's personal secretary has signed "Lenore Ostrow 4-11-60." The letter is lightly singed between the second and third lines on the second page from the hot sealing wax.

From The Kennedy Men: 1901-1963 by Laurence Leamer (HarperCollins, 2002): "Jack had a serious personal matter on his hands during the crucial West Virginia primary. His personal secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, put in her private files a handwritten, two-page letter dated April 8, 1960. Three days later his press secretary, Pierre Salinger, who has no memory of this incident, sealed the letter while being witnessed by his assistant."

The text of this letter follows. Leamer continues, "In his sexual adventures, Jack had begun a descent into provinces he once would never have visited. He had indeed seen a woman who was married to 'a well known movie actor.' She was Alicia Darr, the former wife of the French actor Edmund Purdom. Darr had apparently first met Jack in 1951, when, according to FBI reports, she was running a 'house of prostitution' in Boston. Darr moved to New York City, where, the FBI said, she rendered the same services but with the highest class of client. Darr made the transition from whore to mistress to wife of a movie star. Her marriage failed, however, and in the spring of 1960, Darr was in such financial trouble that she had been jailed for cashing bad checks, according to European papers. Clark Clifford, a powerful Washington lawyer and lobbyist, recalled that in the spring of 1960 he had been asked by Jack to deal with a matter so serious that 'public knowledge could have blown the Kennedy nomination out of the water.' If this was indeed the matter, whatever Clifford may have done to end this threat, there is no evidence that Darr blackmailed Jack." According to Seymour Hersh in The Dark Side of Camelot (Little Brown and Company, 1997), Clifford told him, in interview for his book, that he "handled the incident until it got 'to the point where I could turn it over to the Old Man [Joe Kennedy].' Clifford refused to say more about the matter, but did note that he made it a practice to have nothing to do with cash payoffs to women. 'When it got into this area, I was never involved.'"

On April 5, 1960, Senator John F. Kennedy won the Wisconsin presidential primary. After campaigning in Indiana April 7th and 8th, Kennedy returned to Washington in time to cast his vote on Friday evening, April 8, 1960, in favor of a Civil Rights bill. He may have handwritten and signed this

statement that evening in Washington. Why didn't Bobby Baker tell his boss, Lyndon Johnson, about the attempted blackmail? Why didn't Joe Alsop mention it in his column? Were the Republicans contacted about Alicia Darr after Kennedy won the nomination? Perhaps the most politically explosive Kennedy document ever to be offered at public auction!

Signed John F. Kennedy Student Pilot Log Book, approximately 100 pp., 7.5" x 5.5", Miami, Florida, May, 1944. Already a war hero on account of his adventures with PT-109 in the South Pacific, a recuperating John F. Kennedy was at the Submarine Chaser Training Center in Miami during the spring of 1944. While in Florida, Kennedy took flight lessons and kept this modest log. The book contains an early signature reading "John F Kennedy - Lt. USNR and identification information such as name, address and emergency contacts. These latter named are his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph P. Kennedy. Ten manuscript entries for local training flights in a Piper Cub are entered between May 19 and May 29, 1944, the last being a solo flight. A signature line, First solo OK Ed S 185018" is no doubt an endorsement by Kennedy's instructor. Very light aging as expected, very fine condition. A unique relic by any standard.

Good Association John F. Kennedy Typed Letter Signed on U.S. Senate, one page, 6.25" 9.25", June 5, 1956, to his future special Assistant Kenneth O'Donnell. In part: "I am sending the enclosed letter to members of the Committee and if you can think of any other people who should be invited... do so... I would like to have you at this meeting so you can let me know who the members of the Committee are that I do not know." Kennedy is likely referring to the Senate Select Committee to Investigate Improper Activities in Labor-Management Relations, to which O'Donnell had recently been appointed as Assistant Counsel. Signed "Jack", the letter has tiny staple holes at top left corner and is in near fine condition.

John F. Kennedy's Signed Telephone Credit Card, 3.5" x 2.25", for the year 1959. Issued by the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company, during Kennedy's tenure as Senator, the card lists his address as: "SENATE OFC BG #362 NE 25 / WASHINGTON DC". With a bold signature in blue ink, card has two tiny creases at top corners, and is otherwise in near fine condition.

John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, and Edward M. ("Ted") Kennedy Signed 1960 Presidential Campaign Poster Rare original political item signed by all three Kennedy brothers (the poster was originally signed by JFK and RFK; Ted's signature was added in 1991), 13" x 20". The signatures "John Kennedy", "Robert Kennedy", and "Ted Kennedy 91" are bold and un-faded on this red, white and blue "Kennedy for President / Leadership for the 60's" campaign poster. Double-matted and framed to a size of 20" x 27", the poster is in very good condition with minor wear and two small nicks at the base of the JFK image.

The Choate School 1935 Yearbook Featuring John F. Kennedy. Volume XXXVI of The Brief, the yearbook of the Choate School in Wallingford, Connecticut featuring the future war hero and president, John Fitzgerald Kennedy. A portrait of the young Kennedy is listed with his fellow sixth form classmates and a brief scholastic biography accompanies the portrait in which we discover that his nicknames were "Jack" and "Ken", that he resided at 294 Pondfield Road in Bronxville, New York, that he was on the golf squad, was manager of the Brief, and was heading to Harvard. Prophetically, his classmates voted him "Most Likely to Succeed". The internal contents of the yearbook are in near fine condition, however the spine is detaching with a large section missing, the front board has a large scar at one corner with abrasions to the edges of the boards. The yearbook is housed in a gorgeous modern custom quarter leather slipcase with six compartments between five raised bands, gilt titles, dark green cloth, matching inner box, in fine condition.

Two Pieces of Ephemera From JFK's High School, the first being a graduation program for the Choate School Class of 1935, four pages, Wallingford, Connecticut, May 25, 1935. The young John Fitzgerald Kennedy is listed inconspicuously among the graduates on the last page of this booklet. Light aging, very fine condition. The second item is an edition of The Choate News, six pages, folio, Wallingford, Connecticut, May 30, 1936. The paper, although issued after Kennedy left the school, still gives a good idea as to what the future president's high school environment must have been like. Folds, light aging and a few insignificant splits. Very good condition. Scarce memorabilia from Kennedy's early days before he received national attention for wartime heroics or political prominence.

Jacqueline Kennedy Inscribed Signed Photograph "For James Rogan best wishes Jacqueline Kennedy." A glossy 8" x 10" White House publicity shot with a pre-printed signature and sentiment above the actual inscription. The first lady is shown in her prime during the "Camelot" years. Bold inscription and autograph in dark blue ink.

Jacqueline Kennedy Autograph Note Signed, "Jackie," two pages, 5" x 3.75", New York City, January 2, 1965, to Evelyn Lincoln, Washington, D.C. The card reads, "As usual you are the most thoughtful person in the world & I just wanted you to know how much Caroline loved her gold horse charm and John his light-up Santa pin - which he especially likes to wear on his pajamas - so he can turn on the light when he is in bed & meant to be asleep! We send you all our love - and wishes for a better New Year." With free franked mailing cover. Evelyn Lincoln (1909-1995) was John F. Kennedy's personal secretary from 1953 until death. Like Jackie, she was in Dallas during the assassination on November 22, 1963. The above wish for a "better New Year" is a sentiment that no doubt followed what would have been a horrible 1964 for both women. Excellent condition.

Jacqueline and Lee Bouvier: Signed One Special Summer (New York: Delacourte Press, 1974), first edition, autographed and limited to 500 copies, unpaginated, illustrated, light-blue-fabric binding with dark-blue lettering and illustration, in slipcase, folio (10.75" x 13.5"). Then married to Aristotle Onassis, Jacqueline Bouvier (1929-1994), former First Lady of President John F. Kennedy, co-wrote this children's book with her sister, Lee Bouvier Radziwill (b. 1933). The book features reproductions of handwritten text and illustrations by both, as well as a selection of photographs. The half-title page is signed by both, "Lee Bouvier" and "Jacqueline Bouvier". The book is in fine condition, with no visible defects except for a bump on the top right corner. The light-blue-fabric-bound slipcase, which includes a 4.25" x 5.5" black-and-white photograph on the front, is in very good condition with moderate wear, fading, and a small piece of cellophane tape at the front bottom.

Jacqueline Onassis Inscribed: In the Russian Style. (New York: The Viking Press, 1976), first edition, edited by Jacqueline Onassis, 184 pages, inscribed on the half-title page "To Dan with admiration Jackie" (Dan Boorstin was Librarian of Congress (1975-1987), red cloth with gilt titles, dust jacket, 4to (8.75" x 11.75"), a few pencil lines throughout text, indicating passages Boorstin found intriguing (all erasable), minor rubbing to spine ends, very slight discoloration to base of spine, minor edge wear, dust jacket in protective sleeve, else near fine.

John F. Kennedy White House Matchbooks and Campaign Tabs. A lot of four unused 30 stick front strike matchbooks with "John F. Kennedy" in blue over a blindstamped White House on the front and the Presidential Seal in color on the back. Marked "Union Made A.F.L. Local No. 18734" on the bottom fold. Also included are two unused "KENNEDY" lithographed campaign tabs with union bugs. All excellent condition.

Jack Ruby Autograph Letter Signed twice and Autograph Manuscript "Jack" in light pencil. In all, seven pages on four sheets, 6" x 4", front and verso, written from jail. Comprises: (1) ALS, front and verso. In full, "Try to ask for Chief White and maybe he will let you up to see me. Jack. If he wont let you up, go to Sammies house. If you are going to Sammies house, let me know, also have Sammie call Eileen for me, so you get there. Jack. Answer this note." This first sheet is dated "Aug 8-1964" in ink in an unknown hand. Two tears at upper blank edge, light soiling. (2) Autograph Manuscript, second, third, and fourth sheets, undated and unsigned, noted by Ruby to be "II, III, IV." In full, "II Johnson has been appointing Jews in many high jobs such as Goldberg as ambassador to the United Nations, Sheldon Cohen as head of the Internal Revenue Service and Abe Fortas to the Supreme Court. This is his revenge psychology to make the world think that he is a friend of the Jews all the while knowing that they are being exterminated through slaughter and torture. III If that isn't the sign of the Nazi treachery than I don't know is. Tonite if you should make yourself inconspicuous where the trains pass by the triple underpass, a good place to park is in the rear of Union Terminal, and wait until after 8 or 9 P.M. you will see the longest freight train go by at a very slow speed, their doing that to show their respect to the late president and passing the site where the assassination had taken place. The trains go by and sort of dangle a few bells to acknowledge the fact that they passing. All this has come about because they have been able to frame me, that I was part of the assassination to silence Oswald. IV The World is in grave danger, and the democratic countries believe the U.S. to be their allies, where all the while they are going t

o be at the mercy of the Nazis, and be invaded at any time, and you know how the Germans feel about any of the countries that appeased them during World war II. Don't just kid yourself, the people who have control of this country are the Nazis who have the same allies they have had during War II. They re East and West Germany, japan, Egypt, all of South America. If Russia would be informed who her real enemies are, then in case of war America would'nt be bombed. Johnson would'nt love if Russia would bomb the U.S. just so they don't touch the axis countries and just the master race." Although undated, this second letter was written after October 4, 1965, when Abe Fortas succeeded newly appointed U.N. Ambassador Arthur Goldberg on the Supreme Court. Folds and soiling makes some portions difficult to read. Ink notations on each sheet in unidentified hand. Rarely does one come across anything by Ruby referring to President Kennedy's assassination or the theory that Ruby killed Oswald to silence him.

Jack Ruby Autograph Manuscript in pencil, not signed, two pages, 4" x 6", front and verso. No date. In full, "One nite about four in the morning, I had gone back to club, pick up Sheba, and as I got to the head of the stairs I heard the back door clang. I didn't know what to do, so I ran down to get my pistol but they had escaped through the back way from that time on I would never be without my pistol. Everything was sacked up ready to take out." At the bottom, in ink: "Police know about this" Ruby continues on verso, in pencil, "Once I made a girl Gail Rave (dancer) give a dog back to some fellow who claimed he was from the syndicate. Ralph Smith from the Stork Club in Houston asked me about this same person and I told him to stay away from him." Sheba was his dog, the same dog he left in his car on November 24, 1963, when he walked into the nearby Dallas Police Station and shot Lee Harvey Oswald with the pistol he always carried after the incident he relates in this manuscript. Slight separation at the edge of the mid-horizontal fold.

Two Richard Nixon Signed Documents Pertaining to His Resignation The first document is a bookplate printing of his August 8, 1974, "Address to the Nation Announcing the Decision to Resign The Office of the President of the United States" and reads in full: "In all my decisions that I have made in my public life, I have always tried to do what is right for the Nation. Throughout the long and difficult period of Watergate, I have felt it was my duty to preserve, to make every possible effort to complete the term in office to which you elected me. In the past few days however, it has become evident to me that I no longer have a strong political base in Congress to justify continuing that effort. Therefore I shall resign the presidency effective at noon tomorrow. [signed] Richard Nixon." The second, on White House letterhead, is a facsimile of Nixon's resignation announcement to Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger, reading in full: " Dear Mr. Secretary: I hereby resign the Office of President of the United States. Sincerely, [signed] Richard Nixon". Both items are tastefully matted alongside a familiar 8" x 9" photograph of Nixon to an overall size of 32" x 18". Documents and frame are in fine condition.

Richard Nixon Autograph Letter Signed "RN," one page, 7.25" x 10.5". Federal Plaza, New York City, July 29, 1985. To Bill (William Hyland). In full, "After reading your suggested draft I can see why the Council selected you as editor of Foreign Affairs. I hope the minor changes I have made meet with your approval." William Hyland served as editor of Foreign Affairs, the journal of the Council on Foreign Relations, from 1985-1995. He was the CIA's top Soviet expert before he worked in the Nixon State Department under Henry Kissinger and as President Ford's deputy national security advisor. The Council on Foreign Relations was founded in 1921 as an independent, national membership organization and nonpartisan center for those interested in the foreign policy of the United States. Never folded. Very fine condition.

Richard Nixon Autograph Quotation Signed "Richard Nixon". One page, 8.5" x 11", May 29, 1978, plain paper, black ink. A unique and fascinating autograph quotation signed by Richard Nixon. Headed "Sheet For Your Statement Or Quotation". A correspondent has sent Nixon a printed page asking for a statement, quote, or comment on the meaning of music to his life. Nixon has used the lower portion to handwrite the following, in full: "Music is the only truly international language. It transcends the political, religious, and racial differences which divide people and helps bring them together. Richard Nixon May 29, 1978". Very fine condition.

Richard Nixon Typed Letter Signed "RN, one page, 7.25" x 10.5". Woodcliff Lake, N.J., April 12, 1991. To Hon. William Hyland. In full, "Talk about going into the lion's den. I thought you would like to see a list of this who attended an off-the-record appearance I made at a Carnegie Endowment forum in Washington Wednesday. I guess they thought that by having me they would balance the fact that Alger Hiss was once their President!" William Hyland was the CIA's top Soviet expert before he worked in the Nixon State Department under Henry Kissinger. During the Ford administration, he was deputy national security advisor and served as editor of the journal Foreign Affairs from 1985-1995. A high official in the State Department, Alger Hiss had accompanied FDR to Yalta and had played an important role in the founding of the United Nations. After he left the State Department in 1947, Alger Hiss became president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He was serving in that capacity in 1948 when former Communist Whittaker Chambers, before the House Un-American Activities Committee, first made public his charges that Hiss was a Communist and had been a Soviet spy while he was working in the State Department in the 1930s. California Congressman Richard Nixon first gained national prominence when he was appointed head of the subcommittee that questioned Chambers and Hiss. On January 21, 1950, Hiss was found guilty of perjury for his testimony before a grand jury in 1948 concerning conversations with and passing documents to Chambers. He was sentenced to five years in prison. On November 8, 1950, Nixon was elected U.S. Senator and, in 1952, at the age of 39, was elected Vice President. When Richard Nixon died in 1994, after expressing sympathy for his family, 89-year-old Alger Hiss commented, "He left many deeds uncorrected and unatoned for." In 1999, th

ree years after Hiss died at 92, transcripts of Nixon's appearance before the grand jury were released, revealing that the then-California Congressman lobbied grand jurors to indict Hiss, suggesting names of witnesses they might subpoena and questions they might ask, and giving advice on how to interrogate Hiss. In this letter, written 43 years later, Alger Hiss is still on Richard Nixon's mind. Receipt date "Apr 17 1991" stamped in upper right, "file" in unknown hand. Fine condition.

Richard Nixon Color Photograph Signed on Mat. 5.5" x 13.25", Washington, D.C., c.1969-1971. The photograph, taken at a diplomatic signing event at the White House, shows President Nixon seated at the center table with Secretary of State William P. Rogers to his left. Notable individuals seated in the audience include First Lady Pat Nixon, Vice President Spiro Agnew, National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger, and Republican Minority Leader Gerald Ford. The matte features an inscription in calligraphy "To William G. Hyland / With appreciation for your efforts which made this possible," and is signed "Richard Nixon". William G. Hyland was a member of the National Security Council from 1969 to 1977, and currently is a senior fellow at Georgetown University. The photograph is in very good condition with some fading; the matte is very good with some corner bumps.

Gerald Ford Presidential Pardon Document Signed, "Granting Pardon to Richard Nixon / by the President of the United States of America / A Proclamation", one page, 8" x 10.5", Washington, D.C., after August 9, 1974. Bold Ford signature prominently placed in the center of the lower margin. Crisp, clean and in excellent condition. Here, in the immediate aftermath of the Watergate scandal, President Ford explains his rationale for not having the disgraced Nixon brought to trial. A great piece of American history many of us still remember.

Gerald R. Ford Signed Limited Edition: Global Stability An Address by Gerald R. Ford Visa International - Quebec September 8, 1980. (Northridge: Lord John Press, 1981), #58 of 100 copies, 29 pages, quarter black leather over marbled boards with gilt title and trim, in matching slipcase, miniature edition (2.25" x 3"). This is not to be confused with another, more common, edition of 400 numbered copies. As new condition.

Ten Gerald Ford Signed Color Photographs, 8" x 8.5". The nation's amiable 38th President has boldly autographed the lower margin of each print. Could those possibly be Reader's Digest Condensed Books on that shelf in the background? Excellent condition.

Ronald Reagan Presidential Speech Signed "Ronald Reagan" at top of first page, six pages, 8.5" x 14", separate sheets. Official White House press release, Office of the Press Secretary, Lisbon, Portugal, May 9, 1985. Titled "Remarks of the President/to the Assembly of the Republic/Assembly of the Republic Chamber/Lisbon, Portugal." Prior to his address, Communist Party Assembly members walked out in protest, so President Reagan's opening remark,"I'm sorry that some of the chairs on the left seem to be uncomfortable" drew laughter. Reagan had visited Germany (April 30 - May 6), Spain (May 6-7), and France (May 8) before arriving in Lisbon on May 8th. He left Portugal and returned to Washington on May 10th. In part, "For us, a long journey is ending now, but one fruitful in results and rich in memory. World leaders in summit conference, the youth of modern Germany, warm welcomes of the European Parliament and in Spain -- all these things we have seen and been grateful for...And now, at last, we have the honor of coming here to Portugal, a particularly fitting place for an American to make farewells as well as bring greetings..." Reagan then mentions "your countryman of five centuries ago, Joao Rodriguez Cabrilho, who discovered a very long stretch along the North American coastline that came to be known as California. In fact, some in my country claim I've been around so long that my ranch in the Santa Ynez Mountains was originally sold to me by Cabrilho himself." As the laughter died down, President Reagan expressed his admiration for "a small nation in the 15th century that refused to go the way of other war-ravaged European nations -- that spurned conflict and turned its talents instead to exploration, to adventure into new realms, to daring to dream, to believe in themselves and in the future. And this vision eventually doubled the size of th

e known world; and is rightly thought of as a signal event in human history..." Fine condition.

Ronald Reagan Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp Speech Signed "This is for you Ronald Reagan," three pages, 8.5" x 12.75", separate sheets. The third page only has the last two words of Reagan's speech, "Never agin (sic)." A fourth page, 8.5" x 10.75", has been added quoting from favorable German news stories about the President's speech. Headed "The White House/Office of the Press Secretary/(Bitburg Air Base, Federal Republic of Germany)/For Immediate Release May 5, 1985/Remarks of the President/at Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp/Federal Republic of Germany/12:10 P.M." Fifty thousand victims of the Nazis are buried in mass graves under mounds of heather at Bergen-Belsen. After laying a wreath at a camp memorial, President Reagan said, in part, "Here lie people -- Jews -- whose death was inflicted for no reason other than their very existence. Their pain was borne only because of who they were and because of the God in their prayers. Alongside them lay many Christians -- Catholics and Protestants...For year after year, until that man and his evil were destroyed, hell yawned forth its awful contents. People were brought here for no other purpose but to suffer and die -- to go unfed when hungry, uncared for when sick, tortured when the whim struck, and left to have misery consume them when all there was around them was misery. What we've felt and are expressing with words cannot convey the suffering that they endured. That is why history will forever brand what happened as the Holocaust...We learn from the Talmud that: 'It was only through suffering that the children of Israel obtained three priceless and coveted gifts: The Torah, the Land of Israel, and the World to Come.' Yes, out of this sickness -- as crushing and cruel as it was -- there was hope for the world as well as for the world to come. Out of the ashes -- hope, and from all the pain - promis

e...Nothing illustrates this better than the story of a young girl who died here at Bergen-Belsen. For more than 2 years Anne Frank and her family had hidden from the Nazis in a confined annex in Holland where she kept a remarkably profound diary. Betrayed by an informant, Anne and her family were sent by freight car first to Auschwitz and finally here to Bergen-Belsen...Somewhere here lies Anne Frank. Everywhere here are memories -- pulling us, touching us, making us understand that they can never be erased. Such memories take us where God intended His children to go -- toward learning, toward healing, and, above all, toward redemption...We're all witnesses; we share the glistening hope that rests in every human soul. Hope leads us, if we're prepared to trust it, toward what our President Lincoln called the better angels of our nature. And then, rising above all this cruelty, out of this tragic and nightmarish time, beyond the anguish, the pain and the suffering for all time, we can and must pledge: Never agin (sic)." Following his remarks, the President and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl traveled to Bitburg where President Reagan presided over a wreath-laying at the base of a brick cemetery tower looming over the graves of nearly 2,000 German soldiers, including 49 SS troops. Four sheets stapled together in upper left. Tiny spot beneath staple on first page. Fine condition.

Two Ronald Reagan Documents Signed Pertaining to Alzheimer's Disease, the first being a two-page, 8.5" x 11" facsimile of the November 5, 1994 manuscript public disclosure of his affliction. Boldly dated the following day and signed on the cover sheet. The second item is a one page, 8.5" x 11" typed transcript of the same letter signed in blue ink at the bottom. Stapled together, both documents are in excellent condition.

Ronald Reagan Signed Photograph,"Win one for the Gipper Ronald Reagan", 8" x 10" glossy still from the 1940 movie "Knute Rockne, All-American". The future president played George 'Gipper' Gipp in the film and took the nickname for his own in real life. A splendid piece of Reagan memorabilia in excellent condition.

Ronald Reagan Signed Photograph, "Ronald Reagan and Bonzo" 10" x 7.75", ca. 1951. A Universal Studios glossy re-print of the publicity photo promoting the movie Bedtime for Bonzo which starred Ronald Reagan, Diana Lynn and Bonzo the chimp. Bold signatures by Reagan, who also signs for the primate, good color. Excellent condition.

Presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush Signed Family Photograph also signed by first ladies Laura Bush and Barbara Bush, 10" x 8" (overall), inscribed. The printed color photograph shows 24 members of the extended Bush Family. Fine.

A Superb Archive of 94 Items from Former California Governor Edmund G. "Pat" Brown. Rarely, if ever, does one encounter privately-held groupings such as this including the private communications of five different American presidents to a major political figure.

Edmund G. "Pat" Brown was governor of California from 1959 through 1967, and one of the most influential Democratic Party powers of that era. He first defeated a popular Republican Senator, William F. Knowland by 20 points, and then defeated former presidential nominee and vice president Richard Nixon in an epic re-election campaign. Governor Brown's son, Edmund "Jerry" Brown, Jr., was elected to the first of two terms as California Governor in 1974, while daughter Kathleen was elected the state treasurer in 1990. She lost a gubernatorial bid in 1994.

Offered here is an outstanding grouping of letters and other items received by Pat Brown as governor. The Archive was given by Brown to a close political confidant, Frank W. Cullen, who co-founded the Edmund G. "Pat" Brown Institute of Governmental Affairs affiliated with California State University, Los Angeles. A bill of sale for the archive from Cullen to the present consignor accompanied this lot. Also included is a 2006 letter from California Secretary of State Bruce McPherson, the content of which confirms the legitimacy of Cullen's private ownership of these materials.

These letters, almost all of presidential date, deal with the important issues of the day, both to the nation and to California in particular: environmental protection, trade, civil defense, the Food for Peace and Alliance for Progress programs, unemployment, federal and state taxation, highway safety, shipbuilding and shipyards, the War on Poverty and the war in Vietnam, Watergate, and the crucial task of bringing government to the people. Of course, California being a basin state, many letters are concerned, in depth, with water - its conservation, development, and role in Mexico-United States relations. All of the letters are noteworthy for both their specificity - the concern, say, for steelhead trout - and for their sweeping sense of history.

The 22 President Kennedy letters emphasize America's role as the leader of the Free World, and so depict a president at once politically realistic and eloquently visionary. The 33 President Johnson letters evidence his famous grasp of the nuts-and-bolts governance. Both are telling portraits, set against the vivid history of the growing West.

Richard Nixon is represented here with five surprisingly warm letters - three as president, including an excellent one about Watergate. The three Ronald Regan letters, two as governor and one as president, are cordial, and the six Trumans, one is stellar: the ex-president writes about the political wisdom of the American people and how he, as president, responded to it.

The content of the letters is uniformly fine and the condition, throughout, excellent.

JOHN F. KENNEDY

"President Kennedy was shot today"
1. [ASSASSINATION] The very first Associated Press Wire Bulletin announcing that the president had been shot:

"DALLAS AP- President Kennedy was shot today just as his motorcade left downtown Dallas. Mrs. Kennedy jumped up and grabbed Mr. Kennedy. She cried, "Oh, No!" The motorcade sped on."

Brown has written "November 22nd 1963" at top, and below noted "First word of assassination given to me by Jack Bundy [press secretary] - I was with Hale Champion [Executive Secretary].

One page, octavo, no place [AP Wire Service], November 22, 1963. In fine condition. Extremely rare.

Candidate Kennedy Courts and Teases
2. Typed Letter Signed ("Jack"), with Autograph Addendum, one page, quarto, United States Senate, May 7, 1959. To "Pat." Three key phrases underlined; the direction to "file" in an unidentified hand; number stamped. In fine condition.

Brown's history with JFK began in 1956, when he initially backed the young senator for Vice-President - only to sandbag him at the last minute, giving California to Kefauver. Now, three years later, Kennedy was gearing up to run for the presidency and Brown again found himself at the heart of national political calculations. Candidates were routinely swinging by California to court the governor. Kennedy came too, and visited Brown at the Governor's Mansion - an infamous gingerbread pile, rat-infested and creaking, located on a major thoroughfare in the middle of downtown. This letter memorializes that meeting - and showcases Kennedy's dry wit.

I want to express my thanks to you and Mrs. Brown for the many courtesies you extended during my short visit to California. Let me offer as well my congratulations for the splendid work you have accomplished for the past few months. Indeed, I have heard warm praise for you up and down the state.

I strongly recommend that the next order of business before the Legislature should be an appropriation bill which would provide for moving the Mansion to a more serene location. It is the least they should do for you.

Again, my appreciation.

[in autograph] Many many thanks for your hospitality. I will look forward to seeing you sometime soon.

The Campaign's "Farm Problem"
3. Typed Letter Signed ("Jack"), one page, quarto, on the decorative letterhead of the "John F. Kennedy For President" campaign (replete with JFK headshot), Washington, September 19,1960. To "Pat." Secretarial notations at top; a key phrase underlined. Received and number stamped. In fine condition.

Six weeks before what would be the closest American election ever - until, of course, the year 2000 - John Kennedy was not taking a single vote, or contributor, for granted. Eight percent of the US population were farmers, and their support could swing the election. As the campaign heated up in August, Kennedy announced the formation of the Farmers for Kennedy-Johnson Committee. Its purpose was to send representatives to every farm in the nation - "farm gate to farm gate" - to bring in the vote. The Committee would work closely, too, with farm organizations, farm-youth groups, and farm cooperatives.

Now, with Election Day looming, Kennedy discusses Governor Brown's suggestion as to how the campaign might best be advised on enlisting the support of California's $3.2 billion dollar agricultural industry.

Thank you for your recent letter suggesting Mr. James Y. Camp to help advise on the farm problem during the coming campaign.

As you know, we have established a Farmers for Kennedy-Johnson organization and I am taking the liberty of forwarding your letter to this group so they may take advantage of the services of Mr. Camp. Thanks for your help.

On the Environment: Conservation is Our Modern Frontier
4. Typed Letter Signed ("Jack"), one page, quarto, on the decorative letterhead of the "John F. Kennedy For President" campaign (replete with JFK headshot), Washington, October 28, 1960. With autograph correction, changing the typed "Governor Brown" in the salutation to "Pat." Secretarial notations at top; key phrase underlined. Received and number stamped. In fine condition.

As the campaign entered its final weeks, both Kennedy and Nixon reached out for the environmental vote, with JFK issuing a "Statement on Soil and Water Conservation" on October 4th and Nixon countering on the 11th a position paper on "Conservation of Our Land and Water Resources." Brown, as a member of the "Committee of Natural Resources", then submitted a report to Kennedy entitled Resources of the People. Here JFK, in reply, makes clear his position on the environment - which, he says, has been ignored by the media.

...As I have frequently said during the campaign, resources conservation and development is our modern frontier - the basic task which must be undertaken to assure America's growth and strength now and throughout the future, not only in the material sense, but in recreational and spiritual values as well.

The report fills a need in the present campaign, and will be of great value in the period that follows. I have expressed my views on every major phase of resource conservation during the campaign, but other issues have generally filled the headlines. As a result, there has not been the emphasis on conservation matters which I would have liked. Your report, which coincides with my views...is consequently of immediate value in...giving needed emphasis to the subject matter...It is now being printed for wide distribution.

I have had prepared extracts from my campaign materials reflecting my views of pollution, forests, recreation, wilderness, fish and wildlife, small watersheds, park and shorelines. Youth Conservation Corps, and soil conservation. A copy is enclosed...

All Democrats are indebted to you for...this splendid report.

My personal regards and thanks.

A Rare Presidential Document
5. Document Signed, as President, partially printed and accomplished in manuscript, one page, giant oblong folio, being the appointment of Edmund G. Brown of California as a Member of the Civil Defense Advisory Council;
Washington, June 29th, 1961. With wafer Seal. Very rare, condition. In excellent condition.

In the days when schoolchildren routinely practiced "duck and cover" drills against atomic attack, an appointment regarding Civil Defense -being the mobilization, organization and direction of the civilian population, to minimize, by passive measures, the effects of enemy action against all aspects of civilian life - was considered of vital importance. Not until this recent era of Terrorism, in fact, would Civil Defense again be deemed so crucial to the national interest.
Brown's term was set to expire in January, 1964.

Playing Defense: Understand Problems Abroad, Increase Vigor at Home
6. Typed Letter Signed, as President, one page, quarto, on green White House letterhead, Washington, August i, 1961. To Governor Brown. Discreet secretarial notations at top; key phrase underlined*, number stamped. In fine condition.

On August 20,1961, President Kennedy - acting under the basic Federal premise that responsibility for Civil Defense was vested in him - issued an order assigning major responsibility for Civil Defense to the Secretary of Defense. Civil Defense, he proclaimed, reached into virtually every phase of government and national life, and central coordination was crucial. Brown, as Governor, was statutorily empowered to regulate California's Civil Defense, but agreed to work closely with the Secretary of Defense. Here a grateful Kennedy responds to his support

/ want to express my appreciation for your personal pledge of support after my report to the nation last week. There will be a great continuing need to enhance public understanding of our problems abroad and our need for increasing vigor as a society here at home, and I know you will help provide that in California and the entire Western sector of our country.

I particularly want to acknowledge the national leadership you have provided in the civil defense field, and know I count on your continued assistance.

Food For Peace New Life and Hope for Millions
7. Typed Letter Signed, as President, quarto, on green White House letterhead, Washington, January 17, 1962. To Governor Brown. Discreet secretarial notations at top; key phrase underlined; date and number stamped. In fine condition.

Americans have a long history of giving food to other countries. President Madison sent emergency aid to Venezuelan earthquake victims in 1812; Herbert Hoover oversaw huge feeding programs in the 20s; Truman's post-war Marshall Plan fed Western Europe; and Eisenhower's Agricultural Trade Development Assistance Act (Public Law 480) directed that surplus commodities be donated to the needy overseas. President Kennedy emphasized the importance of PL 480 to the U.S. - and the rest of the world - by renaming it "Food for Peace" and placing it in the newly created U.S. Agency for International Development. "Food," he said, "is strength, and food is peace, and food is freedom, and food is a helping to people around the world whose good will and friendship we want." In January 1961, as one of his first official acts, Kennedy signed an Executive Order expanding the Food for Peace Program. Here he notes that California, with its 108,000 record-producing farms, had a fundamental role to play in the success of this important endeavor.

...I wish to congratulate you and the citizens of California for the contribution you are making to this significant program.

California's agriculture is playing an important role in bringing new life and hope to millions of people throughout the world.. The abundance of your farms and ranches is fundamental to the success of the Food for Peace Program. I congratulate you and your fellow Californians for making this possible.

I hope than many citizens will be able to participate in...our Food for Peace effort

Taking Government to The People: The White House Regional Conferences
8. Typed Letter Signed, as President, one page, quarto, on green White House letterhead, Washington, February 9, 1962. To Governor Brown. Secretarial notations in top right corner, squiggles in top left; date and number stamped. In fine condition.

The purpose of the Kennedy's innovative White House Regional Conferences was to ensure that the government in Washington remained close to the American people at home. Representatives of various Federal agencies and departments traveled to major cities to talk to informed and interested citizens about the difficulties they faced, and what government might do help solve their problems. Chief among the issues addressed were employment and social security for older citizens. Governor Brown, Kennedy writes here, played an active role in making the Conferences a success.

...I feel the Conferences were a unique experiment in which Federal, State and local officials communicated directly and understandingly with each other and with the people of America.

The exchange of ideas stimulated by the Conferences will enable our nation to move forward at an increased rate toward its goal of a more bountiful life for all the people.

I was most gratified by the response to the Regional Conferences...and am particularly grateful for your active participation.

"Statesman of the World" Dag Hammarskjold
9. Typed Letter Signed, as President, one page, quarto, on green White House letterhead, Washington, March 8,1962. To Governor Brown. A key phrase underlined; number stamped upper right. In fine condition.

Secretary-General of the United Nations Dag Hammarskjold was killed in a plane crash in September 1961; awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, posthumously, in December that year; and still very in the public consciousness in March, when Brown proposed that a Redwoods Grove be dedicated as a memorial to the diplomat. Kennedy here champions the suggestion, and notes that U.N. Ambassador Adlai Stevenson has taken the memorial up with the United Nations.

The Dag Hammarskjold Memorial Grove in Humboldt Redwoods State Park was dedicated in 1968.

/ want to thank you for your letter concerning the proposal to dedicate a memorial grove in the Redwoods...to the memory of Dag Hammarskold. I understand that Ambassador Stevenson has taken this up with the United Nations and expects to have an answer shortly.

This would be an inspiring memorial to a man who must properly be considered a statesman of the world. I hope your proposal carries through and that the millions of people from all lands who will visit the grove in years to come will find serenity and renewal in these two perfect symbols of poised strength - Dag Hammarskjold and the Redwoods of California.

The Water Project That Created Modern California
10. Typed Letter Signed, as President, two pages, quarto, on green White House letterhead, Washington, March 15, 1962. To Governor Brown. Secretarial notation in top right corner; a key phrase underlined; number stamped upper right. In fine condition.

Water lies at the bottom of California's prosperity, and the history of the state is largely the history of water development. Northern California is wet, Southern California is dry, and in the middle are the fanners: getting the water to where it is needed is the fulcrum on which power is poised. This detailed letter concerns the Federal interest in California's need for sufficient water to serve the widest range of human, agricultural and industrial purposes. At issue is the Auborn-Folsom South Unit Authorization Act, which was to result in the Auborn Dam and Power Plant, Sugar Pine Reservoir, Folsom-South Canal, and in recreation and fish and wildlife enhancement facilities. Aspects of the bill - Washington being what it is - are still pending.

Kennedy was keenly interested in water resources, and in his March ist Special Message to the Congress on Conservation, mentioned the Aubum-Folsom South Unit project specifically. In this letter, he quotes from that passage: "The lead time is long in the development of water resources. Years are required to plan and build sound projects. Time should not be lost..."

Thank you for your apprising us of the need for multiple-purpose water resource development of the American River...

The Secretary of the Interior, in his report...on the Auborn-Folsom South Unit Central Valley Project, also pointed out the urgency of early authorization and construction of this Unit Accordingly, his report has been submitted to Congress for consideration. The Secretary has also submitted his report on legislation to authorize construction of the proposed development In addition, the Senate and House Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs have held hearings... A solid front of support for the enactment of that legislation was presented by representatives of the Executive branch, by congressional sponsors of the legislation, by State and local representatives, and by an impressive array of other witnesses representing the affected counties, cities, and water users' organizations.

The Auborn-Folsom South Unit is precisely the type of water resource development I advocated in my recent message to the Congress on Conservation. In fact, this was one of the five projects specifically mentioned when I said, 'The lead time is long in the development of water resources. Years are required to plan and build sound projects. Time should not be lost on those projects which have already been transmitted to the Congress for authorization.

...We are fully in sympathy with the desire of the state of California for the early realization of the many benefits which will result from construction and operation of the Auburn-Folsom South Unit To the maximum practical extent we will continue toencourage and support legislation to this end.

Settling a Water War
11. Typed Letter Signed, as President, one page, quarto, on green White House letterhead, Washington, n.d. (marked received 3/2/62). To Governor Brown. Secretarial notation and number stamped, top right; a key phrase underlined. In fine condition.

Goose Lake lies between the borders of California and Oregon: which state got its water was, for years, a source of conflict. In 1961, the Goose Lake Compact Commission was formed in the interests of comity, equitable apportionment of the water, and orderly development. Governor Brown asked the President send a Federal representative to the Commission; here Kennedy declines, and suggests the terms under which he will accede to Brown's request. He calls for the establishment of an interstate administrative agency first; only then he will appoint a Federal representative to join the advisory members from California and Oregon.

Your interest in the establishment of a cooperative effort in the area of Goose Lake through the California Commission is appreciated. I feel this will be an important contribution toward full utilization of water resources in this area.

However, I prefer not to designate a Federal Representative without the usual legislation. Perhaps you can have a member of the California delegation to introduce a bill along the lines enclosed: this was the legislation used to grant Congressional consent to the States of Kansas and Nebraska to negotiate the Big Blue River Compact...

Presidential Maneuvering to Maintain Vital Pacific Shipyards
12. Typed Letter Signed, as President, one page, quarto, on green White House letterhead, Washington, April 16,1962. To Governor Brown. Date stamped and number stamped, top right; secretarial notation and key phrase underlined; "Federal LEGIS"' stamp upper left. In fine condition.

The Marine Merchant Act of 1936 - considered the Magna Carta of the U.S.M.M.-recognized not only the need for direct subsidies to cover the cost differentials between American and foreign shipbuilders, but between East and West Coast shipbuilders as well. Pacific Coast shipbuilders whose bids were not more than 6 percent higher than those of Atlantic Coast shipbuilders were granted contracts. The Act further stipulated that contracts were to be awarded equitably among all ports. This arrangement was threatened, however, when in 1962 the House of Representatives voted to eliminate the Pacific Coast shipbuilders 6 percent differential. An alarmed Governor Brown wired the President. Here Kennedy tells Brown not to worry: if one part of the Act is repealed, he will just use another part of it to insure the viability of California's shipyards.
I have your wire of April 10th expressing your concern over the possible repeal of the six percent differential for West Coast shipbuilders.

As you know, on April 11,1962, the House of Representatives passed H.R. 1159 to repeal the differential after defeating by a vote of 147 to 83 an amendment that would reduce the differential to four percent in accordance with the result of the Maritime Administration study. The bill however, has not yet been acted on by the Senate.

I share your view of the importance of maintaining shipyards on all coasts of the United States. Accordingly, if the bill is enacted, you may be assured that serious consideration will be given to the needs of shipyards on all coasts in the award of contracts for ship construction under the Merchant Marine Act, 1936,

I appreciate your concern and your efforts on behalf of the people of the State of California.

A Forerunner of the Environmental Protection Agency
13. Letter Signed, as President, one page, quarto, on green White House letterhead, Washington, April 30,1962. To Governor Brown. Stamped "Gov. Personal Federal in upper left corner; secretarial notation "Clair Engle" [California's U.S. Senator]; a key phrase underlined; received and numbered stamped. In fine condition.

The Water Pollution Control Advisory Board was established in 1948 as a division of the Public Health Service. Its mandate to was to monitor, and where possible control, interstate pollution. Governor Brown suggested that the President place on the Board the renown water expert, California's William E. Warne. This letter concerns the appointment - which Kennedy would, in fact, make.

Thank you for your recent endorsement of the Honorable William E. Warne for appointment to the Water Pollution Control Advisory Board.

Vacancies will occur on June 30,1962, and you may be assured Mr. Warne will receive every consideration when these appointments are considered.

Your interest in Mr. Warne will be remembered.

Trade: Meeting the Challenges Which Confront Us as Leaders of the Free World
14. Typed Letter Signed, as President, one page, quarto, on green White House letterhead, Washington, May 24, 1962. To "Pat." Bearing a secretarial notation, "John F. Kennedy Trade Expansion Act". Stamped "Federal LEGIS in upper left corner, received and number stamped in right; key phrase underlined. In fine condition.

In 1962, Kennedy's greatest economic worry was the country's balance-of-payments. The United States was buying more than it was selling - and the international trade deficit of $5 billion dollars gave foreign nations the power to claim their debts in gold-backed U.S. dollars. In order to prevent a bank run, Kennedy needed to boost trade: he wanted the authority to negotiate lower tariffs, and he wanted power, too, to compensate American workers whose jobs would be lost to foreign competition. This was the basis of the Trade Expansion Act, introduced in his January State of the Union Message - and which would eventually see passage nine months later. But in May, the issue was far from settled; here the President stumps for the Act, shoring up support as he sings its praises.

Thank you for your telegram in support of the trade program which was presented to me at the dinner of the Coordinating Council of Organizations on International Trade Policy last week.

I appreciate your interest and that of your State in the enactment of strong new trade legislation which will enable us to grasp the opportunities and meet the challenges which confront us as a nation and as leaders in the free world.

World Leadership Depends on Environment Protection
15 Typed Letter Signed, as President, one page, quarto, on green White House letterhead, Washington, June 8,1962. To Governor Brown. Secretarial notation at top; received and number stamped; key phrase underlined. In fine condition.

Contrary to the joke that the only conservation issues JFK cared about were the ones affecting the beach at Cape Cod, the truth was that not since Theodore Roosevelt had an Administration been more devoted to preserving the environment. In May 1962, at a White House Conference on Conservation, the President firmly allied himself with the environmental movement. "We want this administration, this Government, to be identified with this cause," he said, "I can think of no more suitable effort for an administration which is concerned with progress than to be identified in a sense with past efforts and future efforts to preserve this land and maintain its beauty." Here he declares, in even more exalted language, the necessity of conservation:

Thank you for your telegram concerning the White House Conference on Conservation. I am grateful for your expression of interest in and support for the Conference. Both our position of world leadership and our standard of living rest upon the wealth of natural resources which we have inherited. Widespread public understanding of sound natural resource policies is therefore essential...

I am especially pleased that the emphasis on recreation at the Conference has been of service to you in your efforts to initiate a greatly expanded park and recreation program for the people of California...

Protecting the Unemployed
16 Typed Letter Signed, as President, two pages, quarto, on green White House letterhead, Washington, June 21, 1962. To Governor Brown. A key phrase underlined; date and number stamped. In fine condition.

About a quarter of a way through his first State of the Union Address, Kennedy announced his number one proposal. Within the next 14 days, he said, he would ask Congress to enact measures to improve unemployment insurance. A year and a half later, Kennedy was fighting to expand benefits to a heretofore-uncovered group of workers: those with nonprofit organizations. That could be done better, he argues here, on the Federal rather than the State level. In this connection he
backed a bill sponsored by Senator Eugene McCarthy - who, a half-dozen years later, would be battling Robert Kennedy for the presidency.

I appreciate and share your interest in the extension of unemployment insurance coverage to new groups of employees. The workers in nonprofit organizations, many of whom are in the lower wage brackets, are particularly in need of protection. S. 499 represents one approach to their protection, through a method of encouraging states to act It would not in itself give any protection to anyone.

A different approach to the protection of nonprofit workers is embodied in the comprehensive proposals I made to Congress last year, which were introduced as H.R. 7640 by Representative Cecil King of your State, and as S. 2048 by Senator Eugene McCarthy of Minnesota. Those bill provide a provision extending coverage of the Federal Employment Tax Act to nonprofit organizations. In my opinion, the mandatory approach is preferable, since voluntary action by States has not proven a very effective way to extend coverage on a broad basis.

...I would not want to support action on S. 499 independent of Congressional consideration of broader questions of unemployment insurance coverage.

...I have several times indicated my desire to have Congress give prompt consideration to basic improvements in the Federal-State unemployment insurance program. I shall continue to urge the earliest possible action in this area... Various alternative ways of protecting nonprofit workers under the unemployment insurance program will be explored and a satisfactory approach, I am sure, be developed.

Preserving Salmon and Steelhead Trout Fisheries: A National Concern
17. Typed Letter Signed, as President, one page, quarto, on green White House letterhead, Washington, Aug 21, 1962. To Governor Brown.. Secretarial and file notations; key phrase underlined; date and number stamped. In fine condition.

Fishery conservation, especially as applied to salmon and steelhead trout, has long been of vital interest to environmentally-minded Americans. Here President Kennedy tells the Governor that the preservation and enhancement of California's natural resources is of national concern: "it will strengthen our hand in international negotiations," he writes, "and advance our long-range plans..."

Your letter regarding the Administrations program for the preservation and enhancement of individual natural resources is highly appreciated.

The legislative proposal...would authorize the Secretary of the Interior, in cooperation with your Department of Fish and Game, to take appropriate action to preserve and develop the salmon and steelhead trout and other fishery resources of the streams entering the Pacific Ocean from the State of California. These resources...are of national concern. It is imperative that they be given adequate protection and, where possible, increased in abundance.

The program will strengthen our hand in international negotiations, and will advance out long-range plans for fishery conservation. We are pleased, therefore, to know you are solidly behind Mr. Miller's bill.

Conservation: Evidence of State and Federal Progress
18. Typed Letter Signed, as President, with a 1-word autograph correction, by which the salutation is changed from "Governor Brown" to "Pat", one page, quarto, Washington, on green White House letterhead, August 28, 1962, To Governor Brown. Key phrase underlined; number stamped. In fine condition.

At the dedication of the San Luis dam in Los Banos on August 18th, President Kennedy remarked that one merely had to look at the surrounding landscape to see the need for this water project. Before him lay the greatest and richest crops in the country; a mile away, the same earth was brown and dusty and useless. What most pleased Kennedy was that the project showed what could be done when the Federal government worked closely a State, and the State with the local community. "There is no other project in the history of the United States where a State has put in such a large contribution to the development of its own resources," Kennedy said, "and where the National Government has joined with the State." The San Luis Dam symbolized the steps necessary to stop the spread of urban blight into the countryside - and this, the President concluded, strengthened the United States of America.

Here the President acknowledges the pleasure he took in participating in that impressive event:

My thanks to you...for your most hospitable welcome to me on my recent visit to California for the groundbreaking ceremonies at San Luis damsite.

It gave me great pleasure to participate in that impressive event; and to see this evidence of progress in the development of our water resources. It is particularly heartening to know that this is the result of the close cooperation of State and Federal agencies.

A Spy Facility With a Sportfishing Pier
19. Typed Letter Signed, as President, two pages, quarto, on green White House letterhead, Washington, January 29, 1963. To Governor Brown. Key phrase underlined; date and number stamped. First page in fine condition; second page bearing two small spots, not affecting text or signature.

A naval spy facility - for, say, communications, environmental testing, electronic materials, radio transmission and reception, and radar and sonic development -was, this letter reveals, to be built at Point Loma in San Diego. The idea was to convert a large ship into an "electronic platform," and for the platform to be anchored about a half mile offshore. A rock breakwater and a floating pier would then be constructed to connect the land with the platform. Exactly now and why the California Fish and Game Commission got involved with the project is not spelled out, but the pier was to be available for fishing on weekends and holidays - unless, of course, the Naval Electronic Laboratory was conducting experiments. The Department of Defense, however, was prepared to pay for everything. But until Congress appropriated the money for the spy station cum fishing pier, Kennedy advised that the State would be wise to hold onto the option to buy the existing sewer trestle - sewage outfall being a part of the deal.

On January 18, the Under Secretary of the Navy, the Honorable Paul B. Fay, Jr. ["Red" Fay was Kennedy's longtime buddy: he position as Under Secretary was conferred entirely in the name of friendship] met with...a member of the California Fish and Game Commission, to discuss the Point Loma fishing pier situation in San Diego. It is my understanding that the following points of agreement resulted from this meeting:

The Navy will create an electronics platform in the form of a large ship drawn from the Reserve Fleet. This platform will be anchored...off Point Loma and several thousand feet north of the existing outfall sewer trestle. A rock breakwater will be constructed... A pier will be constructed to connect the land with the electronics platform. This proposed pier will consist of a rock causeway for one-third of its length, and a floating pier for the remainder of the distance.

When the pier is completed, the Navy will allow fishing from it on Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays. On occasions when the Naval Electronic Laboratory is conducting experiments, this privilege will be denied,

The Department of Defense's proposed Budget, now before Congress, includes $5.5 million to cover the initial construction of costs of this pier... It is recommended, however, that you retain your option to buy the existing sewer trestle...until we can be assured of the final Congressional position....

Tax Revision: Crucial to Defense and Freedom
20. Typed Letter Signed, as President, two pages, quarto, on green White House Letterhead, Washington, April 8, 1963. To Governor Brown. Secretarial notation; key phrase underlined; subject, date and number stamped.

By the Fall of 1963, President Kennedy was chiefly focused on the economy. Taxes were to high, revenues too low. The solution, he said, was to cut taxes to raise revenues. But tax reform wasn't just about the economy, because the economy was intricately bound up with national security, and national security was the basis of America's position of leadership in the Cold War. His tax revisions, he writes here to Governor Brown, were crucial to American defense and freedom.

Thank you for your letter...in which you outline some of the major considerations in evaluating the importance of the Administration's tax revision proposals to the State of California.

Your analysis demonstrates the beneficial impact of the proposed tax revisions on such critical problems as unemployment, economic growth, and the provision of adequate revenues to meet the needs of your State. In terms of the very real interests of the people of California, this appraisal underscores some of the key factors this Administration has taken into account in recommending basic tax revision in 1963.

As I indicated to Congress in my Tax Message earlier this year, the most urgent task confronting our Nation today is to end the waste of unemployment and unused resources, to step up our rate of economic growth, and to strengthen our economy and therefore the revenue base. In my judgement, tax revision is crucial to the attainment of these goals which in their totality must be achieved if our Nation is to meet fully its commitments for defense and freedom.

Your State...epitomizes the stake which all our States and localities have in a balanced revision of the tax system to increase both consumer purchasing power and incentives to invest.

I was particularly interested in the estimate...that the tax revision legislation which I have recommended would...increase your State revenues by some $100 million to $150 million in the fiscal year 1965-6.1 can well appreciate that this would indeed by the decisive margin in determining whether your State would have to raise taxes or impose new taxes. This demonstrates in forceful and concrete terms a range of considerations sometimes overlooked in the discussions of the tax revision question, budgetary matters, and the role of more moderate income tax rates in contributing to a more vigorous and expanding economy
.
It is most gratifying and helpful to me to have your evaluation, as Chief Executive of a great State...

Reaching an Amicable Accord With Mexico
21. Typed Letter Signed, as President, two pages, quarto, on green White House letterhead, Washington, July 8, 1963. Secretarial notations, key phrase underlined, date and number stamped. In fine condition.

The longstanding dispute between Mexico and the United States over shared water resources was as simple as the United States used water from the Rio Grande, which originated in Mexico, and Mexico used water from the Colorado River, which originated in the States. The Mexican Water Treaty of 1944 -negotiated chiefly in deference to Mexico's status as a wartime ally - allocated a portion of the Colorado's water to Mexico. This raised another problem: the United States construed the Treaty to mean that Mexico could be given waters of any quality - return flow or seepage, say - whether usable or not. The Mexican view was that the water has to be usable and of a quality equal to that delivered to the United States users. In 1962, the Mexican Government formally protested to the United States Government regarding the saline quality of Colorado River water delivered to the Mexicali Valley. At the request of the State Department, the governors of the seven Colorado River Basin States formed the Committee of Fourteen (comprised of two water experts from each of State) to report back to the Department, and to the International Boundary and Water Commission, on the Mexican water salinity problem. Here President Kennedy discusses in great detail how, in the interests of international comity, an amicable agreement with Mexico might be achieved - and the needs of the Basin States served.

Thank you far your transmitting a copy of the ...report of the Committee of Fourteen concerning the salinity problem on the lower Colorado River.

My Science Advisor and his staff have been working closely with representatives of the Departments of State and Interior considering various proposals for handling this matter. We agree with the Committee of Fourteen that in the interests of international comity every effort should be made to reach an amicable agreement with Mexico. In considering the possible alternatives, I am sure you appreciate the full implication of the Committee's statement that "...the solution must be without detriment to the joint and separate interests of the concerned entities with the seven Colorado River Basin States..."

...I signed the Fiscal Year 1963 Supplemental Appropriation Act which...appropriates $6 million to...construct certain facilities designed to alleviate the salinity problem. High priority is being given to expediting construction...[to] thereby lesson peak salinity during the winter of 1963-1964. A number of alternatives under active considering appear to offer means of reducing salinity during the summer months...while at the same time protecting [Arizona's] District lands.

...I appreciate having the Committee's report and your comments. Please be assured that this has, and will continue to receive, my personal attention.

Problems With Civil Rights Legislation
22. Typed Letter Signed, as President, two pages, quarto, on green White House letterhead, Washington, July 18, 1963. With a single punctuation mark -changing a comma to a semi-colon - in autograph. Key phrase underlined; date, number and "Gov. Personal" stamped. In fine condition.

On June 19,1963, President Kennedy sent to the hill the most far-reaching civil rights bill in the country's history - and there it stayed, at the center of national debate, until President Johnson managed to get it passed a year later. The summer of '63 saw California wrestling with civil rights legislation, too. The Rumsfeld Act - officially known as the Fair Employment and Housing Act - was, even with the Governor's support, subjected to a barrage of attacks and obstructions. In this wonderful letter, one besieged politician - the President -teases, consoles and lauds another.

Many thanks for the picture [depicting the Governor in a awkward pose], which I am framing for my office.

Don't be too disappointed about the legislature; we are having some problems here also. You have done an outstanding job as Governor and the people know it.

On The Death of His Infant Son
23. Typed Letter Signed, as President, with a one-word autograph correction, by which the salutation is changed from "Governor Brown" to "Pat", one page, quarto, Washington, on green White House letterhead, August 14, 1963. Secretarial notations upper left corner; date stamped. To "Pat." In fine condition.

The death of a child, at any age, is unbearable - and Kennedy's anguish at losing his infant son, Patrick, was terrible. Here the President responds, five days later, to a message sent to him by Governor Brown - whose official title he has crossed out, and written instead, "Pat."

Mrs. Kennedy and I were most grateful for your kind message during our recent loss.

Your personal expression was a source of strength and encouragement to us both.

A Trip to Promote Conservation - and Gearing Up For '64
24. Typed Letter Signed, as President, with a one-word autograph correction, by which the salutation is changed from "Governor Brown" to "Pat", one page, quarto, Washington, on green White House letterhead, October^, 1963. Key phrase underlined; stamped "Gov. Personal", and date and time stamped also. To "Pat." In fine condition.

The purpose of Kennedy's September '63 three-day swing through eight states -Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, Utah and California - ostensibly was to promote conservation; that it provided him with an opportunity to gage the public temper, with an eye to '64, was, assumedly, just a happy fillip. Here he notes California's great progress in the field of conservation - and the warm welcome given him by citizens.

The conservation trip which just ended gave me the distinct pleasure of meeting with you and seeing firsthand the tremendous strides you have been made in the field of conservation in your State. I greatly appreciated the warm welcome given us by your citizens.

I enjoyed seeing you and I want to thank you for your many courtesies to me and my staff during our stay there.

Driving It Home: Getting the Governors Aboard His Tax Program
25. Typed Letter Signed, as President, one page, quarto, on green White House letterhead, November 5,1963. To Pat, Penciled one-word secretarial notation' date and number stamped. In fine condition.

His tax reform program was on infinite hold in Congress; the Council of Economic Advisors predicted a significant slowdown unless it passed: Kennedy needed all the support he could get. Here he stresses the importance, on a State and local level, of his proposed revisions - and coordinates with California's governor how they might, together, bring other governors aboard.

Of special note is the date of the letter: in less than three weeks, the President would be killed.

Thank you for sending me a copy of the letter in support of the tax program which you are sending to the other 49 Governors. I think that the message you are carrying is an important one which ought to be driven home to state and local officiate who are concerned with financing the costs of their governments. The Treasury Department has much useful information based upon studies of the Joint Economic Committee and its own staff showing the significant impact of the tax program in each state. We shall be very pleased to make this information available for your use and to help you in following it up.

"Dress Dark Suit."
26. [ASSASSINATION] Original Western Union Telegram informing the Governor of funeral arrangements for President Kennedy, and inviting him to attend, one page, oblong octavo, Washington, November 22, 1963. Signed in print by George W. Ball, Acting Secretary of State. To the Honorable Edmund G. (Pat) Brown, Governor of California.

On Saturday, November 23 at 2:30 pm the body of the late President Kennedy will lie in repose at the White House and may be visited by you and your family from 2:30 pm to 5pm. On Sunday, November 24 the body will lie in state until the following day at the Rotunda of the Capitol. On Monday, November 25 funeral services which will consist of a Pontifical Requiem Mass will take place at Saint Matthews Cathedral at 12 noon. Dress dark suit. Please inform the chief of Protocol by telegram in you will be able to attend.

Mass Cards
27. [ASSASSINATION] Three original Mass Cards from the Requiem Mass for President Kennedy, all giving the dates of his birth and date, with two with the dates of his Inauguration and his assassination as well. Also a Bereavement Card, bearing the Kennedy family crest, reading "Mrs. Kennedy is deeply appreciative of your sympathy and grateful for your thoughtfulness."

Jackie Kennedy on the History of JFK's Administration
28. JACQUELINE KENNEDY. Typed Letter Signed, one page, octavo, on her black-bordered "Mrs. John F. Kennedy" letterhead, no place, January 29, 1965. To "Dear Governor." Key phrase underlined; date and number stamped. In fine condition.

The John F. Kennedy Library was dedicated in 1979 - at which point its had been sixteen years in making. Jacqueline Kennedy was involved in every step of the process, from the personal thank-you notes written to contributors to determining the shininess of stones placed at the site's water edge to the gathering of the vast amounts of primary research material about John Kennedy and his presidency. One aspect of the Library in which she took a great interest was in its innovative use of audio and visual resources. The Oral History Project began in 1964 - and Pat Brown's recollections were among the Library's first interviews.

Here the former First Lady thanks Brown for his participation: someday, she says, it will be of the utmost importance.

It is with the deepest appreciation that I write thanking you for the time and effort you have devoted to the oral interviews for the John F. Kennedy Library.

Your contribution will - in future years - be of the utmost importance to those compiling a history of the President's administration, and I shall always be grateful to you for the part you have played in this project


LYNDON B. JOHNSON

All as President, all Typed Letters Signed, with Lyndon or, mostly, in full - on green White House letterhead.

- Dec. 2, 63. "I need your help and support in the difficult days that lie ahead...[in autograph] Pat I'm depending on you in the West."

- Dec. 10, 63. "My Administration is firmly committed to the Alliance for Progress... We deeply appreciate your...great support, and you will have mine..."

- Sept. 15, 64. "There are many memories I will always cherish...at the head of the list, I shall always be personally grateful to you for...placing my name in nomination before our convention... I could not be more proud...for the work we doing here and the work we do together."

- Dec. 10, 64. Early Internet history! Detailed letter about channeling Federal funds to the States - especially for "'non-defense, high technology' R&D efforts." LBJ looks forward to dedicated Federal funds on this front, independent of Federal grants to state and local governments.

- Jan. 14, 65. Discusses funding for the Great Society's keystone Economic Opportunity Act - the centerpiece of LBJ's legislative agenda - and refers to the work of Director of the War on Poverty, Sargent Shriver.

- Feb. 12, 65. Discussion "on the adverse effect farm wage rates established by the Secretary of Labor."

- Mar. 13, 65. Excellent letter re the coordination of inter-departmental secretariats and the Basin States to resolve the crises concerning the effects of the Mexican Water Treaty of 1938. The issue is the salinity problem of the Colorado River water "traded" to Mexico.

- March 30, 65. Arizona's water fight shifts to Congress: LBJ discusses the effect of the Secretary of the Interior's Report on the passage of California Representative Sisk's water bill.

- April 12, 65. Thanking Brown for a wire, probably congratulating LBJ's on the Elementary and Secondary Education Bill at an emotional ceremony the day before: Brown's wire meant more than he can say: "From the heart I say thanks."

- May 27, 65. LBJ as environmentalist. Long letter regarding the administrative and legislative aspects of coordinating the Land and Water Conservation Fund of 1964, designed primarily to protect fisheries, with the Land and Water Conservation Act of 1965. The latter directed Congress to allocate money for the purchase of land, waters, wetlands, forests, wildlife refuges and other key resource lands (including lands important to the protection offshore fisheries), and to provide matching grants for state and community open space projects. LBJ is optimistic that each of these programs will "serve the needs of our urban population to the maximum extent possible.

- June 24, 65. Regarding California's general reaction to Great Society programs. Details the case for "anti-agribusiness" proposals, and notes Governor's interest "in the advancement of soil and water conservation on the privately owned lands of America."

- July 1, 65. Responding to letter concerning urgent Federal help in the wake of 1964 Alaskan tsunami - which generated waves of more than 20 feet at Crescent City, California, and caused $7.5 million in damage and 11 deaths. LBJ reports on what the Federal government is doing to help the city recover.

- Sept. 8, 65. Brown funded in the expansion of public schools and universities in a burst of growth unequaled in the history of the U.S. LBJ acknowledges^ this "inspiring example of progress toward achieving the twin goals of American education - to broaden its opportunities and to improve its quality." Specifically comments on how this was achieved, and its value to the nation.

- March 13, 66. Excellent Vietnam content LBJ grateful for support - show of unity - "not one dissenting vote...dismays our enemies." Hopes Brown will carry Pro-War message from Governors White House Conference home: "those families who have loved ones in Viet-Nam win be pleased and heartened." Final paragraph, in part: "There win be difficult days ahead. The road we win travel will not be an easy one. But valuable prizes are never won cheaply. Our commitment to justice and freedom is too deeply ingrained to be rotted out. With your help and the leadership and support... we will surmount this challenge."

- March 24, 66. Two full pages about "unbearable" carnage wrought by staggering rise of highway accidents. "It is fifty times the number of Americans killed in Vietnam last year. In fact, our most tragic casualty lists are those that show over 7,000 young soldiers killed on highways here at home - almost three for every one fallen in Vietnam." Discusses at length the Traffic Safety Act of 1966 as the keystone to averting "more anarchy on your roads and agony in our homes."

- Apr 6, 66. LBJ pleased to have had opportunity to chat with Brown "about problems that face this country and...ideas that may have within them cheerful solutions to these problems."

- Nov. 3, 66. Concerning adequate supplies of pure water throughout world. Praises California's unique and impressive credentials for helping others. Discusses Governor's offer to help in U.S. foreign assistance program to developing nations.

- Jan 6, 67. Re ex-Governor's visit: "One of the privileges of the Presidency is the opportunity it affords for sharpening the mind and opening the heart with the ablest of Americans." Praises Brown's counsel, talents and achievements. Invites him to call, without an "engraved invitation" whenever he is in Washington...

- Feb 27, 67. Rare autograph postscript. Discussing Secretary of State's report on Latin American meetings and possible Summit there. Notes in autograph, "I'll ask Dean Rusk to give me a reading and then get in touch - L."

- March 16, 67. Document, co-signed by Secretary of State, appointing Brown member of National Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal Laws. This blue ribbon body commission enjoined by Congress in 1966 to develop a new federal penal code. Brown served as Chairman

- March 16, 67. Rare presidential Order appointing Brown Chairman of the National Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal Laws.

- June 23, 67. Autograph Sentiment Signed on elaborate program for Presidential Ball, "To Pat & Bernice, With gratitude for your friendship..."

- Nov. 9, 67. Interesting California content: "happy to hear you and Sam Yorty have joined forces for the good of the Party and Nation. Your unity will surely add vital strength to our purpose." Yorty, the reactionary Mayor of Los Angeles, and Brown detested one another. Brown, in fact, enjoyed cordial relations with all his political foes - except Yorty, whom he truly despised.

- Apr 4, 68. Excellent content re LBJ's decision not to run in '68. Bedeviled by the War in Vietnam - and the bitter division over it - he writes "My decision was not an easy one, but I have the faith to believe that it will prove wise and healing in helping to unite Americans and so assist the work of peace. There is no higher or more urgent interest... With God's help and good hearts to guide us, all our people may now place this nation's future above any personal advantage or concern..."

- Nov. 22, 1968. Five years to the day that Johnson assumed the Presidency upon the murder of Kennedy, LBJ - who had been elected by the largest majority of any modern chief executive! - lightly discusses his remarkable retirement. "Your kind offer to come and help me with my teaching chores in Texas is most encouraging. Don't think I won't hold you it."


HARRY S. TRUMAN

Truman on the Political Wisdom of the American People.
Typed Letter Signed, one page, quarto, on his personal letterhead, Independence, October 19,1966. To the Governor of California, Edmund G. "Pat" Brown. In fine condition.

Unable to make a visit to California in support of Brown's third-term candidacy, Truman tells Brown what "in substance I would have said to you if I could have made the journey." In so doing, plain-spoken Harry Truman delivers what, in effect, is his political credo:

Trust to the good sense and good judgement of the people. I always did.

I have known the people to prove themselves to be much smarter than certain high-powered operators took them to be.
For the people never knowingly vote against themselves, - or their best interest, - or their future, - or their welfare, - or the good of their country.

The people, may for a time, get confused or diverted by clever propaganda, or slick press agents - but not for long. When they think things through for themselves, the people will always vote for what is in their own best interest and that of their country.

A superlative letter!

Truman Asks Governor Brown Not to Persecute.
Typed Letter Signed, with five-line autograph addendum, one page, quarto, on his personal letterhead, Independence, April 28, 1961. To the Governor of California, Edmund G. "Pat" Brown. In fine condition.

He might have come to power through the notorious Pendergast machine and thrived in the clubby U.S. Senate, but Harry Truman hadn't any use for cronyism in politics. It was one thing to enjoy having his Missouri pals around him - his White House, sniffed Joseph Alsop, was like "the lounge of the Lions Club of Independence" - but quite another to give them jobs, or protect them from the consequences of their not always too bright actions. And if he wouldn't intercede for his close friends, he certainly wasn't going to bother himself, or anyone else, with taking care of high-class folks back home. Which is exactly why this Truman letter is so unusual, and provocative: here he says he doesn't do this kind of thing, but please, would California's Governor "Pat" Brown not persecute someone from a "topnotch" Missouri family...

You are as kind as you can be to write me as you did on the 15th,

The only interest I had in this situation is that the family that Dr. William J. Bryan belongs to is a topnotch one in this state and I was hopeful that he would not in any way be persecuted. I do not make a habit of doing things of this sort and I hope you will forgive me this time...

The Dr. William J. Bryan of concern to Truman may well have been a grandson of William Jennings Bryan who had settled in Los Angeles. A medical doctor, minister, and attorney, Dr. Bryan was a Svengali-like figure, known for his pioneering work in hypnosis and mind-altering drugs. Indeed, he is credited with having developed narcohypnotic techniques to induce mind control and selective amnesia, such as those used in the film The Manchurian Candidate - a film on which he apparently served as an advisor.


RICHARD M. NIXON

"What this country needs more than a good President is a good baby sitter!"
Typed Letter Signed, with initials ("R.N."), as president, one page, small quarto, on White House letterhead, Washington, November 16, 1972. To Edmund G. "Pat" Brown, two-term Governor of California; he defeated Nixon for governor in 1962. In fine condition.

Way back in 1950, Richard Nixon was running a smear campaign against Helen Gahagan Douglas - "the pink lady" - for a seat in the Senate, and Pat Brown was feeding leaked letters to the press, branding his opponent for California A.G. a cynical opportunist. The ploys worked, and both Senator Nixon and Attorney General Brown began the marvelous ascent to better things, and the tops of their respective spheres. In this fond letter written 32 years later, Nixon recalls their shared political history, and jokes, one pol to another, that maybe what the country needs isn't a president, but a baby sitter!

Your thoughtful note of November to brought back many memories of those years we have met on the campaign trail - going clear back to 1950 when I was elected to the Senate and you were elected Attorney General.

Incidentally, many might say that what this country needs more than a good President is a good baby sitter!

Pat joins me in sending our best to Bemice and to you

Nixon, Victorious, Responds Warmly To Man Who Once Defeated Him
Typed Letter Signed ("Dick"), as President-elect, one page, small quarto, on the letterhead of the "Office of the President-Elect", 450 Park Avenue, New York City, December 19, 1968. To Edmund G. "Pat" Brown, two-term Governor of California. In fine condition.

It took Dick Nixon eight years to win the presidency. Along the way he lost it, once, and a race for governor of California as well. The defeat by Pat Brown was especially galling to the man who had been elected to Congress at thirty-three, the Senate at thirty-seven, and the vice-presidency at thirty-nine - an age at which Brown was still in his first year as San Francisco District Attorney. Nixon was so disheartened by the loss he decided to quit politics altogether. "You won't have Dick Nixon to kick around anymore," he told the press the next day, "Because, gentlemen, this is my last press conference." But if Nixon was anything, he was resilient - popping back up, like the college tackling block that he once was, to engage in the game, again and again. Losing to Kennedy in '60, by a hair; losing to Brown in '62; losing the presidency to imminent impeachment in '74; losing, even, his license to practice law in '76 - and coming back, one more time, as a respected elder statesman. This remarkable letter marks the first, and surely the sweetest, of his comebacks.

Only the long ordeal of selecting a Cabinet has delayed my response to your very gracious letter of November 7.

From the times out paths crossed on the campaign trail in 1950, I have had the warmest regard for you personally, and after what happened in 1962, a healthy respect for you politically!

I look forward to seeing you on some occasion in Washington. Pat joins me in sending our very best wishes for Christmas and the New Year.

Winning is the best revenge.


RONALD REAGAN

Reagan Looks for an Answer "Once and For All" on Tax Relief & Welfare Reform.
Typed Letter Signed ("Ron"), as Governor, one page, quarto, on his official letterhead, Sacramento, December 2, 1970. To the Governor of California, Edmund G. "Pat" Brown. In fine condition. Accompanied by a copy of Brown's letter to Reagan dated November 11,1970, which Reagan answers here.

In 1966, an area of the United States stretching, comparatively, from Boston to Savannah, and the Atlantic almost to Ohio, was holding an election for Governor. An experienced and highly effective incumbent was running against a newcomer to politics, a man who had never even fought before a city council The neophyte, far from disguising his lack of experience, called himself a "citizen politician" and promised, first and foremost, to lower taxes and cut welfare. When the votes were counted, California had a new Governor: Ronald Reagan. He raised taxes, left welfare intact, and four years later won re-election in a cakewalk.
Here the newly re-elected Reagan replies to ex-Governor Brown's letter of congratulation, in which Brown offered to share whatever thoughts he might have growing out of his twenty-three years in government - chief among them, the necessity for a state withholding taxes for wages.

Thank you for your kind and gracious letter. I look forward to touching bases with you and having your counsel on some of the problems which, as you well know, have a way of cropping up beginning first thing in the morning.

I am sure we will have withholding of state income tax, and I hope it will come as part of a reform that will bring some relief at the local level to the homeowners. That seems to be one area of our tax program that unduly penalizes a segment of the citizenry.

It is frustrating, as I know it must have been for you, to have what you refer to as an investment in the future reduced and delayed because of excessive spending in such areas as welfare. It is for this reason I am determined to see if we can't find an answer once and for all which will allow us to provide for those with true need, but will at the same time put a limit on the help now being extended to those who cannot be legitimate welfare cases...

Reagan "once and for all" reformed welfare, and lowered taxes, in his second term.


In our opinion the signatures on the following items are either autopen or secretarial, but these are none the less historically important, original communications from United States presidents to a prominent governor: John F. Kennedy, 1/21/59, 11/17/59, 6/13/61, 4/2/62; Lyndon Johnson, 1/11/64, 1/25/65, 8/9/65, 3/24/66; Richard Nixon document, 12/29/70. All others are believed to be actual signatures.

This lot consists of:

Harry S. Truman 4/28/1961 Dr. Wm. J. Bryan
Harry S. Truman 5/19/1964 Thank you
Harry S. Truman 11/3/1964 Thank you for note concerning health/recovery
Harry S. Truman 5/20/1965 Thank you for birthday wishes
Harry S. Truman 5/16/1966 Thank you for birthday wishes (82)
Harry S. Truman 10/19/1966 Best wishes/good luck in upcoming Nov. election (which he lost)
Richard Nixon 1/14/1964 Best wishes
Richard Nixon 12/19/1968 Merry Christmas from Dick & Pat
Richard Nixon 3/17/1969 Thank you for De Costa quotation
Richard Nixon 10/16/1972 Thank you for note/letter
Richard Nixon 5/24/1973 Thank you for letter re: Watergate
Ronald Reagan 7/15/1968 Thank you for letter re: honoring chairmen of State Park Commission
Ronald Reagan 12/2/1970 Thank you for letter re: Reagan's re-election as Gov.
Ronald Reagan 2/10/1981 Thank you for telegram
Jacqueline Kennedy Thank you for contribution to Kennedy Library
Jacqueline Kennedy Memorabilia from luncheon honoring JFK postage stamp
Jacqueline Kennedy Memorabilia from JFK Memorial in Arlington Natl. Cemetery
Edmund Brown signature - The only Brown signature in the archive
Edmund Brown 2 photos of Brown and his wife
Lyndon Johnson "A Message from the President"
Lyndon Johnson Program from White House performance honoring the Prime Minister of Iran
Lyndon Johnson Signed copy of LBJ State of the Union address 1964
Ferdinand Marcos 6/22/1968 Signed copy of Marcos speech at dedication of Pacific War Memorial
John Kennedy 1/21/1959 Letter re: site of Democratic Convention in LA
John Kennedy 5/7/1959 Thank you letter for hospitality while in Calif.
John Kennedy 11/17/1959 Thank you letter for hospitality while in Calif.
John Kennedy 9/19/1960 Re: Suggestion of James Camp as campaign advisor
John Kennedy 10/28/1960 Thank you for report on conservation
John Kennedy 6/13/1961 Request for Brown to serve as Honorary State Chairman of USO
John Kennedy 8/1/1961 Thank you for support
John Kennedy 1/17/1962 Re: American Food for Peace Council in San Francisco
John Kennedy 2/9/1962 Thank you for help with White House Regional Conference Report
John Kennedy 3/8/1962 Re: Proposal for memorial to Dag Hammarskjöld in CA redwoods
John Kennedy 3/15/1962 Re: Water Resource Development
John Kennedy 3/29/1962 Re: Water Resource Development
John Kennedy 4/2/1962 Re: Council on Youth Fitness
John Kennedy 4/16/1962 Re: Shipyard maintenance
John Kennedy 4/30/1962 Re: Appt. of Wm. Warne to Water Pollution Control Advisory Board
John Kennedy 5/24/1962 Re: Trade legislation
John Kennedy 6/8/1962 Re: Conference on Conservation
John Kennedy 6/21/1962 Re: Unemployment insurance
John Kennedy 8/21/1962 Re: Fish and Game preservation in CA
John Kennedy 8/28/1962 Thank you for hospitality while in CA
John Kennedy 1/29/1963 Re: Point Loma fishing pier in San Diego
John Kennedy 4/8/1963 Re; Tax revision in CA
John Kennedy 7/8/1963 Re; Colorado River
John Kennedy 7/18/1963 Thanks for photo
John Kennedy 8/14/1963 Thank you for condolences (Jackie's miscarriage)
John Kennedy 10/7/1963 Re: CA Conservation
John Kennedy 11/5/1963 Re: Tax Program
Jacqueline Kennedy 1/29/1965 Re: JFK Library
Jacqueline Kennedy Telex re: JFK shooting in Dallas
Jacqueline Kennedy Telegram inviting Browns to JFK Funeral
Lyndon Johnson 12/2/1963 Need your help/support
Lyndon Johnson 1/1/1964 Telegram - thank you for support
Lyndon Johnson 1/11/1964 Re: Voter registration
Lyndon Johnson 2/7/1964 Telegram - Re-appointment to Civil Defense Advisory Council
Lyndon Johnson 6/4/1964 Re: State delegates for Dem. Convention
Lyndon Johnson 9/15/1964 Thank you for nominating LBJ at convention
Lyndon Johnson 10/2/1964 Thank you
Lyndon Johnson 12/10/1964 Re: Federal-State-Local fiscal relationships
Lyndon Johnson 12/18/1964 Thank you for photo album
Lyndon Johnson 1/14/1965 Re: Economic Opportunity Act
Lyndon Johnson 1/16/1965 Re: 1965 State of the Union
Lyndon Johnson 1/25/1965 Re: Education
Lyndon Johnson 2/12/1965 Re: Farm Wage rates
Lyndon Johnson 3/13/1965 Re: Colorado River
Lyndon Johnson 3/22/1965 Signed White House menu
Lyndon Johnson 3/30/1965 Re: Bill before the House
Lyndon Johnson 4/12/1965 Thank you
Lyndon Johnson 5/27/1965 Re: Conservation
Lyndon Johnson 6/24/1965 Re: Great Society Program
Lyndon Johnson 7/1/1965 Crescent City, CA harbor improvements
Lyndon Johnson 8/9/1965 Conference on Natural Beauty
Lyndon Johnson 9/8/1965 Re: Governor's Conference on Education
Lyndon Johnson 12/6/1965 Re: Ratification of 25th Amendment to the Constitution
Lyndon Johnson 1/18/1966 Re: 1966 State of the Union Address
Lyndon Johnson 3/13/1966 Re: Governor's Meeting at White House
Lyndon Johnson 3/24/1966 Re: Traffic Safety Act of 1966
Lyndon Johnson 4/6/1966 Thank you
Lyndon Johnson 11/3/1966 Re: Clean Water
Lyndon Johnson 1/6/1967 Happy New Year - standing invitation to the White House
Lyndon Johnson 2/27/1967 Re: Latin America
Lyndon Johnson 6/23/1967 Signed Presidential Ball invitation - Los Angeles
Lyndon Johnson 11/9/1967 Congratulations
Lyndon Johnson 12/26/1967 Best Wishes for New Year
Lyndon Johnson 4/4/1968 Thank you
Lyndon Johnson 11/22/1968 Look forward to seeing you
Lyndon Johnson 12/18/1968 Thanks for your visit
Lyndon Johnson 3/30/1970 Thanks for the Get Well wishes
Lyndon Johnson 8/4/1970 Good to hear from you
Lyndon Johnson Thanks for Birthday wishes
Lady Bird Johnson 10/27/1965 Thanks for Get Well wishes
Lady Bird Johnson 4/19/1972 Thanks for the visit
Lady Bird Johnson 2/2/1973 Thanks for condolences on death of LBJ
Lyndon Johnson Photo signed - LBJ and Brown
Lyndon Johnson Reflections in History: A Personal Collection

Eight Presidential Signatures A group lot of eight clipped signatures by: Benjamin Harrison ("Benj Harrison", removed from a check); Harry S. Truman ("Harry", cut from a TLS); William H. Taft; Herbert Hoover (2); Grover Cleveland (removed from a document); Richard Nixon ("Dick Nixon", a closing from a TLS); and Calvin Coolidge (closing from a TLS). Also, a Fisher Ames signature on a small slip mounted to a card. Total of nine items.

George Bush Typed Letter, one page, 6.25" x 8.5". Houston, Texas, January 8, 2002. Not signed. To his son, Neil, addressed. Typed salutation "Dear Family Member." The former president handwrote "Whit!" In full, "The attached photo shows me at the Chrissie Evert charity event in Delray, taken December 2001. I have played in it for 6 years or so. I send it along since it might well be the last appearance by me on any tennis court. After the match I ached badly and am just now recovering. Anyway this picture might go into a family scrapbook - Title it 'The Last Gasp!' or 'The last hurrah' Chrissie Evert is the very best, and someday your grandkids might be proud their great grand dad strode out onto court #1 with her." From Reflections: Life After the White House by Barbara Bush: "To this day we call Neil 'Whitney,' often shortened to 'Whit.' He started out as 'Whitey' because of his blonde hair and somewhere along the way it became 'Whitney.'" Included are two 6" x 4" color photographs of Bush 41 playing tennis, one with Chris Evert, formerly ranked the #1 woman tennis player in the world. Present is the original 10.5" x 7.5" envelope mailed to Neil Bush, with printed George Bush free frank crossed out and 57¢ in stamps affixed. The letter was never folded and is in extra fine condition. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

George Bush and Barbara Bush Typed Letter Signed "George" and "Love/Bar," one page, 6.25" x 8.5". Houston, Texas, c. December 2001. With original 9.5" x 4" envelope with Bush Houston address on the back flap. Bush has penned "Sharon" on the front. Begins "Dear 10 of you, Dear" to which George Bush has penned "Sharon." In full, "First of all I can barely type this letter because excitement had built up so high about Camp David that I can't think of anything else. I write by computer because my hand shakes from excitement or is it age? Anyway - here is a little bill-paying 'chicken feed' (per Gampy Walker when he'd pass out a 25 cent piece). It comes with tons of love but also with great gratitude for the joy all 10 of you give to your mother (or mother-in-law) and to me. I hope 2002 is your happiest year ever; and that Christmas will be your Merriest! Devotedly." This letter was one of ten individually sent to their children, George, Jeb, Neil, Marvin, and Dorothy, and their spouses. Gampy Walker was the father of George's mother Dorothy, stockbroker George Herbert Walker (1875-1953). When George and Barbara Bush were in The White House, their children and grandchildren would visit them at Camp David at Christmastime. This was their son's first Christmas as President and George Bush was excited about returning to Camp David after eight years. 2002 was not Sharon's happiest year ever. Her husband Neil told her he wanted a divorce. They were separated in 2002 and divorced in 2003. Very fine condition. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

George Bush and Barbara Bush Typed Letter Signed "Gampy" and "Bar" who's added "we pray for you all-/Bar," one page, 6.25" x 8.5". Houston, Texas, December 15, 2002. To Sharon Bush who had separated from their son Neil three months earlier. In full, "Joy to the World - Dear Sharon, It is Chicken Feed Time again. You may well recall that it was my 'Gampy' that coined that phrase when he would put quarters or dimes into the outstretched hands of his grandkids. Merry Christmas. And, Sharon, may 2003 be a great one for you, free of stress, free of worry, full of joy and wonder. Hug all three kids for me. Con Afecto." George Bush's "Gampy" was stockbroker George Herbert Walker (1875-1953), his mother Dorothy's father. Neil divorced Sharon in 2003. He was ordered to pay child support for 17-year-old Pierce and 14-year-old Ashley; Lauren was 19. With original 9.5" x 4" postmarked envelope imprinted "George Bush" in the upper left and his 10000 Memorial Drive, Houston address on the back flap. Very fine condition. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

George W. Bush Autograph Letter Signed as President "George W. Bush," two pages, 6.25" x 4.25", front and verso. On a card engraved in gold in the upper left with the presidential seal, also engraved "The President," January 24, 2005. To the ex-wife of his brother Neil who had divorced her in 2003, written just four days after his second inauguration. In full, "Dear Sharon- Thank you for the congratulatory note. You were kind to host the election party. Your kids are great. Pierce is doing very well at G-town and Lauren & Ashley are smart, beautiful girls. I know you are proud of your children. With best regards." Pierce (born 1986) was attending Georgetown University. Lauren was born in 1984 and Ashley in 1989. When he divorced Sharon in 2003, Neil Bush was ordered to pay $1,500 a month in child support for Pierce and Ashley. With original 6.5" x 4.25" envelope. Extra fine condition. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

Laura Bush Autograph Letter Signed "Laura" (with "Bush" on envelope) as First Lady, one page, 7.25" x 4.75". On her personal card with an engraving of The White House at top center, January 14, 2002. With original 7.25" x 5" White House envelope, torn open at top, postmarked Baltimore, January 16, 2002. The First Lady has penned "Sharon Bush" on the envelope, but her Houston address was written by someone else. In full, "The dinner for the Kipp Academy was such fun and so heart warming. Thank you for asking me to be there and congratulations on your good work for Kipp! Come see us soon. The Prez joins me in sending our Love." KIPP, the Knowledge Is Power Program, is a national network of free, open-enrollment, college-preparatory public schools, each called KIPP Academy, in under-resourced communities throughout the United States. Sharon Bush was married to Neil Bush, President George W. Bush's brother, from 1980 until their divorce in 2003. Extra fine condition. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush Signed Art Print "Father and Son" by John Dearman who has also signed this limited edition print. While governor of Texas, George "W" commissioned artist John Dearman to paint him and his father, President George Bush, while bass fishing on a private lake in Athens, Texas. Dearman spent two hours with them taking the more than two hundred photographs on which he based his painting. Offered here is a print of 18.5" x 13.5" sight size matted and handsomely framed to an overall size of 24" x 19". It is signed in the wide lower margin by both "41" and 43" as well as the artist, all in pencil. Excellent condition. A perfect presidential display item for the weekend angler. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

George Bush and George W. Bush Book Photograph Signed "George Bush" and "George W. Bush." Color, 9.25" x 6" image, overall 11.5" x 11.75". Page 87 from an art book captioned "Father and Son/Acrylic, 24 x 36 inches." Painting by John Dearman. Captioned by Dearman, in part, "Being commissioned by Governor George W. Bush to paint him fishing with his father, President George Bush, is the greatest honor of my artistic career. I spent over two hours with them, taking more than two hundred photographs, as they fished on a private lake near Athens..." Very fine condition. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

George Bush and Barbara Bush 1990 Large White House Christmas Card Signed "George Bush" and "Barbara Bush" as President and First Lady. The 10" x 13" Hallmark card reproduces Mark Hampton's work, The Oval Office, The White House. Printed message: "With our warmest wishes for a blessed Christmas/and a peaceful new year./The President and Mrs. Bush/1990" with blind embossed presidential seal in the lower left. It is inserted in a red 11" x 14" presentation folder with the presidential seal embossed on the front. Extra fine condition. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

1991 Large Presidential Christmas Card Signed by George and Barbara Bush, a beautiful and colorful depiction of the family Christmas Tree in the White House by artist Kamil Kubik. On the lower margin of the mat is printed "With our warmest wishes for all the joys of Christmas and peace in the new year. The President and Mrs. Bush 1991". To the left of the caption is the signature of Barbara Bush and to the right, George Bush, both in black felt tip. There is an embossed Presidential Seal at lower left. Sight size is 11.5" x 15.5"; it is matted and framed to an overall size of 17" x 20". Excellent condition. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

1995 Large Texas Governor's Christmas Card Signed by George W. and Laura Bush. It pictures a Texas flag flying from the Christmas-decorated balcony of the Texas Governor's Mansion. The printed caption on the lower margin reads "Best Wishes for a Happy Holiday. Governor and Mrs. George W. Bush 1995". It is signed boldly beneath by George and Laura Bush in black felt tip. The embossed seal of the Texas Governor is at the lower left. Sight size is 11.5" x 14.5"; it is matted and framed to an overall size of 17" x 20". Excellent condition. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

George W. Bush and Laura Bush 1996 Large Christmas Card Signed "George W. Bush" and "Laura Bush," Color, 8.75" x 11.75" image, overall 12.5" x 16.75" Reproduction of a painting by artist Nancy Mantha, Austin, Texas. Message: "With best wishes for all the joy of Christmas/Governor and Mrs. Bush/1996" with blind embossed Texas gubernatorial seal in the lower left. It is inserted in a deep olive green 12.5" x 17" presentation folder with the Texas gubernatorial seal embossed on the front. Extra fine condition. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

George W. Bush Texas Inaugural Photograph Signed on the matte "to Neil & Sharon/Love and respect/George W. Bush." Color, 9.5" x 6.5" image, overall 14" x 11". Taken as George W. Bush was being sworn in as Governor of Texas on January 17, 1995, his first inauguration, inscribed to his brother, Neil, and his wife, Sharon, who were divorced in 2003. Bush has signed to the left of the imprinted gold seal of the Governor of Texas. Extra fine condition. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

George H. W. Bush: Special Presentation Copy of Daniel J. Boorstin's The Americans: The National Experience Signed to His Son Neil (New York: Random House, 1965), 517 pages, rebound in red leather with gilt titles, including the presidential seal in the middle of the front cover and "NEIL M. BUSH" at the bottom of the front cover, 8vo (6.5" x 9.5"). Signed "Neil & Sharon Merry Christmas Devotedly your Dad George Bush" on a bookplate pasted onto the front free endpaper. The book is in fine condition. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

George H. W. Bush & Brent Scowcroft: A World Transformed Signed by Both Authors to Neil and Sharon Bush (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), first edition, 587 pages, blue paper boards shelf backed in blue cloth with gilt spine titles, 8vo (6.5" x 9.5"), dust jacket. Signed on a bookplate "Neil & Sharon - Love from your devoted "Dad." George Bush" and below that "Brent Scowcroft". The bookplate is affixed to the half title page. Neil and Sharon Bush are the senior George Bush's son and daughter-in-law. The book is in fine condition in a near fine unclipped dust jacket. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

George H. W. Bush and Barbara Bush: Signed Specially Bound and Cased Edition of David C. Whitney's The American Presidents The American Bicentennial Presidential Inaugural Edition (New York: Doubleday Book & Music Clubs, Inc., 1989), special limited edition, 562 pages, blue cloth with gilt titles, 8vo (6.25" x 9.5"), housed in a matching blue cloth slipcase. All edges gilt. The book is one of 1,000 numbered copies printed, but is not numbered. Signed "To: Neil and Sharon Bush - with such love. Barbara Bush George Bush Christmas 1989" on a bookplate affixed to the front flyleaf. Prepared for the American Bicentennial Presidential Inaugural on January 20, 1989, the senior Bush's first inaugural. A wonderful association copy from within the First Family of 1989. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

George W. Bush: A Charge to Keep Inscribed to His Younger Brother Neil (New York: William Morrow, 1999), first edition, 253 pages, brown paper boards shelf backed in black paper with gilt spine titles, 8vo (6.25" x 9.5"), no dust jacket. Signed "to Neil and Sharon with love George Bush" on the front free endpaper. Fine condition. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

George H. W. Bush: Two Books, One Signed, from the Library of Neil and Sharon Bush, including:
The American Presidents The American Bicentennial Presidential Inaugural Edition (New York: Doubleday Book & Music Clubs, Inc., 1989), special limited edition, 562 pages, blue cloth with gilt titles, 8vo (6.25" x 9.5"). All edges gilt. The book is one of 1,000 numbered copies printed, but is not numbered. Signed "George Bush" on the title page of George Washington's first inaugural address. Near fine condition, with minimal spotting on the front cover
Volume II of George Bush's Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States (Washington, D. C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1991), 932 pages plus Indexes, blue cloth with gilt spine titles, 4to (7" x 10"). A stamp reading "Property of the White House Office" can be seen on the front pastedown. This was most assuredly President Bush's copy or obtained by him as a gift for Neil and Sharon Bush. The book is in fine condition. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.

Paul Newman Political Typed Letter Signed "Newman," one page, 7.25" x 10.5". No place, January 29, 1992. To Ms. Sharon Bush, Karitas Foundation, Denver, Colorado. With original 7.5" x 3.75" envelope. In full, "Thank you for your kind invitation, but to the best of my knowledge, I will be working on that day. I have a good deal of enthusiasm for Karitas - unfortunately, I cannot say the same for your father-in-law -- that is some mess." In 1992, incumbent President George Bush was defeated for reelection by Bill Clinton whom Paul Newman supported. The Karitas Foundation benefits abused and homeless children. Folds, Fine condition. From the personal collection of Sharon Bush and accompanied by a signed Letter of Authenticity from her.